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Democracy Takes Work. That's The Thing We're Really Finding Out, That, You Know, In Many Ways, You Know, The Past Two Decades We've Taken For Granted All Of The Extraordinary Achievements Of The Post-war Generation. You Know, Building This Global Alliance Structure That Has Kept The Peace Across The North Atlantic Since World War Ii. Building All Of These Institutions, Building All This Remarkable Technology. And People Have Privatized. You Know, You Can Now, You Don't Have To Go Outdoors Much, The Whole World Comes To You.

-David Frum

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Democracy Takes Work. That's

David Frum

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Democracy Takes Work. That's The Thing We're Really Finding Out, That, You Know, In Many Ways, You Know, The Past Two Decades We've Taken For Granted All Of The Extraordinary Achievements Of The Post-war Generation. You Know, Building This Global Alliance Structure That Has Kept The Peace Across The North Atlantic Since World War Ii. Building All Of These Institutions, Building All This Remarkable Technology. And People Have Privatized. You Know, You Can Now, You Don't Have To Go Outdoors Much, The Whole World Comes To You.

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A Novel Makes It Possible To Understand Not Just Events, But The People Who Control The Events; Not Only Their Choices, But Also Their Motives.

Yet When The Hour Of Decision Arrives, It Turns Out That Many Conservatives Care As Little As Ever About Administrative Skill And Executive Accomplishment. Our Party And Our Movement Overwhelmingly Respond To Symbolic Cues. Sarah Palin Is Exciting And Appealing. But What Kind Of Executive Is She? None Of Us Have Even The Remotest Idea.

One Of The Things That Really Has Gone Wrong In Modern Politics, One Of The Things That Made Trump Possible Was That Many People Have A View Of Politics As Something Dramatic And Exciting And Thrilling And Emotional.

Donald Trump Didn't Have A Polling Operation Until Very Late In His Campaign. How Did He Know What To Do? That The Ted Cruz People Leaked Their Polls To Trump Because They Were Looking Forward To Eliminating All The Other Rivals, Clearing The Way For A Cruz-trump Fight That They Were Certain Cruz Would Win. In The End, Cruz Was The Last Man Standing, It's True. If He Had Known At The Beginning What He Knew At The End, He Might Have Thought Twice. The Congressional Republican Party Thought They Could Make Trump Their Tool To Impose Their Very Unpopular Agenda. Instead, They Became His Tool.

One Of The Questions I Often Get Asked Is, "were You Surprised That Trump Won?" I Always Answer The Same Way: "i Was Surprised, I Am Surprised And I Will Never Stop Being Surprised."

Events Don't Happen Because I Write A Speech. I Am Allowed To Write A Speech Because Events Are Going To Happen.

Donald Trump Is The Least Unpopular Thing About Today's Republican Party. I Mean, The Idea That A Mitch Mcconnell Or A Paul Ryan Could Say, "let's Toss Trump Overboard And Return To Our Program Of Plutocratic Politics, Health Care Removal, Massive Income Tax Cuts For The Affluent, Deregulation Of Finance" - If They Cut Loose From Donald Trump, It's Like, You Know, Storm In Channel, Continent Cut Off. If They Cut Loose From Him, They Are Much Likelier To Sink.

We All Work For Media, We All Make Mistakes All The Time. That's Inevitable. What The Difference Between A Responsible Journalistic Institution Is, Does It Care Whether It Makes Mistakes Or Not? And Does It Correct Them?

Elites Are Inevitable In Politics. That Is How Politics Is Going To Work. The Question Is, Are Your Elites Responsible, Public-spirited? Do They Think About The Interests Of Others, Not Just Themselves? And The Story Of Western Politics Since The Beginning Of The Century Is That As Elites Become More Separated, More Selfish, As They Leave Behind Their Populations And Don't Think About Them, They Become Discredited. And The People Look For Alternatives. But The Alternative Is Worse. Those Rules Of The Game Protect Us All. And They Are More Precious Than Almost Any Political Outcome.

More Irishmen Died Fighting For Britain In World War I Than Died Fighting Against Her In All Of Ireland's Bids For Independence Combined.

The System We Have Is One That Protects My Rights Under A President I Don`t Approve. That Tomorrow We`ll Do The Same For You. And What People Have In Common Is Their Commitment To Those Shared Rules. And If You Have Someone Who Was A Challenger To The Shared Rules, That`s Unacceptable. And We`ve Never Seen That Before. Not In A Long, Long Time But We See It Now.

When We Talk About Authoritarianism, We Conjure Up Out-of-date Visions From The 1930s. But We Are No More Likely To Do Authoritarian Government The Way They Did In The 1930s Then We're Likely To Address Or Talk Or Do Any Of Our Other Business In The Way They Did It In The 1930s.

The Habit Of Going To Your Congressman's Town Hall And Asking Questions, That's Powerful In A Way That Shouting Slogans Or Getting Arrested Is Not, That Is Completely Counterproductive.

Asking Questions

You Can Have These Fake Engagements, These Virtual Engagements That Substitute For Actual Engagements. You Don't Have To Participate, You Can Hit A Button, Send You 200 Dollars To The Barack Obama For President Campaign And Think It's Like You Knocked On A Door. But You Didn't Knock On A Door.

Anybody Who Imagines That An Election Can Be Won Under These Circumstances By Banging On About William Ayers And Jeremiah Wright Is ... To Put It Mildly ... Severely Under-estimating The Electoral Importance Of Pocketbook Issues. We Conservatives Are Sending A Powerful, Inadvertent Message With This Negative Campaign Against Barack Obama's Associations And Former Associations: That We Lack A Positive Agenda Of Our Own And That We Don't Care About The Economic Issues That Are Worrying American Voters.

I Am A Very Conservative Person. And There Are A Lot Of Things That Donald Trump's Government Or Administration Is Doing That I Might Agree With. The Point Is We Have To Defend The Rules Of The Game. And One Of The Things That Has Empowered Donald Trump Is That Not Enough People Are Serious Enough About Defending The Rules Of The Game, Maybe Because They Don't Understand How Endangered Those Rules Are.

Why Be Thrifty When Your Old Age And Health Care Are Provided For, No Matter How Profligate You Act In Your Youth? Why Be Prudent When The State Insures Your Bank Deposits, Replaces Your Flooded-out House, Buys All The Wheat You Can Grow? ... Why Be Diligent When Half Of Your Earnings Are Taken From You And Given To The Idle?

While There Is An Attempt By The Trump People To Say That California Isn't Really America. California Certainly Seems Like America To Me.

An American-led Overthrow Of Saddam Hussein - And The Replacement Of The Radical Baathist Dictatorship With A New Government More Closely Aligned With The United States Would Put America More Wholly In Charge Of The Region Than Any Power Since The Ottomans, Or Maybe Even The Romans.

Journalists Have To Do Their Job. And Journalists Have To Resist Emotionalism. You Have To Keep Your Cool And To Continue To Do Your Job Until You're Prevented.

Obviously, Donald Trump Won't Be Impeached Or Removed So Long As The Republicans Hold Even One House Of Congress. And Even Should They Lose Both In November Of 2018, Launching An Impeachment - As The Republicans Discovered With Bill Clinton - Is Very Dangerous To The Impeaching Party. Unless You Have A Highly Credible Set Of Extremely Damning Facts, You Turn A Constitutional Crisis Into A Political Crisis. You Rally Potential Supporters Of The Impeached President To Him. You Make His Base Bigger. So I Imagine That He Is Likely To Serve Out The Full Term.

What I Say Is I Am Somebody Who Cares About Conservative Ideas. I Want To See Them Implemented In Governance.

Donald Trump's Big Goal Is To Become The Richest Man In The World, Abusing The Powers Of The Presidency.

One Can Shape History As Much Through The Facts One Omits As Through The Facts One Includes.

My Mother Cared More About How You Reasoned Than About The Conclusions You Reached.

I Keep Telling My American Friends, "if You Think Of Donald Trump As Only Something That Is Happening Inside The United States, You're Missing It." Because There Are Trump-like Events Happening Across The Western World, In Warsaw Pact Countries, In France, Germany, Austria, The Netherlands. As We Speak, The Second-largest Party In The Dutch Legislature - Who's More Level-headed Than The Dutch? - Is Geert Wilders's Party, Which Is A Very Trump-like Party, And They've Got 33 Out Of 150 Seats.

Republicans Have Been Fleeced And Exploited And Lied To By A Conservative Entertainment Complex.

My Mom Was Truly An Iconic Figure, A Great Journalist And A Pioneering Woman Who Died At 54 Of Cancer Without Ever Having Revealed To Viewers That She Was Ill.

Venezuela Has Gone From Being A Democratic Country 15 Years Ago To Being Totally Not A Democracy Today. Usually That De-democratization Doesn't Take The Form Of A Heavy Handed Police State.

The Elite Isn't Leading Anymore. It's Trapped.

We've All Been Wrong- I Certainly Have- And We Should Thank Those Who Set Us Right. Not Always Fun, But Always Best In The End.

But The Thought Leaders On Talk Radio And Fox Do More Than Shape Opinion. Backed By Their Own Wing Of The Book-publishing Industry And Supported By Think Tanks That Increasingly Function As Public-relations Agencies, Conservatives Have Built A Whole Alternative Knowledge System, With Its Own Facts, Its Own History, Its Own Laws Of Economics.

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Donald Trump Has Declared That He's Going To Divest Himself From His Companies And That His Sons Will Be Separated From The Government. But His Sons Who Run The Company Are Regularly Attending His Meetings With Senators, Making It Clear To Everybody, You Want Access To Trump You Pay.

One Of The Reasons I've Been Interested In The Us Health Care Is That Here Is Something You Can Do, That Could Lift One Of The Largest Burdens Of Worry From The Shoulders Of Tens Of Millions Of People For Whom The Rest Of The Economy Isn't Working. A Lot Of The Things That Are In Obamacare That Republicans Don't Like Were Deliberately Put There To Force Republicans To Negotiate. Republicans Wouldn't Negotiate, So We Got Obamacare With All Of The Fur On It. Once It's There, Of Course, It's Very Hard To Take Health Care Benefits Away From People, As The Republicans Discovered.

I'm A Latecomer To The Environmental Issue, Which For Years Seemed To Me Like An Excuse For More Government Regulation. But I Can See That In Rich Societies, Voters Are Paying Less Attention To Economic Issues And More To Issues Of The Spirit, Including The Environment.

Nobody Ever Won An Election By Spitting At His Political Opponents.

Whenever You Discuss Politics, It Is Always Better To Use Individual Names Rather Then The Term Neocon.

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Speech Writers Are More Vulnerable To Vanity Than Any Other Group Of People In Washington.

I Am Really And Truly Frightened By The Collapse Of Support For The Republican Party By The Young And The Educated.

I Don't Think That Disasters Have To Be Spectacular. They Can Be A Slow Corrosion.

In Journalism I Can Only Tell What Happened. In Fiction, I Can Show It.

Canada Has A Real Civil Service, Which The United States Doesn't Have, An Independent Civil Service. Canada Also Has A Stronger Federal System.

I Always Believed As A Speechwriter That If You Could Persuade The President To Commit Himself To Certain Words, He Would Feel Himself Committed To The Ideas That Underlay Those Words. And The Big Shock To Me Has Been That Although The President Said The Words, He Just Did Not Absorb The Ideas. And That Is The Root Of, Maybe, Everything.

Those Who Seem To Despise Half Of America Will Never Be Trusted To Govern Any Of It. Those Who Cherish Only The Country's Past Will Not Be Entrusted With Its Future.

There Are A Lot Of Wonderful People In America Who Shouldn't Be On The Supreme Court - And A Lot Who Should Be On The Court Who Aren't Such Wonderful People.

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Donald Trump Doesn't Believe In Much, Doesn't Want To Do Much.

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So Long As Donald Trump Is Powerful And Popular, Fox News Is Going To Achieve An Advertising Bonanza Unheard Of In The Era Of Modern Cable, Because People Will Pay Them To Talk To The President.

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We're Not Free Because Other People Are Nice, Maybe Other People Aren't Nice That Day. We're Free Because We Expect The Institutions Of Government To Work Impersonally. That We Expect People In Government To Understand They Don't Work For The President Or The Prime Minister, They Work For The Government. And The Government Is Always There.

I Was In The White House, Probably The Only Administration I'll Ever Work For. The Administration Was Not A Success, Neither At Home Nor Abroad. The Iraq War Was Not A Success. The Condition Of The Average Person Was Not Enough Better At The End Of Seven Years Of George Bush Than It Was At The Beginning, And Certainly It All Ended In The Collapse That Was The Great Recession. So I Feel A Sense Of Karmic Obligation To The Universe Because Of That.

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[in Politics,] When There Is No Reason To Speak, There Is A Reason Not To Speak.

The Five Million People Who Watch Cable News Are The Political Nation, The People Who Really Care.

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A Generation Ago, Or Two, When There Were Three Channels, Plus Pbs, And When You Needed - When You Needed 15 Million People To Make A Living, The Media Could Focus On The Broad Country. And Most People Had No Choice About Getting Political Information. It Was There At 6:30 Whether You Wanted It Or Not.

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There Is No Right To Work In A Think Tank, And These Are Very Privileged Positions.

The System Has Evolved To Protect Parties From People Like Donald Trump. It Really Is True That People Without Well-established Public Records, Without Proven Capability In Public Service, Without Tested Beliefs And At Least Apparently Under The Influence Of A Foreign Power, Such People Are Screened Out By Major Parties.

People Need To Understand That In Washington, The Process Is The Punishment.

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America Under 30 Is A More Non-whites Place Than America Over 60. And We Know That Non-whites And Whites Vote Differently.

Republicans Originally Thought That Fox Worked For Us, And Now We Are Discovering We Work For Fox

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One Of The Things That Always Drives Any Practitioner Of Journalism Crazy Is You'll Run It People Who Say Why Doesn't The Media Cover This Or That? Well Of Course The Media Covered It. Why Didn't You Read About It? And, You Know, It's, You Know, There You Are, It's Not The Journalist's Job To Knock Down Your Door, You Know, Punch The Url Into Your Computer And Force You To Stop Watching The Kardashians And To Read, You Know, A Report On Integrity In Government Instead, It's Your Job.

If You Watch A Movie From Between The End Of The Second World War And The Mid-1970s, Whenever Anyone Steps Out In A White Lab Coat, They're There To Offer A Solution. They're There To Tell You How The Laser's Going To Save The Day. They're Going To Give You James Bond's Array Of Tools. After About 1975, Whenever The Man In The White Lab Coat Steps Out, It's To Come Up With Some Crazy Idea That's Going To Bring Ruin On Everybody. "let's Clone Dinosaurs!" And The Last We See Of Him Is Disappearing Down The Gullet Of The Tyrannosaurus Rex.

By Abrogating All Moral Standards In Their War Against Israel, Arab And Muslim Leaders Initiated A Process Of Moral Collapse That Has Ended By Soaking Their Own Societies In Blood. The Terror They Intended To Inflict Only Upon Others Has Rebounded With A Hundred Times Greater Horror Upon Their Own Lands.

So If I Have Two Pieces Of Cake, Do I Have Twice As Good An Experience As The First Piece Of Cake? One Of The Things I've Found In Life Is That The First Piece Of Cake Is The Best.

It's Very Important To Understand That 21st Century Authoritarian Rule Does Not Look Like 20th Century Authoritarian Rule. You're Not Going To Have People In Parade Ground Formations. You're Not Going To Have A Police State. You're Not Going To People With Decorative Armbands Bullying People On The Sidewalks. And The Leaders Won't Stand At Microphones For Hours Ranting At People. All Of That Is So 80 Years Ago.

Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America And Betrayed The Reagan Legacy.

The Thing That Sustains A Strong Fox Network Is The Thing That Undermines A Strong Republican Party.

I Want People To Understand That, Look, We're In A Period Of Democratic Deficit, Democratic Recession. There Are Fewer Democracies In The World Today Than In 2005, And In Many Of The Countries That Are Still Technically Democracies, We're Seeing A Reduction In The Rule Of Law. And That's Especially True In Central Europe, But It's Also True Of Places Like South Africa, The Philippines.

I Have A Range Of Scenarios. One Of Them Is A Chaos, That What Could Happen Is Congress Does Step Up A Little Bit And The Administration Is Paralyzed. And We Go Through All Kinds Of Constitutional Crises, Impeachment Or The 25th Amendment Removal Process. Another Frightening Scenario Is Donald Trump Is Steering His Way To A Series Of International Confrontations At The Same Time As He's Appeasing Russia.

One Might Almost Say, To Adapt Von Clausewitz, That Modern Warfare Is Pr By Other Means. And War-winning Strategies Mean That Modern Armies Most Stop Treating Their Communications Operations As Secondary Assignments Or (as Still Too Often Happens) Dumping Grounds For Officers Who Have Failed At Everything Else - But As Missions Absolutely Essential To Success.

The Business Model Of The Conservative Media Is Built On Two Elements: Provoking The Audience Into A Fever Of Indignation (to Keep Them Watching) And Fomenting Mistrust Of All Other Information Sources (so That They Never Change The Channel).

In America, You Will See In Area After Area, Media Under Pressure, Businesses Under Pressure Not To Criticize Donald Trump Lest He Reduce Their Stock Value With An Angry Tweet.

Democracy Is Not About Protests. Democracy Is About Meetings.

People Who Want To Wage Cultural Wars Ought To Keep In Mind That Cultural Views Often Don't Move At All For A Very Long Time, But When They Move They Can Move Very Fast.

That Is The Way Successful Countries, And Canada Has Been One Of The Most Successful Countries Over The Past Quarter Century, They Operate. That When You Win, You Win Within Limits, When You Lose, You Accept The Outcome.

The Soviet Union Was Brought Down By A Strange Global Coalition Of Western European Conservatives, Eastern European Nationalists, Russian Liberals, Chinese Communists, And Afghan Islamic Reactionaries, To Name Only A Few. Many Of These Discordant Groups Disliked The United States Intensely. But Americans Were Able To Mobilize Them To Direct Their Ire At The Soviet Union First.

To Balance China, The Democracies Will Need New Friends - And India With Its Fast-growing Economy, Youthful Population, And Democratic Politics Seems The Obvious Candidate.

One Of The Things You Can Learn From A Figure Like Venezuela's Hugo Chavez Is That If You Take All The Resources Of The State For Yourself, You Don't Build Much Of A Constituency And You Have To Rely On Repression, And Repression Is Difficult In The Modern World.

The Big Winners Under The American Fiscal System Are The Rich, Who Pay Some Of The Lowest Taxes Anywhere In The World; The Old, Who Are The Main Beneficiaries Of The American Social Service State; Farmers, Rural People. These Are Republican Constituencies.

No One Is Murdered In Hungary And There Are No Illegal Arrests, But People Have Begun Again, When They Talk To You In A Public Place Looking Around To See Who's Listening. You See That In Slovakia, You're Beginning To See That In Poland.

The Iraq Fight Itself Is Probably Going To Go Very, Very Fast. The Shooting Should Be Over Within Just A Very Few Days From When It Starts.

Journalism Can Go Right Up To The Door Of The Room In Which The Decisions Are Made. A Novel Can Go Inside The Room - And Inside The Character's Heads.

One Of The Things We're All Going To Have To Discover, Establishment Is Just An Abusive Term For Institutions. It's Institutions That Keep Us Free.

I Do Think Hillary Clinton, I Mean The Clintons, I`ve Got A Lot Of Critiques Of The Clinton Foundation. I Do Think They Bend The Law. But Hillary Clinton Accepts The Concept Of Legality, She Accepts That Courts Are Supreme, Laws Must Be Complied With And The Power Of The State Is Not To Be Used For Persona Revenge Or Personal Enrichment. And That`s Something - Not Something I Trust Donald Trump To Do.

My View On Candidates On Money Is Unless It's Proven That The Donor Stole The Money, The Campaign Keeps The Money.

Why Should We Not Expect Self-designated Environmental Leaders To Practice What They Preach?

Modern Authoritarianism, As It's Growing Inside Europe And Now Coming To The United States, Rests Much More On The Use Of Power To Protect The Guilty Than To Persecute The Innocent. And Its Motive Is Not Crazy Totalitarian Utopianism, It's Motive Is Repressive Kleptocracy. To Steal And To Use The Powers Of The State To Protect Theft.

Democracy Takes Work. That's The Thing We're Really Finding Out, That, You Know, In Many Ways, You Know, The Past Two Decades We've Taken For Granted All Of The Extraordinary Achievements Of The Post-war Generation. You Know, Building This Global Alliance Structure That Has Kept The Peace Across The North Atlantic Since World War Ii. Building All Of These Institutions, Building All This Remarkable Technology. And People Have Privatized. You Know, You Can Now, You Don't Have To Go Outdoors Much, The Whole World Comes To You.

Partly Because Of The Desperate Economic Situation In The Country, What Were Once The Leading Institutions Of Conservatism Are Constrained.

The Canadian Middle Class Is Under Less Pressure Than Any Other Middle Class In Any Developed Country On The Planet. So They Feel Good. They Feel Optimistic. They Feel Secure.

Maybe It's True That People With Less Extreme Views Who Are Also Interested In Public Affairs Have Been Driven Out By A Marketplace That Doesn't Offer Them Anything Of The Tone They Want To Listen To.

Life, As The Signs In The Liquor Stores Say, Is Too Short To Drink Bad Wine. And Summer Is Too Short To Read Bad Books.

Americans Are About To Discover That Their System Is More Vulnerable Than They Thought. There's A Lot Of Complacency In American Politics, There's A Lot Of Complacency In Advanced Democracies Generally.

One Of The Great Drivers Of The Alienation That Has Made Donald Trump Possible Is That The Growth In The American Economy Has Been Weak. In The Decade From 2005 To 2015, There Was Not One Year When The Us Hit Three Per Cent Growth. And To The Extent There's Been Growth, Virtually All Of It Has Been Collected By The Top 10 Per Cent Of The Population. Obviously, If We Knew How To Make Growth Faster, We Would. We Don't. And It's Very Difficult To Make Growth More Broadly Shared. Because It's Not Just The Us That Has This Problem.

[democrats] Hated Richard Nixon, And No Wonder. It Was Nixon Who Sent Alger Hiss To Jail, And Nixon Who Waged The Vietnam War After The Democrats Gave Up.

We All Have More At Stake In The Rules Of The Game Than We Do In The Outcomes Of The Game. When That Changes, That's When You Begin To Lose Democracy.

The Monster Has Escaped Elba!" "the Tyrant Has Landed At Cannes!" "bonaparte Meets The Troops." "napoleon Approaches Paris." "his Imperial Majesty Has Entered The Capital.

Look, The Media Are Trapped By Changes In The Technology And Business Of Their Industry.

If Right And Left Are Competing To Be The Biggest Victim, Who Is Competing To Be The Government?

If You Go On Tv And Say There's No Other Country In The World Where You Can Be Born Poor And Become Rich, You Get A Huge Megaphone. If You Tell The Truth, Which Is That Most Of The Studies Show Actually The United States Is Worse Than Anybody Except Britain In Upward Mobility, There Is No Audience For You.

Upward Mobility

The Great Power The President Has Is That He Is The Most Prominent Person In The Biggest Media Event On The Planet. He Has The Attention Of The Nation And The World. When He Speaks, Everybody Listens.

A Presidential Speech Is Always The Work Of Many Hands.

We, As Conservative Intellectuals, Should Not Be In The Business Of Making Excuses For Bad Parliamentary Decisions By Republican Leaders In Congress.

And That Is How We Intend To Destroy The Enemy!" The Superior Shakes His Head Wearily. "young Man, The Soviets Are Our Adversary. The Navy Is The Enemy.

World War Ii Proved A Hypothesis That Alexis De Tocqueville Advanced A Century Before: The War-fighting Potential Of A Democracy Is At Its Greatest When War Is Most Intense; At Its Weakest When War Is Most Limited. This Is A Lesson With Enduring Relevance To Our Own Times - And Our Own Wars.

I Think The Single Most Important Question Is How Do You Maximize The Number Of Children Who Grow Up In Stable Two-parent Households. We Know In All Kinds Of Ways It Makes A Huge Difference To How Kids Come Out And We Are Hardening Into A Caste Society Where Some Kids Do Better In All Kinds Of Ways Because They Have Two Parents And Others Don't.

Republicans Have To Move To A Point Of Greater Unity.

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