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The Ideas Of The Ruling Class Are In Every Epoch The Ruling Ideas, I.e. The Class Which Is The Ruling Material Force Of Society, Is At The Same Time Its Ruling Intellectual Force. The Class Which Has The Means Of Material Production At Its Disposal, Has Control At The Same Time Over The Means Of Mental Production, So That Thereby, Generally Speaking, The Ideas Of Those Who Lack The Means Of Mental Production Are Subject To It. The Ruling Ideas Are Nothing More Than The Ideal Expression Of The Dominant Material Relationships, The Dominant Material Relationships Grasped As Ideas.

-Karl Marx

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The Ideas Of The

Karl Marx

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The Ideas Of The Ruling Class Are In Every Epoch The Ruling Ideas, I.e. The Class Which Is The Ruling Material Force Of Society, Is At The Same Time Its Ruling Intellectual Force. The Class Which Has The Means Of Material Production At Its Disposal, Has Control At The Same Time Over The Means Of Mental Production, So That Thereby, Generally Speaking, The Ideas Of Those Who Lack The Means Of Mental Production Are Subject To It. The Ruling Ideas Are Nothing More Than The Ideal Expression Of The Dominant Material Relationships, The Dominant Material Relationships Grasped As Ideas.

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In Communist Society, Where Nobody Has One Exclusive Sphere Of Activity But Each Can Become Accomplished In Any Branch He Wishes, Society Regulates The General Production And Thus Makes It Possible For Me To Do One Thing Today And Another Tomorrow, To Hunt In The Morning, Fish In The Afternoon, Rear Cattle In The Evening, Criticize After Dinner, Just As I Have A Mind, Without Ever Becoming Hunter, Fisherman, Shepherd Or Critic.

It Might Otherwise Appear Paradoxical That Money Can Be Replaced By Worthless Paper; But That The Slightest Alloying Of Its Metallic Content Depreciates It.

As For Slavery, There Is No Need For Me To Speak Of Its Bad Aspects. The Only Thing Requiring Explanation Is The Good Side Of Slavery. I Do Not Mean Indirect Slavery, The Slavery Of Proletariat; I Mean Direct Slavery, The Slavery Of The Blacks In Surinam, In Brazil, In The Southern Regions Of North America. Direct Slavery Is As Much The Pivot Upon Which Our Present-day Industrialism Turns As Are Machinery, Credit, Etc. … Slavery Is Therefore An Economic Category Of Paramount Importance.

The Directing Motive, The End And Aim Of Capitalist Production, Is To Extract The Greatest Possible Amount Of Surplus Value, And Consequently To Exploit Labor-power To The Greatest Possible Extent.

The Circulation Of Commodities Is The Original Precondition Of The Circulation Of Money.

Criticism Has Plucked The Imaginary Flowers On The Chain Not In Order That Man Shall Continue To Bear That Chain Without Fantasy Or Consolation, But So That He Shall Throw Off The Chain And Pluck The Living Flower. The Criticism Of Religion Disillusions Man, So That He Will Think, Act, And Fashion His Reality Like A Man Who Has Discarded His Illusions And Regained His Senses, So That He Will Move Around Himself As His Own True Sun. Religion Is Only The Illusory Sun Which Revolves Around Man As Long As He Does Not Revolve Around Himself.

I Am Nothing But I Must Be Everything.

Language Is As Old As Consciousness, Language Is Practical, Real Consciousness That Exists For Other Men As Well, And Only Therefore Does It Also Exist For Me; Language, Like Consciousness, Only Arises From The Need, The Necessity, Of Intercourse With Other Men.

In The National Struggles Of The Proletarians Of The Different Countries, They Point Out And Bring To The Front The Common Interest Of The Entire Proletariat, Independently Of All Nationality.

Every One Knows That There Are No Real Forests In England.the Deer In The Parks Of The Great Are Demurely Domestic Cattle, Fat As London Alderman.

The Writer May Very Well Serve A Movement Of History As Its Mouthpiece, But He Cannot Of Course Create It.

Religion Is The Balm Of The People.

Go On, Get Out - Last Words Are For Fools Who Haven't Said Enough. To His Housekeeper, Who Urged Him To Tell Her His Last Words So She Could Write Them Down For Posterity.

A Commodity Appears At First Sight An Extremely Obvious, Trivial Thing. But Its Analysis Brings Out That It Is A Very Strange Thing, Abounding In Metaphysical Subtleties And Theological Niceties.

It Has Drowned The Most Heavenly Ecstasies Of Religious Fervour, Of Chivalrous Enthusiasm, Of Philistine Sentimentalism, In The Icy Water Of Egotistical Calculation. It Has Resolved Personal Worth Into Exchange Value, And In Place Of Numberless Indefeasible Chartered Freedoms, It Has Set Up That Single, Unconscionable Freedom -- Free Trade. In One Word, For Exploitation, Veiled By Religious And Political Illusions, It Has Substituted Naked, Shameless, Direct, Brutal Exploitation.

When The Labourer Co-operates Systematically With Others, He Strips Off The Fetters Of His Individuality, And Develops The Capabilities Of His Species.

Those Dogs Of Democrats And Liberal Riff-raff Will See That We're The Only Chaps Who Haven't Been Stultified By The Ghastly Period Of Peace.

Experience Praises The Most Happy The One Who Made The Most People Happy.

...the First Step In The Revolution By The Working Class, Is To Raise The Proletariat To The Position Of Ruling Class, To Win The Battle For Democracy.

Revolutions Are The Locomotives Of History.

The Need Of A Constantly Expanding Market For Its Products Chases The Bourgeoisie Over The Entire Surface Of The Globe.

Communist Manifesto

Mankind Always Sets Itself Only Such Tasks As It Can Solve; Since, Looking At The Matter More Closely, We Will Always Find That The Task Itself Arises Only When The Material Conditions Necessary For Its Solution Already Exist Or Are At Least In The Process Of Formation.

...it Happens That Society Is Saved As Often As The Circle Of Its Ruling Class Is Narrowed, As Often As A More Exclusive Interest Asserts Itself Over The General. Every Demand For The Most Simple Bourgeois Financial Reform, For The Most Ordinary Liberalism, For The Most Commonplace Republicanism, For The Flattest Democracy Is Forthwith Punished As An Assault Upon Society And Is Branded As Socialism.

Money Is The Alienated Essence Of Man's Work And Existence; This Essence Dominates Him And He Worships It.

The Traditions Of The Dead Generations Weigh Like A Nightmare Upon The Living.

The Policy Of Russia Is Changeless. Its Methods, Its Tactics, Its Maneuvers May Change, But The Polar Star Of Its Policy, World Domination, Is A Fixed Star. About Russia

So Long As The Product Is Sold, Everything Is Taking Its Regular Course From The Standpoint Of The Capitalist Producer.

All Forms Of The State Have Democracy For Their Truth, And For That Reason Are False To The Extent That They Are Not Democracy

In All Of Human History No Country Or No People Have Suffered Such Terrible Slavery, Conquest And Foreign Oppression And No Country And No People Have Struggled So Strenuously For Their Emancipation Than Sicily And The Sicilians.

...the Realm Of Freedom Does Not Commence Until The Point Is Passed Where Labor Under The Compulsion Of Necessity And Of External Utility Is Required.

Man Makes Religion, Religion Does Not Make Man

Criticism Of Religion

Junk Food, Empty Calories And Carbs Are The Big Data Of The Masses

England Has To Fulfill A Double Mission In India: One Destructive, The Other Regenerating - The Annihilation Of Old Asiatic Society, And The Laying The Material Foundations Of Western Society In Asia... When A Great Social Revolution Shall Have Mastered The Results Of The Bourgeois Epoch... And Subjected Them To The Common Control Of The Most Advanced Peoples, Then Only Will Human Progress Cease To Resemble That Hideous, Pagan Idol, Who Would Not Drink The Nectar But From The Skulls Of The Slain.

Workers Of The World Unite; You Have Nothing To Lose But Your Chains.

Communist Manifesto

Consumption Is Also Immediately Production, Just As In Nature The Consumption Of The Elements And Chemical Substances Is The Production Of The Plant.

If Production Be Capitalistic In Form, So, Too, Will Be Reproduction.

Between Capitalist And Communist Society There Lies The Period Of The Revolutionary Transformation Of The One Into The Other. Corresponding To This Is Also A Political Transition Period In Which The State Can Be Nothing But The Revolutionary Dictatorship Of The Proletariat.

Keep People From Their History, And They Are Easily Controlled.

Every Emancipation Is A Restoration Of The Human World And Of Human Relationships To A Man Himself.

What The Working Man Sells Is Not Directly His Labor, But His Laboring Power, The Temporary Disposal Of Which He Makes Over To The Capitalist. This Is So Much The Case That I Do Not Know Whether By The English Law, But Certainly By Some Continental Laws, The Maximum Time Is Fixed For Which A Man Is Allowed To Sell His Laboring Power. If Allowed To Do So For Any Indefinite Period Whatever, Slavery Would Be Immediately Restored. Such A Sale, If It Comprised His Lifetime, For Example, Would Make Him At Once The Lifelong Slave Of His Employer.

Money Is Therefore Not Only The Object But Also The Fountainhead Of Greed.

Parliamentary Cretinism: That Peculiar Malady Which Since 1848 Has Raged All Over The Continent, Which Holds Those Infected By It Fast In An Imaginary World And Robs Them Of All Sense, All Memory, All Understanding Of The Rude External World.

Science And Democracy Are The Right And Left Hands Of What I'll Refer To As The Move From The Realm Of Necessity To The Realm Of Freedom.

Crack-brained Meddling By The Authorities [can] Aggravate An Existing Crisis.

The National Debt Has Given Rise To Joint Stock Companies, To Dealings In Negotiable Effects Of All Kinds, And To Agiotage , In A Word To Stock-exchange Gambling And The Modern Bankocracy .

All Freed, Fast-frozen Relations, With Their Train Of Ancient And Venerable Prejudices And Opinions, Are Swept Away, All New-formed Ones Become Antiquated Before They Can Ossify. All That Is Solid Melts Into Air, All That Is Holy Is Profaned, And Man Is At Last Compelled To Face With Sober Senses, His Real Conditions Of Life, And His Relations With His Kind.

A Great Deal Of Capital, Which Appears To-day In The United States Without Any Certificate Of Birth, Was Yesterday, In England, The Capitalised Blood Of Children.

The English Have All The Material Requisites For The Revolution. What They Lack Is The Spirit Of Generalization And Revolutionary Ardour.

We Know That Violent Measures Against Religion Are Nonsense; But This Is An Opinion: As Socialism Grows, Religion Will Disappear. Its Disappearance Must Be Done By Social Development, In Which Education Must Play A Part.

Communism Begins Where Atheism Begins.

Under Private Property, Each Tries To Establish Over The Other An Alien Power, So As Thereby To Find Satisfaction Of His Own Selfish Need. The Increase In The Quantity Of Objects Is Therefore Accompanied By An Extension Of The Realm Of The Alien Powers To Which Man Is Subjected, And Every New Product Represents A New Potentiality Of Mutual Swindling And Mutual Plundering.

Accumulate, Accumulate! This Is Moses And The Prophets!

Hegel Remarks Somewhere That All Great, World-historical Facts And Personages Occur, As It Were, Twice. He Has Forgotten To Add: The First Time As Tragedy, The Second As Farce.

It Is In This Sense That Franklin Says, "war Is Robbery, Commerce Is Generally Cheating.

A Commodity Has A Value Because It Is A Crystallization Of Social Labor. The Greatness Of Its Value, Or Its Relative Value, Depends Upon The Greater Or Less Amount Of That Social Substance Contained In It; That Is To Say, On The Relative Mass Of Labor Necessary For Its Production.

In The Domain Of Political Economy, Free Scientific Inquiry Meets Not Merely The Same Enemies As In All Other Domains. The Peculiar Nature Of The Material It Deals With, Summons As Foes Into The Field Of Battle The Most Violent, Mean And Malignant Passions Of The Human Breast, The Furies Of Private Interest.

Capital Is Dead Labor, Which, Vampire-like, Lives Only By Sucking Living Labor, And Lives The More, The More Labor It Sucks.

Division Of Labor

From Each According To His Abilities, To Each According To His Needs.

Colonial System, Public Debts, Heavy Taxes, Protection, Commercial Wars, Etc., These Offshoots Of The Period Of Manufacture Swell To Gigantic Proportions During The Period Of Infancy Of Large-scale Industry. The Birth Of The Latter Is Celebrated By A Vast, Hero-like Slaughter Of The Innocents.

The Country That Is More Developed Industrially Only Shows, To The Less Developed, The Image Of Its Own Future.

The Leading Princes Are The Most Servile Tools Of English Despotism. . . . The Native Princes Are The Stronghold Of The Present Abominable English System.

Usury Lives In The Pores Of Production, As It Were, Just As The Gods Of Epicurus Lived In The Space Between The Worlds.

In Every Revolution There Intrude, At The Side Of Its True Agents, Men Of A Different Stamp; Some Of Them Survivors Of And Devotees To Past Revolutions, Without Insight Into The Present Movement, But Preserving Popular Influence By Their Known Honesty And Courage, Or By The Sheer Force Of Tradition; Others Mere Brawlers, Who, By Dint Of Repeating Year After Year The Same Set Of Stereotyped Declamations Against The Government Of The Day, Have Sneaked Into The Reputation Of Revolutionists Of The First Water They Are An Unavoidable Evil: With Time They Are Shaken Off.

Only In Community With Others Has Each Individual The Means Of Cultivating His Gifts In All Directions; Only In The Community, Therefore, Is Personal Freedom Possible.

The Aggregate Capital Appears As The Capital Stock Of All Individual Capitalists Combined. This Joint Stock Company Has In Common With Many Other Stock Companies That Everyone Knows What He Puts In, But Not What He Will Get Out Of It.

Ideas Do Not Exist Separately From Language.

Labour Is ... Not The Only Source Of Material Wealth, I.e, Of The Use-values It Produces. As William Petty Says, Labour Is The Father Of Material Wealth, The Earth Is Its Mother.

The Burgeoisie, By The Rapid Improvement Of All Instruments Of Production, By The Immensely Facilitated Means Of Communication, Draws All Nations Into Civilization.

Each Piece Of Money Is A Mere Coin, Or Means Of Circulation, Only So Long As It Actually Circulates.

All Science Would Be Superfluous If The Outward Appearance And The Essence Of Things Directly Coincided.

There Is One Great Fact, Characteristic Of This Our Nineteenth Century, A Fact Which No Party Dares Deny. On The One Hand, There Have Started Into Life Industrial And Scientific Forces Which No Epoch Of Former Human History Had Ever Suspected. On The Other Hand, There Exist Symptoms Of Decay, Far Surpassing The Horrors Recorded Of The Latter Times Of The Roman Empire. In Our Days Everything Seems Pregnant With Its Contrary.

In Proportion As The Exploitation Of One Individual By Another Is Put An End To, The Exploitation Of One Nation By Another Will Also Be Put An End To. In Proportion As The Antagonism Between Classes Within The Nation Vanishes, The Hostility Of One Nation To Another Will Come To An End.

My Object In Life Is To Dethrone God And Destroy Capitalism.

Since Labour Is Motion, Time Is Its Natural Measure.

...the Very Cannibalism Of The Counterrevolution Will Convince The Nations That There Is Only One Way In Which The Murderous Death Agonies Of The Old Society And The Bloody Birth Throes Of The New Society Can Be Shortened, Simplified And Concentrated, And That Way Is Revolutionary Terror.

In A Higher Phase Of Communist Society... Only Then Can The Narrow Horizon Of Bourgeois Right Be Fully Left Behind And Society Inscribe On Its Banners: From Each According To His Ability, To Each According To His Needs.

Division Of Labor

I Am Greatly Pleased With The Public, Authentic Isolation In Which We Two, You And I, Now Find Ourselves. It Is Wholly In Accord With Our Attitude And Our Principles.

Under The Ideal Measure Of Values There Lurks The Hard Cash.

Social Consciousness

What I Did That Was New Was To Prove That The Existence Of Classes Is Only Bound Up With Particular, Historical Phases In The Development Of Production; That The Class Struggle Necessarily Leads To The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat; And That Dictatorship Itself Only Constitutes The Transition To The Abolition Of All Classes And To A Classless Society.

Darwin's Book Is Very Important And Serves Me As A Basis In Natural Science For The Class Struggle In History. One Has To Put Up With The Crude English Method Of Development, Of Course. Despite All Deficiencies Not Only Is The Death-blow Dealt Here For The First Time To 'teleology' In The Natural Sciences, But Their Rational Meaning Is Empirically Explained.

In Place Of The Old Bourgeois Society, With Its Classes And Class Antagonisms, We Shall Have An Association In Which The Free Development Of Each Is The Condition For The Free Development Of All.

As Individuals Express Their Life, So They Are. What They Are, Therefore, Coincides With Their Production, Both With What They Produce And With How They Produce. The Nature Of Individuals Thus Depends On The Material Conditions Determining Their Production.

Men Make Their Own History, But They Do Not Make It Just As They Please; They Do Not Make It Under Circumstances Chosen By Themselves, But Under Circumstances Directly Encountered, Given And Transmitted From The Past. The Tradition Of All The Dead Generations Weighs Like A Nightmare On The Brain Of The Living.

Scientific Truth Is Always Paradox, If Judged By Everyday Experience, Which Catches Only The Delusive Appearance Of Things.

Communism Is For Us Not A State Of Affairs Which Is To Be Established, An Ideal To Which Reality [will] Have To Adjust Itself. We Call Communism The Real Movement Which Abolishes The Present State Of Things. The Conditions Of This Movement Result From The Premises Now In Existence.

We Know Only A Single Science, The Science Of History. History Can Be Contemplated From Two Sides, It Can Be Divided Into The History Of Nature And The History Of Mankind. However, The Two Sides Are Not To Be Divided Off; As Long As Men Exist The History Of Nature And The History Of Men Are Mutually Conditioned.

Reason Has Always Existed, But Not Always In A Reasonable Form.

Communist Manifesto

The Individual Produces An Object And, By Consuming It, Returns To Himself, But Returns As A Productive And Self Reproducing Individual. Consumption Thus Appears As A Moment Of Production.

Titles Of Property, For Instance Railway Shares, May Change Hands Every Day, And Their Owner May Make A Profit By Their Sale Even In Foreign Countries, So That Titles To Property Are Exportable, Although The Railway Itself Is Not.

I Am A Machine, Condemned To Devour Them And Then, Throw Them, In A Changed Form, On The Dunghill Of History.

Machines Were, It May Be Said, The Weapon Employed By The Capitalists To Quell The Revolt Of Specialized Labor.

Gold Is Now Money With Reference To All Other Commodities Only Because It Was Previously, With Reference To Them, A Simple Commodity.

A Circuit Performed By A Capital And Meant To Be A Periodical Process, Not An Individual Act, Is Called Its Turnover. The Duration Of This Turnover Is Determined By The Sum Of Its Time Of Production And Its Time Of Circulation.

The Ruling Ideas Of Each Age Have Ever Been The Ideas Of Its Ruling Class.

As The Variable Capital Always Stays In The Hands Of The Capitalist In Some Form Or Other, It Cannot Be Claimed In Any Way That It Converts Itself Into Revenue For Anyone .

The Theory Of Communism May Be Summed Up In One Sentence: Abolish All Private Property.

Religion Is The Opium Of The People Translated From The German Die Religion ... Ist Das Opium Des Volkessometimes Misquoted As Opiate Of The People.

All That We Want To Do Away With Is The Miserable Character Of This Appropriation, Under Which The Labourer Lives Merely To Increase Capital , And Allowed To Live Only So Far As The Interest To The Ruling Class Requires It.

The More Powerful The Work, The More Powerless The Worker.

A Specter Is Haunting Europe - The Specter Of Communism.

The Redeeming Feature Of War Is That It Puts A Nation To The Test. As Exposure To The Atmosphere Reduces All Mummies To Instant Dissolution, So War Passes Supreme Judgment Upon Social Systems That Have Outlived Their Vitality.

The Only Antidote To Mental Suffering Is Physical Pain.

Medicine Heals Doubts As Well As Diseases.

Just As The Savage Must Wrestle With Nature To Satisfy His Wants, To Maintain And Reproduce Life, So Must Civilised Man, And He Must Do So In All Social Formations And Under All Possible Modes Of Production.

In Order To Arouse Sympathy, The Aristocracy Was Obliged To Lose Sight, Apparently, Of Its Own Interests, And To Formulate Its Indictment Against The Bourgeoisie In The Interest Of The Exploited Working Class Alone. Thus, The Aristocracy Took Their Revenge By Singing Lampoons On Their New Masters And Whispering In His Ears Sinister Prophesies Of Coming Catastrophe.

Capitalist Production Does Not Exist At All Without Foreign Commerce.

Labor In The White Skin Can Never Free Itself As Long As Labor In The Black Skin Is Branded.

This Young Lady, Who Instantly Overwhelmed Me With Her Kindness, Is The Ugliest Creature I Have Seen In My Entire Life, With Repulsive Jewish Facial Features.

If Emancipation Of The Working Classes Requires Their Fraternal Conncurrence, How Are They To Fulfill That Great Mission With A Foreign Policy In Pursuit Of Criminal Designs, Playing Upon National Prejudices, And Squandering In Piratical Wars The People's Blood And Treasure? It Was Not The Wisdom Of The Ruling Classes, But The Heroic Resistance To Their Criminal Folly By The Working Classes Of England, That Saved The West Of Europe From Plunging Headlong Into An Infamous Crusade For The Propagation Of Slavery On The Other Side Of The Atlantic.

In The Eyes Of Dialectical Philosophy, Nothing Is Established For All Times, Nothing Is Absolute Or Sacred.

All Social Life Is Essentially Practical. All Mysterious Which Lead Theory To Mysticism Find Their Rational Solution In Human Practice And In The Comprehension Of The Practice.

A Heavy Or Progressive Or Graduated Income Tax Is Necessary For The Proper Development Of Communism.

Communism... Is The Genuine Resolution Of The Antagonism Between Man And Nature And Between Man And Man; It Is The True Resolution Of The Conflict Between Existence And Essence, Objectification And Self-affirmation, Freedom And Necessity, Individual And Species. It Is The Riddle Of History Solved And Knows Itself As The Solution.

When Commercial Capital Occupies A Position Of Unquestioned Ascendancy, It Everywhere Constitutes A System Of Plunder.

The Last Capitalist We Hang Shall Be The One Who Sold Us The Rope.

The Class Struggle Necessarily Leads To The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat.

The Communists Have No Need To Introduce Free Love; It Has Existed Almost From Time Immemorial.

Men Make Their Own History

Communist Manifesto

History Calls Those Men The Greatest Who Have Ennobled Themselves By Working For The Common Good; Experience Acclaims As Happiest The Man Who Has Made The Greatest Number Of People Happy.

Necessity Is Blind Until It Becomes Conscious. Freedom Is The Consciousness Of Necessity.

The Method Of Production Of The Material Things Of Life Generally Determines The Social, Political And Spiritual Currents Of Life.

As In Private Life One Differentiates Between What A Man Thinks And Says Of Himself And What He Really Is And Does, So In Historical Struggles One Must Still More Distinguish The Language And The Imaginary Aspirations Of Parties From Their Real Organism And Their Real Interests, Their Conception Of Themselves From Their Reality.

The Ideas Of The Ruling Class Are In Every Epoch The Ruling Ideas, I.e., The Class Which Is The Ruling Material Force Of Society, Is At The Same Time Its Ruling Intellectual Force.

A Heavy Progressive Or Graduated Income Tax.

He Who Before Was The Money Owner, Now Strides In Front As Capitalist; The Possessor Of Labor-power Follows As His Laborer. The One With An Air Of Importance, Smirking, Intent On Business; The Other Hesitant, Like One Who Is Bringing His Own Hide To Market And Has Nothing To Expect But A Hiding.

The Bourgeoisie Of The Whole World, Which Looks Complacently Upon The Wholesale Massacre After The Battle, Is Convulsed By Horror At The Desecration Of Brick And Mortar.

Bricks And Mortar

I Am Stretching Out This Volume, Since Those German Dogs Estimate The Value Of Books By Their Cubic Contents.

There Is No Greater Stupidity Than For People...to Marry And So Surrender Themselves To The Small Miseries Of Domestic And Private Life.

A Spectre Is Haunting Europe-the Spectre Of Communism. All The Powers Of Old Europe Have Entered Into Holy Alliance To Exorcise This Spectre: Pope And Czar, Metternich And Guizot, French Radicals And German Police-spies. Where Is The Party In Opposition That Has Not Been Decried As Communistic By Its Opponents In Power? Where The Opposition That Has Not Hurled Back The Branding Reproach Of Communism, Against The More Advanced Opposition Parties, As Well As Against Its Reactionary Adversaries?

Religious Distress Is At The Same Time The Expression Of The Real Distress And Also The Protest Against Real Distress. Religion Is The Sigh Of The Oppressed Creature, The Heart Of A Heartless World, Just As It Is The Spirit Of The Spiritless Condition. It Is The Opium Of The People.

Money Does Not Arise By Convention, Any More Than The State Does. It Arises Out Of Exchange, And Arises Naturally Out Of Exchange; It Is A Product Of The Same.

The Bureaucracy Is A Circle From Which One Cannot Escape. Its Hierarchy Is A Hierarchy Of Knowledge. The Top Entrusts The Understanding Of Detail To The Lower Levels, Whilst The Lower Levels Credit The Top With Understanding Of The General, And So All Are Mutually Deceived.

Be Careful To Trust A Person Who Does Not Like Wine.

On A Level Plain, Simple Mounds Look Like Hills; And The Insipid Flatness Of Our Present Bourgeoisie Is To Be Measured By The Altitude Of Its Great Intellects.

Natural Science Will In Time Incorporate Into Itself The Science Of Man, Just As The Science Of Man Will Incorporate Into Itself Natural Science: There Will Be One Science.

The State Is Based On This Contradiction. It Is Based On The Contradiction Between Public And Private Life, Between Universal And Particular Interests. For This Reason, The State Must Confine Itself To Formal, Negative Activities.

The Consciousness Of The Past Weighs Like A Nightmare On The Brain Of The Living.

Greek Philosophy Seems To Have Met With Something With Which A Good Tragedy Is Not Supposed To Meet, Namely, A Dull Ending.

The Bourgeoisie, Wherever It Has Got The Upper Hand, Has Put An End To All Feudal, Patriarchal, Idyllic Relations. It Has Pitilessly Torn Asunder The Motley Of Ties That Bound Man To His "natural Superiors," And Left Remaining No Other Nexus Between Man And Man Than Naked Self-interest, Than Callous "cash Payment.

It Would Perhaps Be As Well If Things Were To Remain Quiet For A Few Years Yet, So That All This 1848 Democracy Has Time To Rot Away.

Democracies Have

History Does Nothing, Possesses No Enormous Wealth, Fights No Battles. It Is Rather Man, The Real, Living Man, Who Does Everything, Possesses, Fights. It Is Not History, As If She Were A Person Apart, Who Uses Men As A Means To Work Out Her Purposes, But History Itself Is Nothing But The Activity Of Men Pursuing Their Purposes.

Surround Yourself With People Who Make You Happy. People Who Make You Laugh, Who Help You When You’re In Need. People Who Genuinely Care. They Are The Ones Worth Keeping In Your Life. Everyone Else Is Just Passing Through.

The Religious World Is But A Reflex Of The Real World.

The Unity Is Brought About By Force .

Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops Technology, And The Combining Together Of Various Processes Into A Social Whole, Only By Sapping The Original Sources Of All Wealth - The Soil And The Labourer.

You Are Horrified At Our Intending To Do Away With Private Property. But In Your Existing Society, Private Property Is Already Done Away With For Nine Tenths Of The Population; Its Existence For The Few Is Solely Due To Its Non-existence In The Hands Of Those Nine Tenths. You Reproach Us, Therefore, With Intending To Do Away With A Form Of Property, The Necessary Condition For Whose Existence Is The Non-existence Of Any Property For The Immense Majority Of Society.

But Capitalist Production Begets,with The Inexorability Of A Law Of Nature,its Own Negation. It Is The Negation Of Negation.

Nature Is Man's Inorganic Body -- That Is To Say, Nature Insofar As It Is Not The Human Body. Man Lives From Nature -- I.e., Nature Is His Body -- And He Must Maintain A Continuing Dialogue With It Is He Is Not To Die. To Say That Man's Physical And Mental Life Is Linked To Nature Simply Means That Nature Is Linked To Itself, For Man Is A Part Of Nature.

Value, Therefore, Does Not Stalk About With A Label Describing What It Is.

Take Away A Nation's Heritage And They Are More Easily Persuaded.

I Am Nothing And Should Be Everything.

The First Premise Of All Human History Is, Of Course, The Existence Of Living Human Individuals. Thus The First Fact To Be Established Is The Physical Organisation Of These Individuals And Their Consequent Relation To The Rest Of Nature.

Art Is Always And Everywhere The Secret Confession, And At The Same Time The Immortal Movement Of Its Time.

Although Usury Is Itself A Form Of Credit In Its Bourgeoisified Form, The Form Adapted To Capital , In Its Pre-bourgeois Form It Is Rather The Expression Of The Lack Of Credit .

I Pre-suppose, Of Course, A Reader Who Is Willing To Learn Something New And Therefore To Think For Himself.

The French Need A Thrashing. If The Prussians Win, The Centralization Of State Power Will Be Useful For The Centralization Of The German Working Class. German Predominance Would Also Transfer The Center Of Gravity Of The Workers' Movement In Western Europe From France To Germany, And One Has Only To Compare The Movement In The Two Countries From 1866 Until Now To See That The German Working Class Is Superior To The French Both Theoretically And Organizationally.

Money Plays The Largest Part In Determining The Course Of History.

No Sooner Is The Exploitation Of The Labourer By The Manufacturer, So Far, At An End, That He Receives His Wages In Cash, Than He Is Set Upon By The Other Portions Of The Bourgeoisie, The Landlord, The Shopkeeper, The Pawnbroker, Etc.

The Economic Concept Of Value Does Not Occur In Antiquity .

The Labour-power Is A Commodity , Not Capital, In The Hands Of The Labourer, And It Constitutes For Him A Revenue So Long As He Can Continuously Repeat Its Sale; It Functions As Capital After Its Sale, In The Hands Of The Capitalist, During The Process Of Production Itself.

Follow Your Own Path, No Matter What People Say.

The First Requisite For The Happiness Of The People Is The Abolition Of Religion.

Capital Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or At The Least, Lays The Golden Eggs.

From The Outset, The Christian Was The Theorizing Jew, The Jew Is Therefore The Practical Christian, And The Practical Christian Has Become A Jew Again.

They Don't Know It, But They Are Doing It.

The Bourgeoisie Cannot Exist Without Constantly Revolutionizing The Instruments Of Production, And Thereby The Relations Of Production, And With Them The Whole Relations Of Society.

Communist Manifesto

Social Reforms Are Never Carried Out By The Weakness Of The Strong; But Always By The Strength Of The Weak.

The Worker Puts His Life Into The Object; But Now It No Longer Belongs To Him, It Belongs To The Object.

The Circulation Of Capital Realizes Value , While Living Labour Creates Value .

Without The Presence Of Class Warfare, Trade Unions Would Be Hard Put To Justfy Their Existence.

Luxury Is The Opposite Of The Naturally Necessary.

History Does Nothing; It Does Not Possess Immense Riches, It Does Not Fight Battles. It Is Men, Real, Living, Who Do All This.

Nothing Can Have Value Without Being An Object Of Utility.

The Alienation Of Man Thus Appeared As The Fundamental Evil Of Capitalist Society.

Every Provisional Political Set-up Following A Revolution Requires A Dictatorship, And An Energetic Dictatorship At That.

We Have No Compassion And We Ask No Compassion From You. When Our Turn Comes, We Shall Not Make Excuses For The Terror.

There Is Only One Effective Antidote For Mental Suffering And That Is Physical Pain.

As The Chosen People Bore In Their Features The Sign Manual Of Jehovah , So The Division Of Labour Brands The Manufacturing Workman As The Property Of Capital .

The Better Shaped His Product, The More Misshapen The Worker.

The Communists Disdain To Conceal Their Views And Aims. They Open Declare That Their Ends Can Be Attained Only By The Forcible Overthrow Of All Existing Social Conditions. Let The Ruling Classes Tremble At A Communistic Revolution. The Proletarians Have Nothing To Lose But Their Chains. They Have A World To Win. Working Men Of All Countries, Unite!

In Proportion As Capital Accumulates, The Lot Of The Laborer, Be His Payment High Or Low, Must Grow Worse.

It's Possible That I Shall Make An Ass Of Myself. But In That Case One Can Always Get Out Of It With A Little Dialectic. I Have, Of Course, So Worded My Proposition As To Be Right Either Way.

An Organised System Of Machines, To Which Motion Is Communicated By The Transmitting Mechanism From A Central Automation, Is The Most Developed Form Of Production By Machinery.

A People Without A Heritage Are Easily Persuaded.

Force Is The Midwife Of Every Old Society Pregnant With A New One.

The Imaginary Flowers Of Religion Adorn Man's Chains. Man Must Throw Off The Flowers, And Also The Chains.

The More Of Himself Man Attributes To God, The Less He Has Left In Himself.

There Are No Circumstances Imaginable, Not Even Victory, Under Which The Proletariat Should Give Up Its Possession Of Arms.

Taxes Are The Source Of Life For The Bureaucracy, The Army And The Court, In Short, For The Whole Apparatus Of The Executive Power. Strong Government And Heavy Taxes Are Identical.

The Social Revolution...cannot Draw Its Poetry From The Past, But Only From The Future. It Cannot Begin With Itself Before It Has Stripped Itself Of All Superstitions Concerning The Past.

I Wish To Avenge Myself Against The One Who Rules Above.

The State Is The Executive Committee Of The Ruling Class.

In Reality, The Labourer Belongs To Capital Before He Has Sold Himself To Capital.

There Must Be Something Rotten In The Very Core Of A Social System Which Increases Its Wealth Without Diminishing Its Misery

There Is Something In Human History Like Retribution; And It Is A Rule Of Historical Retribution That Its Instrument Be Forged Not By The Offended, But By The Offender Himself. The First Blow Dealt To The French Monarchy Proceeded From The Nobility, Not From The Peasants. The Indian Revolt Does Not Commence With The Ryots, Tortured, Dishonoured And Stripped Naked By The British, But With The Sepoys, Clad, Fed And Petted, Fatted And Pampered By Them.

The Existence Of The State Is Inseparable From The Existence Of Slavery.

Nothing Is More Tedious Than The Dreaming Platitude.

2 Is A Proletariat Prime, But 4, 6 And 8 Are Also Composite Proletariats. Composites Of The World Unite; You Have Nothing To Lose But Your Chains!

Nothing To Lose

Constant Revolutionizing Of Production, Uninterrupted Disturbance Of All Social Conditions, Everlasting Uncertainty And Agitation Distinguish The Bourgeosis Epoch From All Earlier Ones.

Communist Manifesto

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