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Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops Technology, And The Combining Together Of Various Processes Into A Social Whole, Only By Sapping The Original Sources Of All Wealth - The Soil And The Labourer.

-Karl Marx

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Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops

Karl Marx

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Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops Technology, And The Combining Together Of Various Processes Into A Social Whole, Only By Sapping The Original Sources Of All Wealth - The Soil And The Labourer.

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Landlords, Like All Other Men, Love To Reap Where They Never Sowed.

On A Level Plain, Simple Mounds Look Like Hills; And The Insipid Flatness Of Our Present Bourgeoisie Is To Be Measured By The Altitude Of Its Great Intellects.

Each Piece Of Money Is A Mere Coin, Or Means Of Circulation, Only So Long As It Actually Circulates.

Every Provisional Political Set-up Following A Revolution Requires A Dictatorship, And An Energetic Dictatorship At That.

There Is A Physical Relation Between Physical Things. But It Is Different With Commodities.

As The Chosen People Bore In Their Features The Sign Manual Of Jehovah , So The Division Of Labour Brands The Manufacturing Workman As The Property Of Capital .

The Entire So-called History Of The World Is Nothing But The Creation Of Man Through Human Labor.

Creation Of Man

Men Can See Nothing Around Them That Is Not Their Own Image; Everything Speaks To Them Of Themselves. Their Very Landscape Is Alive.

To Discover The Various Use Of Things Is The Work Of History.

If This Labourer Were In Possession Of His Own Means Of Production, And Was Satisfied To Live As A Labourer, He Need Not Work Beyond Beyond The Time Necessary For The Reproduction Of His Means Of Subsistence, Say 8 Hours A Day.

Labor Produces Marvels For The Rich But It Produces Deprivation For The Worker. It Produces Palaces, But Hovels For The Worker. It Produces Beauty, But Deformity For The Worker. It Replaces Labor By Machines, But It Throws One Section Of The Workers Back To Barbaric Labor, And It Turns The Remainder Into Machines.

The Capitalist Mode Of Production And Accumulation, And Therefore Capitalist Private Property, Have For Their Fundamental Condition The Annihilation Of Self-earned Private Property: In Other Words, The Expropriation Of The Labourer.

The Ideas Of The Ruling Class Are In Every Epoch The Ruling Ideas, I.e., The Class Which Is The Ruling Material Force Of Society, Is At The Same Time Its Ruling Intellectual Force.

The Proletarians Have Nothing To Loose But Their Chains. They Have A World To Win.

In This Sense, The Theory Of The Communists May Be Summed Up In The Single Sentence: Abolition Of Private Property. - Manifesto Of The Communist Party

Without Doubt, Machinery Has Greatly Increased The Number Of Well-to-do Idlers.

In The National Struggles Of The Proletarians Of The Different Countries, They Point Out And Bring To The Front The Common Interest Of The Entire Proletariat, Independently Of All Nationality.

While The Miser Is Merely A Capitalist Gone Mad, The Capitalist Is A Rational Miser.

Constant Labor Of One Uniform Kind Destroys The Intensity And Flow Of A Man's Animal Spirits, Which Find Recreation And Delight In Mere Change Of Activity.

In My Free Time I Do Differential And Integral Calculus.

Integral Calculus

If You Can Cut The People Off From Their History, Then They Can Be Easily Persuaded.

The Working Class Is Revolutionary Or It Is Nothing.

Let Us Consider The Actual, Worldly Jew - Not The Sabbath Jew, As Bauer Does, But The Everyday Jew. ... What Is The Worldly Religion Of The Jew? Huckstering. What Is His Worldly God? Money. Money Is The Jealous God Of Israel, In Face Of Which No Other God May Exist. Money Degrades All The Gods Of Man - And Turns Them Into Commodities. The Bill Of Exchange Is The Real God Of The Jew. His God Is Only An Illusory Bill Of Exchange. The Chimerical Nationality Of The Jew Is The Nationality Of The Merchant, Of The Man Of Money In General.

Merely Quantitative Differences, Beyond A Certain Point, Pass Into Qualitative Changes.

It Appears Then, That Capitalist Production Comprises Conditions Independent Of Good Or Bad Will, Conditions Which Permit The Working-class To Enjoy That Relative Prosperity Only Momentarily, And At That Always Only As The Harbinger Of A Coming Crisis.

He Who Before Was The Money Owner, Now Strides In Front As Capitalist; The Possessor Of Labor-power Follows As His Laborer. The One With An Air Of Importance, Smirking, Intent On Business; The Other Hesitant, Like One Who Is Bringing His Own Hide To Market And Has Nothing To Expect But A Hiding.

The State Is The Executive Committee Of The Ruling Class.

If I Negate Powdered Wigs, I Am Still Left With Unpowdered Wigs.

Christ Represents Originally: 1) Men Before God; 2) God For Men; 3) Men To Man. Similarly, Money Represents Originally, In Accordance With The Idea Of Money: 1) Private Property For Private Property; 2) Society For Private Property; 3) Private Property For Society. But Christ Is Alienated God And Alienated Man. God Has Value Only Insofar As He Represents Christ, And Man Has Value Only Insofar As He Represents Christ. It Is The Same With Money.

The Existence Of The State Is Inseparable From The Existence Of Slavery.

But The More These Conscious Illusions Of The Ruling Class Are Shown To Be False And The Less They Satisfy Common Sense, The More Dogmatically They Are Asserted And The More Deceitful, Moralizing And Spiritual Becomes The Language Of Established Society.

Under The Ideal Measure Of Values There Lurks The Hard Cash.

Social Consciousness

The Development Of Civilization And Industry In General Has Always Shown Itself So Active In The Destruction Of Forests That Everything That Has Been Done For Their Conservation And Production Is Completely Insignificant In Comparison.

The Object Of Art Like Every Other Product Creates A Public Which Is Sensitive To Art And Enjoys Beauty.

The Materialist Doctrine That Men Are Products Of Circumstances And Upbringing, And That, Therefore, Changed Men Are Products Of Other Circumstances And Changed Upbrinding, Forgets That It Is Men That Change Circumstances And That The Educator Himself Needs Educating.

I Am A Machine, Condemned To Devour Them And Then, Throw Them, In A Changed Form, On The Dunghill Of History.

The World Will Be For The Common People, And The Sounds Of Happiness Will Reach Even The Deepest Springs.

To Destroy Christianity, We Must First Destroy The British Empire.

So Long As The Product Is Sold, Everything Is Taking Its Regular Course From The Standpoint Of The Capitalist Producer.

May The Devil Take These Peoples Movements, Especially When They Are 'peaceful'.

The Unity Of The Bourgeoisie Can Be Shaken Only By The Unity Of The Proletariat.

...the Very Cannibalism Of The Counterrevolution Will Convince The Nations That There Is Only One Way In Which The Murderous Death Agonies Of The Old Society And The Bloody Birth Throes Of The New Society Can Be Shortened, Simplified And Concentrated, And That Way Is Revolutionary Terror.

All Science Would Be Superfluous If The Outward Appearance And The Essence Of Things Directly Coincided.

Nothing Is Easier Than To Give Christian Asceticism A Socialist Tinge.

Capital Is Reckless Of The Health Or Length Of Life Of The Laborer, Unless Under Compulsion From Society.

Under No Pretext Should Arms And Ammunition Be Surrendered; Any Attempt To Disarm The Workers Must Be Frustrated, By Force If Necessary.

[napoleon] Swept Away Everywhere The Establishments Of Feudality. ... [he Was] Caesar Himself.

When Commercial Capital Occupies A Position Of Unquestioned Ascendancy, It Everywhere Constitutes A System Of Plunder.

In All Of Human History No Country Or No People Have Suffered Such Terrible Slavery, Conquest And Foreign Oppression And No Country And No People Have Struggled So Strenuously For Their Emancipation Than Sicily And The Sicilians.

Science And Democracy Are The Right And Left Hands Of What I'll Refer To As The Move From The Realm Of Necessity To The Realm Of Freedom.

Value, Therefore, Does Not Stalk About With A Label Describing What It Is.

Once The Inner Connection Is Grasped, All Theoretical Belief In The Permanent Necessity Of Existing Conditions Collapses Before Their Collapse In Practice -- Letter To Ludwig Kugelmann (july 11, 1868)

Political Economy Regards The Proletarian Like A Horse, He Must Receive Enough To Enable Him To Work. It Does Not Consider Him, During The Time When He Is Not Working, As A Human Being. It Leaves This To Criminal Law, Doctors, Religion, Statistical Tables, Politics, And The Beadle.

Capital Is Money, Capital Is Commodities. By Virtue Of It Being Value, It Has Acquired The Occult Ability To Add Value To Itself. It Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or, At The Least, Lays Golden Eggs.

Advances In Science Help To Delegitimize The Rule Of Kings And The Power Of The Church.

All Forms Of The State Have Democracy For Their Truth, And For That Reason Are False To The Extent That They Are Not Democracy

In Reality, The Labourer Belongs To Capital Before He Has Sold Himself To Capital.

In Proportion Therefore, As The Repulsiveness Of The Work Increases, The Wage Decreases.

Communist Manifesto

But There Is A Devil Of A Difference Between Barbarians Who Are Fit By Nature To Be Used For Anything, And Civilized People Who Apply Them Selves To Everything.

The Social Principles Of Christianity Preach Cowardice, Self-contempt, Abasement, Submission, Humility, In A Word All The Qualities Of The Canaille

There Is One Great Fact, Characteristic Of This Our Nineteenth Century, A Fact Which No Party Dares Deny. On The One Hand, There Have Started Into Life Industrial And Scientific Forces Which No Epoch Of Former Human History Had Ever Suspected. On The Other Hand, There Exist Symptoms Of Decay, Far Surpassing The Horrors Recorded Of The Latter Times Of The Roman Empire. In Our Days Everything Seems Pregnant With Its Contrary.

Philosophy Stands In The Same Relation To The Study Of The Actual World As Masturbation To Sexual Love.

The Unity Is Brought About By Force .

History Calls Those Men The Greatest Who Have Ennobled Themselves By Working For The Common Good; Experience Acclaims As Happiest The Man Who Has Made The Greatest Number Of People Happy.

If Emancipation Of The Working Classes Requires Their Fraternal Conncurrence, How Are They To Fulfill That Great Mission With A Foreign Policy In Pursuit Of Criminal Designs, Playing Upon National Prejudices, And Squandering In Piratical Wars The People's Blood And Treasure? It Was Not The Wisdom Of The Ruling Classes, But The Heroic Resistance To Their Criminal Folly By The Working Classes Of England, That Saved The West Of Europe From Plunging Headlong Into An Infamous Crusade For The Propagation Of Slavery On The Other Side Of The Atlantic.

What I Did That Was New Was To Prove That The Existence Of Classes Is Only Bound Up With Particular, Historical Phases In The Development Of Production; That The Class Struggle Necessarily Leads To The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat; And That Dictatorship Itself Only Constitutes The Transition To The Abolition Of All Classes And To A Classless Society.

The Less You Eat, Drink And Read Books; The Less You Go To The Theatre, The Dance Hall, The Public House; The Less You Think, Love, Theorize, Sing, Paint, Fence, Etc., The More You Save-the Greater Becomes Your Treasure Which Neither Moths Nor Dust Will Devour-your Capital. The Less You Are, The More You Have; The Less You Express Your Own Life, The Greater Is Your Alienated Life-the Greater Is The Store Of Your Estranged Being.

In The Various Stages Of Development Which The Struggle Of Working Class Against The Bourgeoisie Has To Pass Through, They Always And Everywhere Represent The Interests Of The Movement As A Whole.

Music Is The Mirror Of Reality.

It Has Drowned The Most Heavenly Ecstasies Of Religious Fervour, Of Chivalrous Enthusiasm, Of Philistine Sentimentalism, In The Icy Water Of Egotistical Calculation. It Has Resolved Personal Worth Into Exchange Value, And In Place Of Numberless Indefeasible Chartered Freedoms, It Has Set Up That Single, Unconscionable Freedom -- Free Trade. In One Word, For Exploitation, Veiled By Religious And Political Illusions, It Has Substituted Naked, Shameless, Direct, Brutal Exploitation.

All Social Life Is Essentially Practical. All Mysterious Which Lead Theory To Mysticism Find Their Rational Solution In Human Practice And In The Comprehension Of The Practice.

Is A Fixed Income Not A Good Thing? Does Not Everyone Love To Count On A Sure Thing? Especially Every Petty-bourgeois, Narrow-minded Frenchman? The 'ever Needy' Man?

In The Eyes Of Dialectical Philosophy, Nothing Is Established For All Times, Nothing Is Absolute Or Sacred.

The Executive Of The Modern State Is But A Committee For Managing The Common Affairs Of The Whole Bourgeoisie.

Nature Is Man's Inorganic Body -- That Is To Say, Nature Insofar As It Is Not The Human Body. Man Lives From Nature -- I.e., Nature Is His Body -- And He Must Maintain A Continuing Dialogue With It Is He Is Not To Die. To Say That Man's Physical And Mental Life Is Linked To Nature Simply Means That Nature Is Linked To Itself, For Man Is A Part Of Nature.

The Burgeoisie, By The Rapid Improvement Of All Instruments Of Production, By The Immensely Facilitated Means Of Communication, Draws All Nations Into Civilization.

Beauty Is The Main Positive Form Of The Aesthetic Assimilation Of Reality, In Which Aesthetic Ideal Finds It Direct Expression.

One Of The Most Difficult Tasks Confronting Philosophers Is To Descend From The World Of Thought To The Actual World.

History Repeats Itself, The First As Tragedy, Then As Farce.

The Way People Get Their Living Determines Their Social Outlook.

Modern Bourgeois Society With Its Relations Of Production, Of Exchange, And Of Property, A Society That Has Conjured Up Such Gigantic Means Of Production And Of Exchange, Is Like The Sorcerer, Who Is No Longer Able To Control The Powers Of The Nether World Whom He Has Called Up By His Spells.

Perseus Wore A Magic Cap That The Monsters He Hunted Down Might Not See Him. We Draw The Magic Cap Down Over Eyes And Ears As A Make-believe That There Are No Monsters.

The Tories In England Had Long Imagined That They Were Enthusiastic About The Monarchy, The Church And Beauties Of The Old English Constitution, Until The Day Of Danger Wrung From Them The Confession That They Are Enthusiastic Only About Rent.

The Communists Disdain To Conceal Their Views And Aims. They Open Declare That Their Ends Can Be Attained Only By The Forcible Overthrow Of All Existing Social Conditions. Let The Ruling Classes Tremble At A Communistic Revolution. The Proletarians Have Nothing To Lose But Their Chains. They Have A World To Win. Working Men Of All Countries, Unite!

The Ideas Of The Ruling Class Are In Every Epoch The Ruling Ideas, I.e. The Class Which Is The Ruling Material Force Of Society, Is At The Same Time Its Ruling Intellectual Force. The Class Which Has The Means Of Material Production At Its Disposal, Has Control At The Same Time Over The Means Of Mental Production, So That Thereby, Generally Speaking, The Ideas Of Those Who Lack The Means Of Mental Production Are Subject To It. The Ruling Ideas Are Nothing More Than The Ideal Expression Of The Dominant Material Relationships, The Dominant Material Relationships Grasped As Ideas.

Wages Are Determined By The Bitter Struggle Between Capitalist And Worker.

The Full Man Does Not Understand The Wants Of The Hungry

Experience Praises The Most Happy The One Who Made The Most People Happy.

Be Aware That The Reward For Labour, And Quantity Of Labour, Are Quite Disparate Things.

Scientific Truth Is Always Paradox, If Judged By Everyday Experience, Which Catches Only The Delusive Appearance Of Things.

One Capitalist Always Kills Many.

The More The Division Of Labor And The Application Of Machinery Extend, The More Does Competition Extend Among The Workers, The More Do Their Wages Shrink Together.

Division Of Labor

Moments Are The Elements Of Profit

The English Have All The Material Requisites For The Revolution. What They Lack Is The Spirit Of Generalization And Revolutionary Ardour.

The Most Interesting Acquaintanceship I Have Struck Up Here Is That Of Colonel Lapinski. He Is Without Doubt The Cleverest Pole - Besides Being An Homme D'action [man Of Action] - That I Have Ever Met. His Sympathies Are All On The German Side, Though In Manners And Speech He Is Also A Frenchman. He Cares Nothing For The Struggle Of Nationalities And Only Knows The Racial Struggle. He Hates All Orientals, Among Whom He Numbers Russians Turks, Greeks, Armenians, Etc., With Equal Impartiality.... His Aim Now Is To Raise A German Legion In London.

I Am Nothing But I Must Be Everything.

Capitalist Agricultural Production Prevents The Return To The Soil Of Its Elements Consumed By Man In The Form Of Food And Clothing; It Therefore Violates The Conditions Necessary To Lasting Fertility Of The Soil. By This Action It Destroys At The Same Time The Health Of The Town Labourer And The Intellectual Life Of The Rural Labourer.

In Proportion As The Bourgeoisie, I.e., Capital, Is Developed, In The Same Proportion Is The Proletariat, The Modern Working Class, Developed - A Class Of Labourers, Who Live Only So Long As They Find Work, And Who Find Work Only So Long As Their Labour Increases Capital. These Labourers, Who Must Sell Themselves Piecemeal, Are A Commodity, Like Every Other Article Of Commerce, And Are Consequently Exposed To All The Vicissitudes Of Competition, To All The Fluctuations Of The Market.

...the French Revolution Gave Rise To Ideas Which Led Beyond The Ideas Of The Entire Old World Order. The Revolutionary Movement Which Began In 1789... Gave Rise To The Communist Idea Which Babeuf's Friend Buonarroti Re-introduced In France After The Revolution Of 1830. This Idea, Consistently Developed, Is The Idea Of The New World Order.

The French Need A Thrashing. If The Prussians Win, The Centralization Of State Power Will Be Useful For The Centralization Of The German Working Class. German Predominance Would Also Transfer The Center Of Gravity Of The Workers' Movement In Western Europe From France To Germany, And One Has Only To Compare The Movement In The Two Countries From 1866 Until Now To See That The German Working Class Is Superior To The French Both Theoretically And Organizationally.

We Know That Violent Measures Against Religion Are Nonsense; But This Is An Opinion: As Socialism Grows, Religion Will Disappear. Its Disappearance Must Be Done By Social Development, In Which Education Must Play A Part.

Workers Of The World Unite; You Have Nothing To Lose But Your Chains.

Communist Manifesto

I Pre-suppose, Of Course, A Reader Who Is Willing To Learn Something New And Therefore To Think For Himself.

Philosophy Studies The World, But The Point Is To Change It.

Colonial System, Public Debts, Heavy Taxes, Protection, Commercial Wars, Etc., These Offshoots Of The Period Of Manufacture Swell To Gigantic Proportions During The Period Of Infancy Of Large-scale Industry. The Birth Of The Latter Is Celebrated By A Vast, Hero-like Slaughter Of The Innocents.

Every Emancipation Is A Restoration Of The Human World And Of Human Relationships To A Man Himself.

There Are No Circumstances Imaginable, Not Even Victory, Under Which The Proletariat Should Give Up Its Possession Of Arms.

The Theory Of Communism May Be Summed Up In One Sentence: Abolish All Private Property.

Luxury Is The Opposite Of The Naturally Necessary.

In The United States Of North America, Every Independent Movement Of The Workers Was Paralysed So Long As Slavery Disfigured A Part Of The Republic. Labour Cannot Emancipate Itself In The White Skin Where In The Black It Is Branded.

The More Of Himself Man Attributes To God, The Less He Has Left In Himself.

Hazrat Mahal, Begum Of Oudh, During The National Liberation Uprising Of 1857-59 In India Headed The Rebels.

Social Progress Can Be Measured Exactly By The Social Position Of The Fair Sex.

The English Established Church... Will More Readily Pardon An Attack On 38 Of Its 39 Articles Than On 1/39 Of Its Income.

What The Bourgeoisie Therefore Produces, Above All, Are Its Own Grave-diggers. Its Fall And The Victory Of The Proletariat Are Equally Inevitable.

Society Is Undergoing A Silent Revolution, Which Must Be Submitted To, And Which Takes No More Notice Of The Human Existences It Breaks Down Than An Earthquake Regards The Houses It Subverts. The Classes And The Races, Too Weak To Master The New Conditions Of Life, Must Give Way.

A Commodity Has A Value Because It Is A Crystallization Of Social Labor. The Greatness Of Its Value, Or Its Relative Value, Depends Upon The Greater Or Less Amount Of That Social Substance Contained In It; That Is To Say, On The Relative Mass Of Labor Necessary For Its Production.

2 Is A Proletariat Prime, But 4, 6 And 8 Are Also Composite Proletariats. Composites Of The World Unite; You Have Nothing To Lose But Your Chains!

Nothing To Lose

From Each According To His Abilities, To Each According To His Needs.

In The Bureaucracy, The Identity Of State Interest And Particular Private Aim Is Established In Such A Way That The State Interest Becomes A Particular Private Aim Over Against Other Private Aims.

The Democratic Concept Of Man Is False, Because It Is Christian. The Democratic Concept Holds That . . . Each Man Is A Sovereign Being. This Is The Illusion, Dream, And Postulate Of Christianity.

Natural Science Will In Time Incorporate Into Itself The Science Of Man, Just As The Science Of Man Will Incorporate Into Itself Natural Science: There Will Be One Science.

Democracy Is The Road To Socialism.

The Leading Princes Are The Most Servile Tools Of English Despotism. . . . The Native Princes Are The Stronghold Of The Present Abominable English System.

Do Not Be Deluded By The Abstract Word Freedom. Whose Freedom? Not The Freedom Of One Individual In Relation To Another, But Freedom Of Capital To Crush The Worker.

The Bourgeoisie Of The Whole World, Which Looks Complacently Upon The Wholesale Massacre After The Battle, Is Convulsed By Horror At The Desecration Of Brick And Mortar.

Bricks And Mortar

This Young Lady, Who Instantly Overwhelmed Me With Her Kindness, Is The Ugliest Creature I Have Seen In My Entire Life, With Repulsive Jewish Facial Features.

Religion Is The Opium Of The Masses.

Modern Society, Which, Soon After Its Birth, Pulled Plutus By The Hair Of His Head From The Bowels Of The Earth, Greets Gold As Its Holy Grail, As The Glittering Incarnation Of The Very Principle Of Its Own Life.

Only In Community With Others Has Each Individual The Means Of Cultivating His Gifts In All Directions; Only In The Community, Therefore, Is Personal Freedom Possible.

Nothing Can Have Value Without Being An Object Of Utility.

Each Pursues His Private Interest And Only His Private Interest; And Thereby Serves The Private Interests Of All, The General Interest, Without Willing It Or Knowing It. The Real Point Is Not That Each Individual's Pursuit Of His Private Interest Promotes The Totality Of Private Interests, The General Interest. One Could Just As Well Deduce From This Abstract Phrase That Each Individual Reciprocally Blocks The Assertion Of The Others' Interests, So That, Instead Of A General Affirmation, This War Of All Against All Produces A General Negation.

Art Is Always And Everywhere The Secret Confession, And At The Same Time The Immortal Movement Of Its Time.

The Meaning Of Peace Is The Absence Of Opposition To Socialism.

Wherever The Want Of Clothing Forced Them To It, The Human Race Made Clothes For Thousands Of Years, Without A Single Man Becoming A Tailor.

The National Debt Has Given Rise To Joint Stock Companies, To Dealings In Negotiable Effects Of All Kinds, And To Agiotage , In A Word To Stock-exchange Gambling And The Modern Bankocracy .

Greek Philosophy Seems To Have Met With Something With Which A Good Tragedy Is Not Supposed To Meet, Namely, A Dull Ending.

The Only Antidote To Mental Suffering Is Physical Pain.

No Sooner Is The Exploitation Of The Labourer By The Manufacturer, So Far, At An End, That He Receives His Wages In Cash, Than He Is Set Upon By The Other Portions Of The Bourgeoisie, The Landlord, The Shopkeeper, The Pawnbroker, Etc.

When The Sufferers Learn To Think, Then The Thinkers Will Learn To Suffer.

Communism Begins Where Atheism Begins.

The Human Being Is In The Most Literal Sense A Political Animal, Not Merely A Gregarious Animal, But An Animal Which Can Individuate Itself Only In The Midst Of Society.

I Wish To Avenge Myself Against The One Who Rules Above.

All Social Rules And All Relations Between Individuals Are Eroded By A Cash Economy, Avarice Drags Pluto Himself Out Of The Bowels Of The Earth.

All I Know Is That I Am Not A Marxist.

Religion Is The Sigh Of The Oppressed Creature, The Heart Of A Heartless World, And The Soul Of Soulless Conditions. It Is The Opium Of The People.

Every Beginning Is Difficult, Holds In All Sciences.

The True Law Of Economics Is Chance, And We Learned People Arbitrarily Seize On A Few Moments And Establish Them As Laws.

In Capitalist Society Spare Time Is Acquired For One Class By Converting The Whole Life-time Of The Masses Into Labour-time.

Anyone Who Knows Anything Of History Knows That Great Social Changes Are Impossible Without Feminine Upheaval. Social Progress Can Be Measured Exactly By The Social Position Of The Fair Sex, The Ugly Ones Included.

Religion Is Only The Illusory Sun Which Revolves Round Man As Long As He Does Not Revolve Round Himself.

The Bureaucracy Is A Circle From Which One Cannot Escape. Its Hierarchy Is A Hierarchy Of Knowledge. The Top Entrusts The Understanding Of Detail To The Lower Levels, Whilst The Lower Levels Credit The Top With Understanding Of The General, And So All Are Mutually Deceived.

We Will Hang The Capitalists With The Rope That They Sell Us.

The Bureaucracy Is A Circle From Which No One Can Escape. Its Hierarchy Is A Hierarchy Of Knowledge.

Under Private Property, Each Tries To Establish Over The Other An Alien Power, So As Thereby To Find Satisfaction Of His Own Selfish Need. The Increase In The Quantity Of Objects Is Therefore Accompanied By An Extension Of The Realm Of The Alien Powers To Which Man Is Subjected, And Every New Product Represents A New Potentiality Of Mutual Swindling And Mutual Plundering.

Capital Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or At The Least, Lays The Golden Eggs.

Civil Servants And Priests, Soldiers And Ballet-dancers, Schoolmasters And Police Constables, Greek Museums And Gothic Steeples, Civil List And Services List -- The Common Seed Within Which All These Fabulous Beings Slumber In Embryo Is Taxation.

Private Property Has Made Us So Stupid And One-sided That An Object Is Only Ours When We Have It

Revolutions Are The Locomotives Of History.

No Production Without A Need. But Consumption Reproduces The Need.

[the Career A Young Man Should Choose Should Be] One That Is Most Consonant With Our Dignity, One That Is Based On Ideas Of Whose Truth We Are Wholly Convinced, One That Offers Us Largest Scope In Working For Humanity And Approaching That General Goal Towards Which Each Profession Offers Only One Of The Means: The Goal Of Perfection ... If He Works Only For Himself He Can Become A Famous Scholar, A Great Sage, An Excellent Imaginative Writer [ Dichter ], But Never A Perfected, A Truly Great Man.

Even An Entire Society, A Nation, Or All Simultaneously Existing Societies Taken Together, Are Not Owners Of The Earth. They Are Simply Its Possessors, Its Beneficiaries, And Have To Bequeath It In An Improved State To Succeeding Generations.

The Task Is Not Just To Understand The World But To Change It.

A Spider Conducts Operations That Resemble Those Of A Weaver, And A Bee Puts To Shame Many An Architect In The Construction Of Her Cells. But What Distinguishes The Worst Architect From The Best Of Bees Is This, That The Architect Raises His Structure In Imagination Before He Erects It In Reality.

As The Variable Capital Always Stays In The Hands Of The Capitalist In Some Form Or Other, It Cannot Be Claimed In Any Way That It Converts Itself Into Revenue For Anyone .

Since Only What Is Material Is Perceptible, Knowable, Nothing Is Known Of The Existence Of God.

Existence Of God

...the Realm Of Freedom Does Not Commence Until The Point Is Passed Where Labor Under The Compulsion Of Necessity And Of External Utility Is Required.

Communism Is The Riddle Of History Solved, And It Knows Itself To Be This Solution.

Communist Manifesto

The Monopoly Of Capital Becomes A Fetter Upon The Mode Of Production, Which Has Sprung Up And Flourished Along With, And Under It. Centralisation Of The Means Of Production And Socialisation Of Labour At Last Reach A Point Where They Become Incompatible With There Capitalist Integument. This Integument Is Burst Asunder. The Knell Of Capitalist Private Property Sounds. The Expropriators Are Expropriated.

Work Is External To The Worker. . . . It Is Not Part Of His Nature; Consequently He Does Not Fulfill Himself In His Work But Denies Himself. . . . The Worker Therefore Feels Himself At Home Only During His Leisure Time, Whereas At Work He Feels Homeless.

Both For The Production On A Mass Scale Of This Communist Consciousness, And For The Success Of The Cause Itself, The Alteration Of Men On A Mass Scale Is Necessary, An Alteration Which Can Only Take Place In A Practical Movement, A Revolution; This Revolution Is Necessary, Therefore, Not Only Because The Ruling Class Cannot Be Overthrown In Any Other Way, But Also Because The Class Overthrowing It Can Only In A Revolution Succeed In Ridding Itself Of All The Muck Of Ages And Become Fitted To Found Society Anew.

It Is Not The Consciousness Of Men That Determines Their Being, But, On The Contrary, Their Social Being That Determines Their Consciousness.

Communist Manifesto

All Our Inventions Have Endowed Material Forces With Intellectual Life, And Degraded Human Life Into A Material Force.

The Communists Have No Need To Introduce Free Love; It Has Existed Almost From Time Immemorial.

Labor In The White Skin Can Never Free Itself As Long As Labor In The Black Skin Is Branded.

A People Without A Heritage Are Easily Persuaded.

The Writer May Very Well Serve A Movement Of History As Its Mouthpiece, But He Cannot Of Course Create It.

The Directing Motive, The End And Aim Of Capitalist Production, Is To Extract The Greatest Possible Amount Of Surplus Value, And Consequently To Exploit Labor-power To The Greatest Possible Extent.

In Order To Arouse Sympathy, The Aristocracy Was Obliged To Lose Sight, Apparently, Of Its Own Interests, And To Formulate Its Indictment Against The Bourgeoisie In The Interest Of The Exploited Working Class Alone. Thus, The Aristocracy Took Their Revenge By Singing Lampoons On Their New Masters And Whispering In His Ears Sinister Prophesies Of Coming Catastrophe.

...the Communists Everywhere Support Every Revolutionary Movement Against The Existing Social And Political Order Of Things... They Openly Declare That Their Ends Can Be Attained Only By The Forcible Overthrow Of All Existing Social Conditions.

In A Word, The Free Trade System Hastens The Social Revolution. It Is In This Revolutionary Sense Alone, Gentlemen, That I Vote In Favor Of Free Trade.

Constant Revolutionizing Of Production, Uninterrupted Disturbance Of All Social Conditions, Everlasting Uncertainty And Agitation Distinguish The Bourgeosis Epoch From All Earlier Ones.

Communist Manifesto

The Consciousness Of The Past Weighs Like A Nightmare On The Brain Of The Living.

The Jews Of Poland Are The Smeariest Of All Races.

We Have No Compassion And We Ask No Compassion From You. When Our Turn Comes, We Shall Not Make Excuses For The Terror.

Religion Is The Balm Of The People.

Medicine Heals Doubts As Well As Diseases.

There Is No Royal Road To Science, And Only Those Who Do Not Dread The Fatiguing Climb Of Its Steep Paths Have A Chance Of Gaining Its Luminous Summits. (preface To The French Edition).

The Aggregate Capital Appears As The Capital Stock Of All Individual Capitalists Combined. This Joint Stock Company Has In Common With Many Other Stock Companies That Everyone Knows What He Puts In, But Not What He Will Get Out Of It.

The First Premise Of All Human History Is, Of Course, The Existence Of Living Human Individuals. Thus The First Fact To Be Established Is The Physical Organisation Of These Individuals And Their Consequent Relation To The Rest Of Nature.

If One Wants To Be An Ox One Can Easily Turn One's Back On Hum Suffering And Look After One's Own Skin.

Price, Taken By Itself, Is Nothing But The Monetary Expression Of Value.

The Worker Puts His Life Into The Object; But Now It No Longer Belongs To Him, It Belongs To The Object.

The Weapon Of Criticism Can Never Replace The Criticism Of Weapons.

Money Does Not Arise By Convention, Any More Than The State Does. It Arises Out Of Exchange, And Arises Naturally Out Of Exchange; It Is A Product Of The Same.

In Proportion As Capital Accumulates, The Lot Of The Laborer, Be His Payment High Or Low, Must Grow Worse.

The Product Of Mental Labor - Science - Always Stands Far Below Its Value, Because The Labor-time Necessary To Reproduce It Has No Relation At All To The Labor-time Required For Its Original Production.

The Fact That Labour Is External To The Worker, I.e., It Does Not Belong To His Intrinsic Nature; That In His Work, Therefore He Does Not Affirm Himself But Denies Himself, Does Not Feel Content But Unhappy, Does Not Develop Freely His Physical And Mental Energy But Mortifies His Body And His Mind. The Worker Therefore Only Feels Himself Outside His Work, And In His Work Feels Outside Himself.

The Discovery Of Gold And Silver In America, The Extirpation, Enslavement And Entombment In Mines Of The Aboriginal Population, The Turning Of Africa Into A Warren For The Commercial Hunting Of Black-skins, Signalised The Rosy Dawn Of The Era Of Capitalist Production.

A Great Deal Of Capital, Which Appears To-day In The United States Without Any Certificate Of Birth, Was Yesterday, In England, The Capitalised Blood Of Children.

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George P. Shultz

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