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It Might Otherwise Appear Paradoxical That Money Can Be Replaced By Worthless Paper; But That The Slightest Alloying Of Its Metallic Content Depreciates It.

-Karl Marx

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It Might Otherwise Appear

Karl Marx

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It Might Otherwise Appear Paradoxical That Money Can Be Replaced By Worthless Paper; But That The Slightest Alloying Of Its Metallic Content Depreciates It.

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Junk Food, Empty Calories And Carbs Are The Big Data Of The Masses

The Working Men Have No Country. We Cannot Take Away From Them What They Have Not Got

Medicine Heals Doubts As Well As Diseases.

While The Miser Is Merely A Capitalist Gone Mad, The Capitalist Is A Rational Miser.

A Specter Is Haunting Europe - The Specter Of Communism.

Political Economy Regards The Proletarian Like A Horse, He Must Receive Enough To Enable Him To Work. It Does Not Consider Him, During The Time When He Is Not Working, As A Human Being. It Leaves This To Criminal Law, Doctors, Religion, Statistical Tables, Politics, And The Beadle.

The Executive Of The Modern State Is But A Committee For Managing The Common Affairs Of The Whole Bourgeoisie.

I Am Stretching Out This Volume, Since Those German Dogs Estimate The Value Of Books By Their Cubic Contents.

One Of The Most Difficult Tasks Confronting Philosophers Is To Descend From The World Of Thought To The Actual World.

I Am Nothing But I Must Be Everything.

History Calls Those Men The Greatest Who Have Ennobled Themselves By Working For The Common Good; Experience Acclaims As Happiest The Man Who Has Made The Greatest Number Of People Happy.

In Proportion As Capital Accumulates, The Lot Of The Laborer, Be His Payment High Or Low, Must Grow Worse.

What I Did That Was New Was To Prove That The Existence Of Classes Is Only Bound Up With Particular, Historical Phases In The Development Of Production; That The Class Struggle Necessarily Leads To The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat; And That Dictatorship Itself Only Constitutes The Transition To The Abolition Of All Classes And To A Classless Society.

Religion Is Only The Illusory Sun Which Revolves Round Man As Long As He Does Not Revolve Round Himself.

A People Without A Heritage Are Easily Persuaded.

When The Train Of History Hits A Curve, The Intellectuals Fall Off.

The Bureaucracy Is A Circle From Which No One Can Escape. Its Hierarchy Is A Hierarchy Of Knowledge.

...the First Step In The Revolution By The Working Class, Is To Raise The Proletariat To The Position Of Ruling Class, To Win The Battle For Democracy.

I Am A Machine, Condemned To Devour Them And Then, Throw Them, In A Changed Form, On The Dunghill Of History.

From The Outset, The Christian Was The Theorizing Jew, The Jew Is Therefore The Practical Christian, And The Practical Christian Has Become A Jew Again.

The Ruling Ideas Of Each Age Have Ever Been The Ideas Of Its Ruling Class.

In Proportion Therefore, As The Repulsiveness Of The Work Increases, The Wage Decreases.

Communist Manifesto

The Past Lies Like A Nightmare Upon The Present.

The Tories In England Had Long Imagined That They Were Enthusiastic About The Monarchy, The Church And Beauties Of The Old English Constitution, Until The Day Of Danger Wrung From Them The Confession That They Are Enthusiastic Only About Rent.

Between Capitalist And Communist Society There Lies The Period Of The Revolutionary Transformation Of The One Into The Other. Corresponding To This Is Also A Political Transition Period In Which The State Can Be Nothing But The Revolutionary Dictatorship Of The Proletariat.

The Alienation Of Man Thus Appeared As The Fundamental Evil Of Capitalist Society.

The Labour-power Is A Commodity , Not Capital, In The Hands Of The Labourer, And It Constitutes For Him A Revenue So Long As He Can Continuously Repeat Its Sale; It Functions As Capital After Its Sale, In The Hands Of The Capitalist, During The Process Of Production Itself.

It Has Drowned The Most Heavenly Ecstasies Of Religious Fervour, Of Chivalrous Enthusiasm, Of Philistine Sentimentalism, In The Icy Water Of Egotistical Calculation. It Has Resolved Personal Worth Into Exchange Value, And In Place Of Numberless Indefeasible Chartered Freedoms, It Has Set Up That Single, Unconscionable Freedom -- Free Trade. In One Word, For Exploitation, Veiled By Religious And Political Illusions, It Has Substituted Naked, Shameless, Direct, Brutal Exploitation.

It Is Not History Which Uses Men As A Means Of Achieving - As If It Were An Individual Person - Its Own Ends. History Is Nothing But The Activity Of Men In Pursuit Of Their Ends.

Money Does Not Arise By Convention, Any More Than The State Does. It Arises Out Of Exchange, And Arises Naturally Out Of Exchange; It Is A Product Of The Same.

History Repeats Itself, The First As Tragedy, Then As Farce.

Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops Technology, And The Combining Together Of Various Processes Into A Social Whole, Only By Sapping The Original Sources Of All Wealth - The Soil And The Labourer.

Man Makes Religion, Religion Does Not Make Man

Criticism Of Religion

Money Appears As Measure (in Homer, E.g. Oxen) Earlier Than As Medium Of Exchange, Because In Barter Each Commodity Is Still Its Own Medium Of Exchange. But It Cannot Be Its Own Or Its Own Standard Of Comparison.

All I Know Is That I Am Not A Marxist.

Misery Motivates, Not Utopia.

It Is A Bad Thing To Perform Menial Duties Even For The Sake Of Freedom; To Fight With Pinpricks, Instead Of With Clubs. I Have Become Tired Of Hypocrisy, Stupidity, Gross Arbitrariness, And Of Our Bowing And Scraping, Dodging, And Hair-splitting Over Words. Consequently, The Government Has Given Me Back My Freedom.

Capital Is Money, Capital Is Commodities. By Virtue Of It Being Value, It Has Acquired The Occult Ability To Add Value To Itself. It Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or, At The Least, Lays Golden Eggs.

An Organised System Of Machines, To Which Motion Is Communicated By The Transmitting Mechanism From A Central Automation, Is The Most Developed Form Of Production By Machinery.

The Communist Revolution Is The Most Radical Rupture With Traditional Property Relations; No Wonder That Its Development Involves The Most Radical Rupture With Traditional Ideas.

The Most Interesting Acquaintanceship I Have Struck Up Here Is That Of Colonel Lapinski. He Is Without Doubt The Cleverest Pole - Besides Being An Homme D'action [man Of Action] - That I Have Ever Met. His Sympathies Are All On The German Side, Though In Manners And Speech He Is Also A Frenchman. He Cares Nothing For The Struggle Of Nationalities And Only Knows The Racial Struggle. He Hates All Orientals, Among Whom He Numbers Russians Turks, Greeks, Armenians, Etc., With Equal Impartiality.... His Aim Now Is To Raise A German Legion In London.

The Theory Of Communism May Be Summed Up In One Sentence: Abolish All Private Property.

If You Can Cut The People Off From Their History, Then They Can Be Easily Persuaded.

May The Devil Take These Peoples Movements, Especially When They Are 'peaceful'.

We Should Not Say That One Man's Hour Is Worth Another Man's Hour, But Rather That One Man During An Hour Is Worth Just As Much As Another Man During An Hour. Time Is Everything, Man Is Nothing: He Is At The Most Time's Carcass.

He Who Before Was The Money Owner, Now Strides In Front As Capitalist; The Possessor Of Labor-power Follows As His Laborer. The One With An Air Of Importance, Smirking, Intent On Business; The Other Hesitant, Like One Who Is Bringing His Own Hide To Market And Has Nothing To Expect But A Hiding.

Keep People From Their History, And They Are Easily Controlled.

Every One Knows That There Are No Real Forests In England.the Deer In The Parks Of The Great Are Demurely Domestic Cattle, Fat As London Alderman.

I Am Greatly Pleased With The Public, Authentic Isolation In Which We Two, You And I, Now Find Ourselves. It Is Wholly In Accord With Our Attitude And Our Principles.

Owners Of Capital Will Stimulate Working Class To Buy More And More Of Expensive Goods, Houses And Technology, Pushing Them To Take More And More Expensive Credits, Until Their Debt Becomes Unbearable. The Unpaid Debt Will Lead To Bankruptcy Of Banks Which Will Have To Be Nationalized And State Will Have To Take The Road Which Will Eventually Lead To Communism.

Beauty Is The Main Positive Form Of The Aesthetic Assimilation Of Reality, In Which Aesthetic Ideal Finds It Direct Expression.

In Proportion As The Bourgeoisie, I.e., Capital, Is Developed, In The Same Proportion Is The Proletariat, The Modern Working Class, Developed - A Class Of Labourers, Who Live Only So Long As They Find Work, And Who Find Work Only So Long As Their Labour Increases Capital. These Labourers, Who Must Sell Themselves Piecemeal, Are A Commodity, Like Every Other Article Of Commerce, And Are Consequently Exposed To All The Vicissitudes Of Competition, To All The Fluctuations Of The Market.

Gold Is Now Money With Reference To All Other Commodities Only Because It Was Previously, With Reference To Them, A Simple Commodity.

Work Is External To The Worker. . . . It Is Not Part Of His Nature; Consequently He Does Not Fulfill Himself In His Work But Denies Himself. . . . The Worker Therefore Feels Himself At Home Only During His Leisure Time, Whereas At Work He Feels Homeless.

As, In Religion, Man Is Governed By The Products Of His Own Brain, So In Capitalistic Production, He Is Governed By The Products Of His Own Hand.

Last Words Are For Those Fools Who Believe They Have Not Yet Said Enough.

Under No Pretext Should Arms And Ammunition Be Surrendered; Any Attempt To Disarm The Workers Must Be Frustrated, By Force If Necessary.

The More Powerful The Work, The More Powerless The Worker.

Men Can See Nothing Around Them That Is Not Their Own Image; Everything Speaks To Them Of Themselves. Their Very Landscape Is Alive.

England Has To Fulfill A Double Mission In India: One Destructive, The Other Regenerating - The Annihilation Of Old Asiatic Society, And The Laying The Material Foundations Of Western Society In Asia... When A Great Social Revolution Shall Have Mastered The Results Of The Bourgeois Epoch... And Subjected Them To The Common Control Of The Most Advanced Peoples, Then Only Will Human Progress Cease To Resemble That Hideous, Pagan Idol, Who Would Not Drink The Nectar But From The Skulls Of The Slain.

The Product Of Mental Labor - Science - Always Stands Far Below Its Value, Because The Labor-time Necessary To Reproduce It Has No Relation At All To The Labor-time Required For Its Original Production.

The Jews Of Poland Are The Smeariest Of All Races.

Workers Of The World Unite; You Have Nothing To Lose But Your Chains.

Communist Manifesto

The Monopoly Of Capital Becomes A Fetter Upon The Mode Of Production, Which Has Sprung Up And Flourished Along With, And Under It. Centralisation Of The Means Of Production And Socialisation Of Labour At Last Reach A Point Where They Become Incompatible With There Capitalist Integument. This Integument Is Burst Asunder. The Knell Of Capitalist Private Property Sounds. The Expropriators Are Expropriated.

The Weapon Of Criticism Can Never Replace The Criticism Of Weapons.

On A Level Plain, Simple Mounds Look Like Hills; And The Insipid Flatness Of Our Present Bourgeoisie Is To Be Measured By The Altitude Of Its Great Intellects.

In Every Revolution There Intrude, At The Side Of Its True Agents, Men Of A Different Stamp; Some Of Them Survivors Of And Devotees To Past Revolutions, Without Insight Into The Present Movement, But Preserving Popular Influence By Their Known Honesty And Courage, Or By The Sheer Force Of Tradition; Others Mere Brawlers, Who, By Dint Of Repeating Year After Year The Same Set Of Stereotyped Declamations Against The Government Of The Day, Have Sneaked Into The Reputation Of Revolutionists Of The First Water They Are An Unavoidable Evil: With Time They Are Shaken Off.

Since Labour Is Motion, Time Is Its Natural Measure.

The More Of Himself Man Attributes To God, The Less He Has Left In Himself.

The Communists Disdain To Conceal Their Views And Aims. They Open Declare That Their Ends Can Be Attained Only By The Forcible Overthrow Of All Existing Social Conditions. Let The Ruling Classes Tremble At A Communistic Revolution. The Proletarians Have Nothing To Lose But Their Chains. They Have A World To Win. Working Men Of All Countries, Unite!

In Order To Arouse Sympathy, The Aristocracy Was Obliged To Lose Sight, Apparently, Of Its Own Interests, And To Formulate Its Indictment Against The Bourgeoisie In The Interest Of The Exploited Working Class Alone. Thus, The Aristocracy Took Their Revenge By Singing Lampoons On Their New Masters And Whispering In His Ears Sinister Prophesies Of Coming Catastrophe.

Darwin Has Interested Us In The History Of Nature's Technology.

With Disdain I Will Throw My Gauntlet Full In The Fact Of The World And See The Collapse Of This Pygmy Giant. Then Will I Wander God-like And Victorious Through The Ruins Of The World. And Giving My Words An Active Force, I Will Feel Equal To The Creator.

Art Is Always And Everywhere The Secret Confession, And At The Same Time The Immortal Movement Of Its Time.

Exchange Value Forms The Substance Of Money, And Exchange Value Is Wealth.

The Education Of All Children, From The Moment That They Can Get Along Without A Mother's Care, Shall Be In State Institutions.

If Money Is The Bond Binding Me To Human Life, Binding Society To Me, Binding Me And Nature And Man, Is Not Money The Bond Of All Bonds? Can It Not Dissolve And Bind All Ties? Is It Not, Therefore, The Universal Agent Of Separation?

As In Private Life One Differentiates Between What A Man Thinks And Says Of Himself And What He Really Is And Does, So In Historical Struggles One Must Still More Distinguish The Language And The Imaginary Aspirations Of Parties From Their Real Organism And Their Real Interests, Their Conception Of Themselves From Their Reality.

Those Dogs Of Democrats And Liberal Riff-raff Will See That We're The Only Chaps Who Haven't Been Stultified By The Ghastly Period Of Peace.

Although Usury Is Itself A Form Of Credit In Its Bourgeoisified Form, The Form Adapted To Capital , In Its Pre-bourgeois Form It Is Rather The Expression Of The Lack Of Credit .

Crack-brained Meddling By The Authorities [can] Aggravate An Existing Crisis.

I Am Nothing And Should Be Everything.

Modern Bourgeois Society With Its Relations Of Production, Of Exchange, And Of Property, A Society That Has Conjured Up Such Gigantic Means Of Production And Of Exchange, Is Like The Sorcerer, Who Is No Longer Able To Control The Powers Of The Nether World Whom He Has Called Up By His Spells.

In All Of Human History No Country Or No People Have Suffered Such Terrible Slavery, Conquest And Foreign Oppression And No Country And No People Have Struggled So Strenuously For Their Emancipation Than Sicily And The Sicilians.

The First Requisite For The Happiness Of The People Is The Abolition Of Religion.

If We Have Chosen The Position In Life In Which We Can Most Of All Work For Mankind, No Burdens Can Bow Us Down, Because They Are Sacrifices For The Benefit Of All; Then We Shall Experience No Petty, Limited, Selfish Joy, But Our Happiness Will Belong To Millions, Our Deeds Will Live On Quietly But Perpetually At Work, And Over Our Ashes Will Be Shed The Hot Tears Of Noble People.

There Is Only One Effective Antidote For Mental Suffering And That Is Physical Pain.

As For Slavery, There Is No Need For Me To Speak Of Its Bad Aspects. The Only Thing Requiring Explanation Is The Good Side Of Slavery. I Do Not Mean Indirect Slavery, The Slavery Of Proletariat; I Mean Direct Slavery, The Slavery Of The Blacks In Surinam, In Brazil, In The Southern Regions Of North America. Direct Slavery Is As Much The Pivot Upon Which Our Present-day Industrialism Turns As Are Machinery, Credit, Etc. … Slavery Is Therefore An Economic Category Of Paramount Importance.

Both For The Production On A Mass Scale Of This Communist Consciousness, And For The Success Of The Cause Itself, The Alteration Of Men On A Mass Scale Is Necessary, An Alteration Which Can Only Take Place In A Practical Movement, A Revolution; This Revolution Is Necessary, Therefore, Not Only Because The Ruling Class Cannot Be Overthrown In Any Other Way, But Also Because The Class Overthrowing It Can Only In A Revolution Succeed In Ridding Itself Of All The Muck Of Ages And Become Fitted To Found Society Anew.

The Full Man Does Not Understand The Wants Of The Hungry

...it Happens That Society Is Saved As Often As The Circle Of Its Ruling Class Is Narrowed, As Often As A More Exclusive Interest Asserts Itself Over The General. Every Demand For The Most Simple Bourgeois Financial Reform, For The Most Ordinary Liberalism, For The Most Commonplace Republicanism, For The Flattest Democracy Is Forthwith Punished As An Assault Upon Society And Is Branded As Socialism.

In Bourgeois Society Capital Is Independent And Has Individuality, While The Living Person Is Dependent And Has No Individuality.

Every Beginning Is Difficult, Holds In All Sciences.

Religion Is The Balm Of The People.

The Bourgeoisie, Wherever It Has Got The Upper Hand, Has Put An End To All Feudal, Patriarchal, Idyllic Relations. It Has Pitilessly Torn Asunder The Motley Of Ties That Bound Man To His "natural Superiors," And Left Remaining No Other Nexus Between Man And Man Than Naked Self-interest, Than Callous "cash Payment.

There Is Something In Human History Like Retribution; And It Is A Rule Of Historical Retribution That Its Instrument Be Forged Not By The Offended, But By The Offender Himself. The First Blow Dealt To The French Monarchy Proceeded From The Nobility, Not From The Peasants. The Indian Revolt Does Not Commence With The Ryots, Tortured, Dishonoured And Stripped Naked By The British, But With The Sepoys, Clad, Fed And Petted, Fatted And Pampered By Them.

The Materialist Doctrine That Men Are Products Of Circumstances And Upbringing, And That, Therefore, Changed Men Are Products Of Other Circumstances And Changed Upbrinding, Forgets That It Is Men That Change Circumstances And That The Educator Himself Needs Educating.

The Object Of Art Like Every Other Product Creates A Public Which Is Sensitive To Art And Enjoys Beauty.

The World Will Be For The Common People, And The Sounds Of Happiness Will Reach Even The Deepest Springs.

Although Gold And Silver Are Not By Nature Money, Money Is By Nature Gold And Silver.

There Must Be Something Rotten In The Very Core Of A Social System Which Increases Its Wealth Without Diminishing Its Misery

The Imaginary Flowers Of Religion Adorn Man's Chains. Man Must Throw Off The Flowers, And Also The Chains.

History Does Nothing, Possesses No Enormous Wealth, Fights No Battles. It Is Rather Man, The Real, Living Man, Who Does Everything, Possesses, Fights. It Is Not History, As If She Were A Person Apart, Who Uses Men As A Means To Work Out Her Purposes, But History Itself Is Nothing But The Activity Of Men Pursuing Their Purposes.

Democracy Is The Road To Socialism.

Modern Society, Which, Soon After Its Birth, Pulled Plutus By The Hair Of His Head From The Bowels Of The Earth, Greets Gold As Its Holy Grail, As The Glittering Incarnation Of The Very Principle Of Its Own Life.

The Will Of The Capitalist Is Certainly To Take As Much As Possible. What We Have To Do Is Not To Talk About His Will, But To Enquire About His Power, The Limits Of That Power, And The Character Of Those Limits.

If The Labourer Consumes His Disposable Time For Himself, He Robs The Capitalist.

For The Bureaucrat, The World Is A Mere Object To Be Manipulated By Him.

The Last Capitalist We Hang Shall Be The One Who Sold Us The Rope.

The Way People Get Their Living Determines Their Social Outlook.

...the Realm Of Freedom Does Not Commence Until The Point Is Passed Where Labor Under The Compulsion Of Necessity And Of External Utility Is Required.

They Don't Know It, But They Are Doing It.

We Cannot Tell By Looking At The Diamond That It Is A Commodity. When It Serves As A Use-value, Asthetic Or Mechanical, On The Breast Of A Harlot, Or In The Hand Of A Glasscutter, It Is A Diamond And Not A Commodity.

Every Provisional Political Set-up Following A Revolution Requires A Dictatorship, And An Energetic Dictatorship At That.

Men Make Their Own History, But They Do Not Make It Just As They Please; They Do Not Make It Under Circumstances Chosen By Themselves, But Under Circumstances Directly Encountered, Given And Transmitted From The Past. The Tradition Of All The Dead Generations Weighs Like A Nightmare On The Brain Of The Living.

The Bureaucracy Takes Itself To Be The Ultimate Purpose Of The State

The Need Of A Constantly Expanding Market For Its Products Chases The Bourgeoisie Over The Entire Surface Of The Globe. It Must Nestle Everywhere, Settle Everywhere, Establish Connections Everywhere. The Bourgeoisie Has, Through Its Exploitation Of The World Market, Given A Cosmopolitan Character To Production And Consumption In Every Country. To The Great Chagrin Of Reactionaries, It Has Drawn From Under The Feet Of Industry The National Ground On Which It Stood.

All That We Want To Do Away With Is The Miserable Character Of This Appropriation, Under Which The Labourer Lives Merely To Increase Capital , And Allowed To Live Only So Far As The Interest To The Ruling Class Requires It.

The Production Of Too Many Useful Things Results In Too Many Useless People.

All Our Inventions Have Endowed Material Forces With Intellectual Life, And Degraded Human Life Into A Material Force.

Mankind Always Sets Itself Only Such Tasks As It Can Solve; Since, Looking At The Matter More Closely, We Will Always Find That The Task Itself Arises Only When The Material Conditions Necessary For Its Solution Already Exist Or Are At Least In The Process Of Formation.

The Bureaucracy Is A Circle From Which One Cannot Escape. Its Hierarchy Is A Hierarchy Of Knowledge. The Top Entrusts The Understanding Of Detail To The Lower Levels, Whilst The Lower Levels Credit The Top With Understanding Of The General, And So All Are Mutually Deceived.

The Redeeming Feature Of War Is That It Puts A Nation To The Test. As Exposure To The Atmosphere Reduces All Mummies To Instant Dissolution, So War Passes Supreme Judgment Upon Social Systems That Have Outlived Their Vitality.

We Know That Violent Measures Against Religion Are Nonsense; But This Is An Opinion: As Socialism Grows, Religion Will Disappear. Its Disappearance Must Be Done By Social Development, In Which Education Must Play A Part.

Reason Has Always Existed, But Not Always In A Reasonable Form.

Communist Manifesto

We Will Hang The Capitalists With The Rope That They Sell Us.

A Spider Conducts Operations That Resemble Those Of A Weaver, And A Bee Puts To Shame Many An Architect In The Construction Of Her Cells. But What Distinguishes The Worst Architect From The Best Of Bees Is This, That The Architect Raises His Structure In Imagination Before He Erects It In Reality.

The Philosophers Have Only Interpreted The World, In Various Ways: The Point, However, Is To Change It.

Since The Working-class Lives From Hand To Mouth,it Buys As Long As It Has The Means To Buy.

Nothing Is More Tedious Than The Dreaming Platitude.

Anyone Who Knows Anything Of History Knows That Great Social Changes Are Impossible Without Feminine Upheaval. Social Progress Can Be Measured Exactly By The Social Position Of The Fair Sex, The Ugly Ones Included.

The Class Struggle Necessarily Leads To The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat.

Hegel Remarks Somewhere That All Great, World-historical Facts And Personages Occur, As It Were, Twice. He Has Forgotten To Add: The First Time As Tragedy, The Second As Farce.

So In Jewry We Recognise A Contemporary Universal Anti-social Phenomenon, Which Has Reached Its Present Pitch Through A Process Of, Historical Development In Which The Jews Have Zealously Co-operated. And This Evil Anti-social Aspect Of Jewry Has Grown To A Stage At Which: It Must Necessarily Collapse.

It's Possible That I Shall Make An Ass Of Myself. But In That Case One Can Always Get Out Of It With A Little Dialectic. I Have, Of Course, So Worded My Proposition As To Be Right Either Way.

Nothing Has Changed In Russias Policy. Her Methods, Her Tactics, Her Maneuvers May Change, But The Pole Starworld Dominationis Immutable.

The Existence Of The State Is Inseparable From The Existence Of Slavery.

Even An Entire Society, A Nation, Or All Simultaneously Existing Societies Taken Together, Are Not Owners Of The Earth. They Are Simply Its Possessors, Its Beneficiaries, And Have To Bequeath It In An Improved State To Succeeding Generations.

Just As The Savage Must Wrestle With Nature To Satisfy His Wants, To Maintain And Reproduce Life, So Must Civilised Man, And He Must Do So In All Social Formations And Under All Possible Modes Of Production.

Capital Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or At The Least, Lays The Golden Eggs.

The Country That Is More Developed Industrially Only Shows, To The Less Developed, The Image Of Its Own Future.

Surplus-value And The Rate Of Surplus-value Are... The Invisible Essence To Be Investigated, Whereas The Rate Of Profit And Hence The Form Of Surplus-value As Profit Are Visible Surface Phenomena

An Increase In The Productivity Of Labour Means Nothing More Than That The Same Capital Creates The Same Value With Less Labour, Or That Less Labour Creates The Same Product With More Capital.

The Development Of Civilization And Industry In General Has Always Shown Itself So Active In The Destruction Of Forests That Everything That Has Been Done For Their Conservation And Production Is Completely Insignificant In Comparison.

A Man Cannot Become A Child Again, Or He Becomes Childish.

Consumption Is Also Immediately Production, Just As In Nature The Consumption Of The Elements And Chemical Substances Is The Production Of The Plant.

Change The Economic Base And You Will Change Human Beings.

The Entire So-called History Of The World Is Nothing But The Creation Of Man Through Human Labor.

Creation Of Man

Taxes Are The Source Of Life For The Bureaucracy, The Army And The Court, In Short, For The Whole Apparatus Of The Executive Power. Strong Government And Heavy Taxes Are Identical.

Communism Is The Riddle Of History Solved, And It Knows Itself To Be This Solution.

Communist Manifesto

Darwin's Book Is Very Important And Serves Me As A Basis In Natural Science For The Class Struggle In History. One Has To Put Up With The Crude English Method Of Development, Of Course. Despite All Deficiencies Not Only Is The Death-blow Dealt Here For The First Time To 'teleology' In The Natural Sciences, But Their Rational Meaning Is Empirically Explained.

Capital Is Reckless Of The Health Or Length Of Life Of The Laborer, Unless Under Compulsion From Society.

Under Private Property, Each Tries To Establish Over The Other An Alien Power, So As Thereby To Find Satisfaction Of His Own Selfish Need. The Increase In The Quantity Of Objects Is Therefore Accompanied By An Extension Of The Realm Of The Alien Powers To Which Man Is Subjected, And Every New Product Represents A New Potentiality Of Mutual Swindling And Mutual Plundering.

In A Higher Phase Of Communist Society... Only Then Can The Narrow Horizon Of Bourgeois Right Be Fully Left Behind And Society Inscribe On Its Banners: From Each According To His Ability, To Each According To His Needs.

Division Of Labor

The Wealthy Man Is The Man Whois Much, Not The One Who Has Much

The Social Principles Of Christianity Preach Cowardice, Self-contempt, Abasement, Submission, Humility, In A Word All The Qualities Of The Canaille

...the Very Cannibalism Of The Counterrevolution Will Convince The Nations That There Is Only One Way In Which The Murderous Death Agonies Of The Old Society And The Bloody Birth Throes Of The New Society Can Be Shortened, Simplified And Concentrated, And That Way Is Revolutionary Terror.

Hitherto, Every Form Of Society Has Been Based ... On The Antagonism Of Oppressing And Oppressed Classes.

Philosophy Is To Science As Masturbation Is To Sex.

The Rule Of The Bourgeois Democrats [in Pre-federal Germany], From The Very First, Will Carry Within It The Seeds Of Its Own Destruction

The History Of All Previous Societies Has Been The History Of Class Struggles.

A Spectre Is Haunting Europe-the Spectre Of Communism. All The Powers Of Old Europe Have Entered Into Holy Alliance To Exorcise This Spectre: Pope And Czar, Metternich And Guizot, French Radicals And German Police-spies. Where Is The Party In Opposition That Has Not Been Decried As Communistic By Its Opponents In Power? Where The Opposition That Has Not Hurled Back The Branding Reproach Of Communism, Against The More Advanced Opposition Parties, As Well As Against Its Reactionary Adversaries?

You Will Have To Go Through 15, 20, 50 Years Of Civil Wars And National Struggles Not Only To Bring About A Change In Society But Also To Change Yourselves, And Prepare Yourselves For The Exercise Of Political Power.

The Bourgeoisie Of The Whole World, Which Looks Complacently Upon The Wholesale Massacre After The Battle, Is Convulsed By Horror At The Desecration Of Brick And Mortar.

Bricks And Mortar

History Does Nothing; It Does Not Possess Immense Riches, It Does Not Fight Battles. It Is Men, Real, Living, Who Do All This.

Do Not Be Deluded By The Abstract Word Freedom. Whose Freedom? Not The Freedom Of One Individual In Relation To Another, But Freedom Of Capital To Crush The Worker.

The State Is The Executive Committee Of The Ruling Class.

There Is No Royal Road To Science, And Only Those Who Do Not Dread The Fatiguing Climb Of Its Steep Paths Have A Chance Of Gaining Its Luminous Summits. (preface To The French Edition).

Philosophy Studies The World, But The Point Is To Change It.

Advances In Science Help To Delegitimize The Rule Of Kings And The Power Of The Church.

Language Comes Into Being, Like Consciousness, From The Basic Need, From The Scantiest Intercourse With Other Human.

Colonial System, Public Debts, Heavy Taxes, Protection, Commercial Wars, Etc., These Offshoots Of The Period Of Manufacture Swell To Gigantic Proportions During The Period Of Infancy Of Large-scale Industry. The Birth Of The Latter Is Celebrated By A Vast, Hero-like Slaughter Of The Innocents.

The Task Is Not Just To Understand The World But To Change It.

The English Established Church... Will More Readily Pardon An Attack On 38 Of Its 39 Articles Than On 1/39 Of Its Income.

What The Working Man Sells Is Not Directly His Labor, But His Laboring Power, The Temporary Disposal Of Which He Makes Over To The Capitalist. This Is So Much The Case That I Do Not Know Whether By The English Law, But Certainly By Some Continental Laws, The Maximum Time Is Fixed For Which A Man Is Allowed To Sell His Laboring Power. If Allowed To Do So For Any Indefinite Period Whatever, Slavery Would Be Immediately Restored. Such A Sale, If It Comprised His Lifetime, For Example, Would Make Him At Once The Lifelong Slave Of His Employer.

The State Is Based On This Contradiction. It Is Based On The Contradiction Between Public And Private Life, Between Universal And Particular Interests. For This Reason, The State Must Confine Itself To Formal, Negative Activities.

Nothing Can Have Value Without Being An Object Of Utility.

A Nation That Enslaves Another Forges Its Own Chains.

Society Is A Sort Of Organism On The Growth Of Which Conscious Efforts Can Exercise Little Effect.

The Democratic Concept Of Man Is False, Because It Is Christian. The Democratic Concept Holds That . . . Each Man Is A Sovereign Being. This Is The Illusion, Dream, And Postulate Of Christianity.

Religion Is The Opiate Of The People.

If Emancipation Of The Working Classes Requires Their Fraternal Conncurrence, How Are They To Fulfill That Great Mission With A Foreign Policy In Pursuit Of Criminal Designs, Playing Upon National Prejudices, And Squandering In Piratical Wars The People's Blood And Treasure? It Was Not The Wisdom Of The Ruling Classes, But The Heroic Resistance To Their Criminal Folly By The Working Classes Of England, That Saved The West Of Europe From Plunging Headlong Into An Infamous Crusade For The Propagation Of Slavery On The Other Side Of The Atlantic.

No Production Without A Need. But Consumption Reproduces The Need.

A Heavy Progressive Or Graduated Income Tax.

An Object Of Art Creates A Public Capable Of Finding Pleasure In Its Beauty. Production, Therefore, Not Only Produces An Object For The Subject, But Also A Subject For The Object.

By The Aristocracy Of Finance Must Here Be Understood Not Merely The Great Loan Promoters And Speculators In Public Funds, In Regard To Whom It Is Immediately Obvious That Their Interests Coincide With The Interests Of The State Power. All Modern Finance, The Whole Of The Banking Business, Is Interwoven In The Closest Fashion With Public Credit.

Constant Labor Of One Uniform Kind Destroys The Intensity And Flow Of A Man's Animal Spirits, Which Find Recreation And Delight In Mere Change Of Activity.

Science And Democracy Are The Right And Left Hands Of What I'll Refer To As The Move From The Realm Of Necessity To The Realm Of Freedom.

Accumulate, Accumulate! This Is Moses And The Prophets!

Men's Ideas Are The Most Direct Emanations Of Their Material State.

In Short, Competition Has To Shoulder The Responsibility Of Explaining All The Meaningless Ideas Of The Economists, Whereas It Should Rather Be The Economists Who Explain Competition.

There Are, Besides, Eternal Truths, Such As Freedom, , Etc., That Are Common To All States Of Society. But Communism Abolishes Eternal Truths, It Abolishes All Religion, And All Morality, Instead Of Constituting Them On A New Basis; It Therefore Acts In Contradiction To All Past Historical Experience.

In The Domain Of Political Economy, Free Scientific Inquiry Meets Not Merely The Same Enemies As In All Other Domains. The Peculiar Nature Of The Material It Deals With, Summons As Foes Into The Field Of Battle The Most Violent, Mean And Malignant Passions Of The Human Breast, The Furies Of Private Interest.

The Capitalist Mode Of Production And Accumulation, And Therefore Capitalist Private Property, Have For Their Fundamental Condition The Annihilation Of Self-earned Private Property: In Other Words, The Expropriation Of The Labourer.

Society Does Not Consist Of Individuals But Expresses The Sum Of Interrelations, The Relations Within Which These Individuals Stand.

All Science Would Be Superfluous If The Outward Appearance And The Essence Of Things Directly Coincided.

Free Education For All Children In Public Schools... Combination Of Education With Industrial Production

The Working Class Is Revolutionary Or It Is Nothing.

It Appears Then, That Capitalist Production Comprises Conditions Independent Of Good Or Bad Will, Conditions Which Permit The Working-class To Enjoy That Relative Prosperity Only Momentarily, And At That Always Only As The Harbinger Of A Coming Crisis.

In A Word, The Free Trade System Hastens The Social Revolution. It Is In This Revolutionary Sense Alone, Gentlemen, That I Vote In Favor Of Free Trade.

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