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This Question Of Legal Plunder Must Be Settled Once And For All, And There Are Only Three Ways To Settle It: (1) The Few Plunder The Many. (2) Everybody Plunders Everybody. (3) Nobody Plunders Anybody.

-Frederic Bastiat

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This Question Of Legal

Frederic Bastiat

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This Question Of Legal Plunder Must Be Settled Once And For All, And There Are Only Three Ways To Settle It: (1) The Few Plunder The Many. (2) Everybody Plunders Everybody. (3) Nobody Plunders Anybody.

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The Mission Of The Law Is Not To Oppress Persons And Plunder Them Of Their Property, Even Though The Law May Be Acting In A Philanthropic Spirit. Its Purpose Is To Protect Persons And Property.... If You Exceed This Proper Limit -- If You Attempt To Make The Law Religious, Fraternal, Equalizing, Philanthropic, Industrial, Or Artistic -- You Will Then Be Lost In Uncharted Territory, In Vagueness And Uncertainty, In A Forced Utopia Or, Even Worse, In A Multitude Of Utopias, Each Striving To Seize The Law And Impose It On You.

Which Countries Contain The Most Peaceful, The Most Moral, And The Happiest People? Those People Are Found In The Countries Where The Law Least Interferes With Private Affairs; Where The Government Is Least Felt; Where The Individual Has The Greatest Scope, And Free Opinion The Greatest Influence; Where The Administrative Powers Are Fewest And Simplest; Where Taxes Are Lightest And Most Nearly Equal

Trade Barriers Constitute Isolation; Isolation Gives Rise To Hatred, Hatred To War, And War To Invasion.

Now, Legal Plunder Can Be Committed In An Infinite Number Of Ways. Thus We Have An Infinite Number Of Plans For Organizing It: Tariffs, Protection, Benefits, Subsidies, Encouragements, Progressive Taxation, Public Schools, Guaranteed Jobs, Guaranteed Profits, Minimum Wages, A Right To Relief, A Right To The Tools Of Labor, Free Credit, And So On, And So On.

Life, Faculties, Production-in Other Words, Individuality, Liberty, Property-this Is Man. And In Spite Of The Cunning Of Artful Political Leaders, These Three Gifts From God Precede All Human Legislation, And Are Superior To It.

Law Is Justice. And It Is Under The Law Of Justice - Under The Reign Of Right; Under The Influence Of Liberty, Safety, Stability, And Responsibility - That Every Person Will Attain His Real Worth And The True Dignity Of His Being. It Is Only Under This Law Of Justice That Mankind Will Achieve - Slowly, No Doubt, But Certainly - God's Design For The Orderly And Peaceful Progress Of Humanity.

Each Of Us Has A Natural Right, From God, To Defend His Person, His Liberty, And His Property.

The Law Can Be An Instrument Of Equalization Only As It Takes From Some Persons And Gives To Other Persons. When The Law Does This, It Is An Instrument Of Plunder.

When Goods Do Not Cross Borders, Soldiers Will.

When Plunder Becomes A Way Of Life, Men Create For Themselves A Legal System That Authorizes It And A Moral Code That Glorifies It.

Now Since Man Is Naturally Inclined To Avoid Pain - And Since Labor Is Pain In Itself - It Follows That Men Will Resort To Plunder Whenever Plunder Is Easier Than Work. History Shows This Quite Clearly. And Under These Conditions, Neither Religion Nor Morality Can Stop It. When, Then, Does Plunder Stop? It Stops When It Becomes More Painful And More Dangerous Than Labor. It Is Evident, Then, That The Proper Purpose Of Law Is To Use The Power Of Its Collective Force To Stop This Fatal Tendency To Plunder Instead Of To Work. All The Measures Of The Law Should Protect Property And Punish Plunder.

[to Learn] Is To Harness Nature; To Spare Man All That Is Most Physical, Backbreaking, And Brutish In The Work Of Production; To Make Mind Master Over Matter.

Law Is Justice. In This Proposition A Simple And Enduring Government Can Be Conceived. And I Defy Anyone To Say How Even The Thought Of Revolution, Of Insurrection, Of The Slightest Uprising Could Arise Against A Government Whose Organized Force Was Confined Only To Suppressing Injustice.

The Plans Differ; The Planners Are All Alike.

The Worst Thing That Can Happen To A Good Cause Is Not To Be Skillfully Attacked, But To Be Ineptly Defended.

The State Tends To Expand In Proportion To Its Means Of Existence And To Live Beyond Its Means, And These Are, In The Last Analysis, Nothing But The Substance Of The People. Woe To The People That Cannot Limit The Sphere Of Action Of The State! Freedom, Private Enterprise, Wealth, Happiness, Independence, Personal Dignity, All Vanish.

Man Acquires Wealth In Proportion As He Puts His Labor To Better Account.

There Are People Who Think That Plunder Loses All Its Immorality As Soon As It Becomes Legal. Personally, I Cannot Imagine A More Alarming Situation.

I Find It Hard To Understand Why Those Who Demand Unitary Education By The State Do Not Also Demand A Unitary Press By The State... Either The State Is Infallible, In Which Case We Could Not Do Better Than To Submit To It The Entire Domain Of Intelligent Thought, Or It Is Not, In Which Case It Is No More Rational To Hand Over Education To It Than The Press.

Since The Natural Tendencies Of Mankind Are So Bad That It Is Not Safe To Allow Them Liberty, How Comes It To Pass That The Tendencies Of Organizers Are Always Good?

Why Don't You Reform Yourselves? That Task Would Be Sufficient Enough.

As Proof Of This Statement, Consider This Question: Have The People Ever Been Known To Rise Against The Court Of Appeals, Or Mob A Justice Of The Peace, In Order To Get Higher Wages, Free Credit, Tools Of Production, Favorable Tariffs, Or Government-created Jobs? Everyone Knows Perfectly Well That Such Matters Are Not Within The Jurisdiction Of The Court Of Appeals Or A Justice Of The Peace. And If Government Were Limited To Its Proper Functions, Everyone Would Soon Learn That These Matters Are Not Within The Jurisdiction Of The Law Itself.

The People Who, During The Election, Were So Wise, So Moral, So Perfect, Now Have No Tendencies Whatever; Or If They Have Any, They Are Tendencies That Lead Downward To Degradation. . . . If People Are As Incapable, As Immoral, And As Ignorant As The Politicians Indicate, Then Why Is The Right Of These Same People To Vote Defended With Such Passionate Insistence?

It Is Indeed A Singular Thing That People Wish To Pass Laws To Nullify The Disagreeable Consequences That The Law Of Responsibility Entails. Will They Never Realize That They Do Not Eliminate These Consequences But Merely Pass Them Along To Other People? The Result Is One Injustice The More And One Moral The Less.

In Short, Is Not Liberty The Freedom Of Every Person To Make Full Use Of His Faculties, So Long As He Does Not Harm Other Persons While Doing So?

No Society Can Exist If Respect For The Law Does Not To Some Extent Prevail; But The Surest Way To Have The Laws Respected Is To Make Them Respectable. When Law And Morality Are In Contradiction, The Citizen Finds Himself In The Cruel Dilemma Of Either Losing His Moral Sense Or Of Losing Respect For The Law, Two Evils Of Which One Is As Great As The Other, And Between Which It Is Difficult To Choose.

It Is Not True That The Legislator Has Absolute Power Over Our Persons And Property, Since They Pre-exist, And His Work Is Only To Secure Them From Injury. It Is Not True That The Mission Of The Law Is To Regulate Our Consciences, Our Ideas, Our Will, Our Education, Our Sentiments, Our Works, Our Exchanges, Our Gifts, Our Enjoyments. Its Mission Is To Prevent The Rights Of One From Interfering With Those Of Another, In Any One Of These Things.

Justice Is Achieved Only When Injustice Is Absent.

Who Then Would Not Like To See These Benefits Flow Upon The World From The Law, As From An Inexhaustible Source? But Is It Possible? Whence Does The State Draw Those Resources That It Is Urged To Dispense By Way Of Benefits To Individuals? Is It Not From The Individuals Themselves? How, Then, Can These Resources Be Increased By Passing Through The Hands Of A Parasitic And Voracious Intermediary?

Trade Protection Accumulates Upon A Single Point The Good Which It Effects, While The Evil Inflicted Is Infused Throughout The Mass. The One Strikes The Eye At A First Glance, While The Other Becomes Perceptible Only To Close Investigation.

The Sort Of Dependence That Results From Exchange, I.e., From Commercial Transactions, Is A Reciprocal Dependence. We Cannot Be Dependent Upon A Foreigner Without His Being Dependent On Us. Now, This Is What Constitutes The Very Essence Of Society. To Sever Natural Interrelations Is Not To Make Oneself Independent, But To Isolate Oneself Completely.

Now Since Man Is Naturally Inclined To Avoid Pain - And Since Labor Is Pain In Itself - It Follows That Men Will Resort To Plunder Whenever Plunder Is Easier Than Work. History Shows This Quite Clearly. And Under These Conditions, Neither Religion Nor Morality Can Stop It. When, Then, Does Plunder Stop? It Stops When It Becomes More Painful And More Dangerous Than Labor.

Finally, Is Not Liberty The Restricting Of The Law Only To Its Rational Sphere Of Organizing The Right Of The Individual To Lawful Self-defense; Of Punishing Injustice?

It Is Easier To Show The Disorder That Must Accompany Reform Than The Order That Should Follow It.

They Would Be The Shepherds Over Us, Their Sheep. Certainly Such An Arrangement Presupposes That They Are Naturally Superior To The Rest Of Us. And Certainly We Are Fully Justified In Demanding From The Legislators And Organizers Proof Of This Natural Superiority.

It Is Impossible To Introduce Into Society A Greater Change And A Greater Evil Than This: The Conversion Of The Law Into An Instrument Of Plunder.

Treat All Economic Questions From The Viewpoint Of The Consumer, For The Interests Of The Consumer Are The Interests Of The Human Race.

The Impulses Of My Heart Are The Voice Of Nature, Which Is Never Mistaken. The Institutions That Stand In My Way Are Man-made And Are Only Arbitrary Conventions To Which I Have Never Given My Consent. In Trampling These Institutions Underfoot, I Shall Have The Double Pleasure Of Satisfying My Inclinations And Of Believing Myself A Hero

The Most Urgent Necessity Is, Not That The State Should Teach, But That It Should Allow Education. All Monopolies Are Detestable, But The Worst Of All Is The Monopoly Of Education.

People Are Beginning To Realize That The Apparatus Of Government Is Costly. But What They Do Not Know Is That The Burden Falls Inevitably On Them.

Here I Encounter The Most Popular Fallacy Of Our Times. It Is Not Considered Sufficient That The Law Should Guarantee To Every Citizen The Free And Inoffensive Use Of His Faculties For Physical, Intellectual And Moral Self-improvement. Instead, It Is Demanded That The Law Should Directly Extend Welfare, Education, And Morality Throughout The Nation. This Is The Seductive Lure Of Socialism. And I Repeat: These Two Uses Of The Law Are In Direct Contradiction To Each Other.

Ah, You Miserable Creatures! You Who Think That You Are So Great! You Who Judge Humanity To Be So Small! You Who Wish To Reform Everything! Why Don't You Reform Yourselves? That Task Would Be Sufficient Enough.

Since No Individual Acting Separately Can Lawfully Use Force To Destroy The Rights Of Others, Does It Not Logically Follow That The Same Principle Also Applies To The Common Force That Is Nothing More Than The Organized Combination Of The Individual Forces?

Men Naturally Rebel Against The Injustice Of Which They Are Victims. Thus, When Plunder Is Organized By Law For The Profit Of Those Who Make The Law, All The Plundered Classes Try Somehow To Enter, By Peaceful Or Revolutionary Means, Into The Making Of Laws. According To Their Degree Of Enlightenment, These Plundered Classes May Propose One Of Two Entirely Different Purposes When They Attempt To Attain Political Power: Either They May Wish To Stop Lawful Plunder, Or They May Wish To Share In It.

It's Always Tempting To Do Good At Someone Else's Expense

The Law Commit Legal Plunder By Violating Liberty And Property.

The Politician Attempts To Remedy The Evil By Increasing The Very Thing That Caused The Evil In The First Place: Legal Plunder.

You Compare The Nation To A Parched Piece Of Land And The Tax To A Life-giving Rain. So Be It. But You Should Also Ask Yourself Where This Rain Comes From, And Whether It Is Not Precisely The Tax That Draws The Moisture From The Soil And Dries It Up. You Should Also Ask Yourself Further Whether The Soil Receives More Of This Precious Water From The Rain Than It Loses By The Evaporation?

When Law And Morality Contradict Each Other, The Citizen Has The Cruel Alternative Of Either Losing His Moral Sense Or Losing His Respect For The Law.

No Legal Plunder: This Is The Principle Of Justice.

The Creation Of New Capital Always... Releases... Labor. Its Actual Effect [though] Is Not To Make Jobs Scarce, But To Free Men's Labor For Other Jobs.

By Virtue Of Exchange, One Man's Prosperity Is Beneficial To All Others.

Legal Plunder Has Two Roots: One, As We Have Just Seen, Is In Human Selfishness; The Other Is In False Philanthropy.

Socialism, Like The Ancient Ideas From Which It Springs, Confuses The Distinction Between Government And Society. As A Result Of This, Every Time We Object To A Thing Being Done By Government, The Socialists Conclude That We Object To Its Being Done At All . . . . It Is As If The Socialists Were To Accuse Us Of Not Wanting Persons To Eat Because We Do Not Want The State To Raise Grain

Libertarian Party

The Mission Of Law Is Not To Oppress Persons And Plunder Them Of Their Property, Even Thought The Law May Be Acting In A Philanthropic Spirit. Its Mission Is To Protect Property.

Is Not Liberty The Destruction Of All Despotism - Including, Of Course, Legal Despotism?

If You Wish To Prosper, Let Your Customer Prosper. When People Have Learned This Lesson, Everyone Will Seek His Individual Welfare In The General Welfare. Then Jealousies Between Man And Man, City And City, Province And Province, Nation And Nation, Will No Longer Trouble The World.

The Law Is The Collective Organization Of The Individual's Right To Lawful Defense Of His Life, Liberty And Property. When It Is Used For Anything Else, No Matter How Noble The Cause, It Becomes Perverted And Justice Is Weakened. Thus, The Law Has Become Perverted By Stupid Greed And False Philanthropy.

The Law Has Been Perverted, And The Powers Of The State Have Become Perverted Along With It. The Law Has Not Only Been Turned From Its Proper Function, But Made To Follow An Entirely Contrary Purpose. The Law Has Become A Tool For Every Kind Of Greed. Instead Of Preventing Crime, The Law Itself Is Guilty Of The Abuses It Is Supposed To Punish. If This Is True, It Is A Serious Matter, And Moral Duty Requires Me To Call The Attention Of My Fellow-citizens To It.

If Every Person Has The Right To Defend - Even By Force - His Person, His Liberty, And His Property, Then It Follows That A Group Of Men Have The Right To Organize And Support A Common Force To Protect These Rights Constantly. Thus, Since An Individual Cannot Lawfully Use Force Against The Person, Liberty, Or Property Of Another Individual, Then The Common Force - For The Same Reason - Cannot Lawfully Be Used To Destroy The Person, Liberty, Or Property Of Individuals Or Groups.

Let Us First Of All Frugality In Government-peace And Freedom We Will Have As A Bonus.

It Is Easy To Understand Why The Law Is Used By The Legislator To Destroy In Varying Degrees Among The Rest Of The People, Their Personal Independence By Slavery, Their Liberty By Oppression, And Their Property By Plunder. This Is Done For The Benefit Of The Person Who Makes The Law, And In Proportion To The Power That He Holds.

There Is Not A Tool, An Implement, Or A Machine That Has Not Resulted In A Decrease In The Contribution Of Human Labor. Labor Is Not Made Permanently Idle [though]; When Replaced In One Special Category... It Turns Its Attack Against Other Obstacles On The Main Road To Progress.

Property Does Not Exist Because There Are Laws, But Laws Exist Because There Is Property.

Law Cannot Organize Labor And Industry Without Organizing Injustice.

Property, The Right To Enjoy The Fruits Of One's Labor, The Right To Work, To Develop, To Exercise One's Faculties, According To One's Own Understanding, Without The State Intervening Otherwise Than By Its Protective Action; This Is What Is Meant By Liberty

All You Have To Do, Is To See Whether The Law Takes From Some What Belongs To Them In Order To Give It To Others To Whom It Does Not Belong. We Must See Whether The Law Performs, For The Profit Of One Citizen And To The Detriment Of Others, An Act Which That Citizen Could Not Perform Himself Without Being Guilty Of A Crime. Repeal Such A Law Without Delay. ... [i]f You Don't Take Care, What Begins By Being An Exception Tends To Become General, To Multiply Itself, And To Develop Into A Veritable System.

And What Is Liberty, Whose Very Name Makes The Heart Beat Faster And Shakes The World? Is It Not The Union Of All Liberties - Liberty Of Conscience, Of Education, Of Association, Of The Press, Of Travel, Or Labor, Or Trade?

What, Then Is Law [government]? It Is The Collective Organization Of The Individual Right To Lawful Defense.

No Legal Plunder: This Is The Principle Of Justice, Peace, Order, Stability, Harmony, And Logic. Until The Day Of My Death, I Shall Proclaim This Principle With All The Force Of My Lungs (which Alas! Is All Too Inadequate).

Either Fraternity Is Spontaneous, Or It Does Not Exist. To Decree It Is To Annihilate It. The Law Can Indeed Force Men To Remain Just; In Vain Would It Try To Force Them To Be Self-sacrificing.

This Question Of Legal Plunder Must Be Settled Once And For All, And There Are Only Three Ways To Settle It: (1) The Few Plunder The Many. (2) Everybody Plunders Everybody. (3) Nobody Plunders Anybody.

In An Economy, An Act, A Habit, An Institution, Or A Law, Gives Birth Not Only To An Effect, But To A Series Of Effects. Of These Effects, The First Only Is Immediate; It Manifests Itself Simultaneously With Its Cause - It Is Seen. The Others Unfold In Succession - They Are Not Seen. Now This Difference Is Enormous, For It Is Often True That When The Immediate Consequence Is Favorable, The Ultimate Consequences Are Fatal, And The Converse.

Taking Five And Returning Four Is Not Giving

Try To Imagine A System Of Labor Imposed By Force That Is Not A Violation Of Liberty; A Transfer Of Wealth Imposed By Force That Is Not A Violation Of Property Rights. If You Cannot Do So, Then You Must Agree That The Law Cannot Organize Labor And Industry Without Organizing Injustice.

And This Is What Has Taken Place. The Delusion Of The Day Is To Enrich All Classes At The Expense Of Each Other; It Is To Generalize Plunder Under Pretense Of Organizing It.

It Must Be Admitted That The Tendency Of The Human Race Toward Liberty Is Largely Thwarted, Especially In France. This Is Greatly Due To A Fatal Desire-learned From The Teachings Of Antiquity-that Our Writers On Public Affairs Have In Common: They Desire To Set Themselves Above Mankind In Order To Arrange, Organize, And Regulate It According To Their Fancy.

But Life Cannot Maintain Itself Alone. The Creator Of Life Has Entrusted Us With The Responsibility Of Preserving, Developing, And Perfecting It. In Order That We May Accomplish This, He Has Provided Us With A Collection Of Marvelous Faculties. And He Has Put Us In The Midst Of A Variety Of Natural Resources. By The Application Of Our Faculties To These Natural Resources We Convert Them Into Products, And Use Them. The Process Is Necessary In Order That Life May Run Its Appointed Course.

When Under The Pretext Of Fraternity, The Legal Code Imposes Mutual Sacrifices On The Citizens, Human Nature Is Not Thereby Abrogated. Everyone Will Then Direct His Efforts Toward Contributing Little To, And Taking Much From, The Common Fund Of Sacrifices. Now, Is It The Most Unfortunate Who Gains From This Struggle? Certainly Not, But Rather The Most Influential And Calculating.

The Balance Of Trade Is An Article Of Faith.

If Everyone Enjoyed The Unrestricted Use Of His Faculties And The Free Disposition Of The Fruits Of His Labor, Social Progress Would Be Ceaseless, Uninterrupted, And Unfailing.

When, Then, Does Plunder Stop? It Stops When It Becomes More Painful And More Dangerous Than Labor.

The Real Cost Of The State Is The Prosperity We Do Not See, The Jobs That Don’t Exist, The Technologies To Which We Do Not Have Access, The Businesses That Do Not Come Into Existence, And The Bright Future That Is Stolen From Us. The State Has Looted Us Just As Surely As A Robber Who Enters Our Home At Night And Steals All That We Love.

When Misguided Public Opinion Honors What Is Despicable And Despises What Is Honorable, Punishes Virtue And Rewards Vice, Encourages What Is Harmful And Discourages What Is Useful, Applauds Falsehood And Smothers Truth Under Indifference Or Insult, A Nation Turns Its Back On Progress And Can Be Restored Only By The Terrible Lessons Of Catastrophe.

Liberty Is An Acknowledgement Of Faith In God And His Works.

Acknowledgement

Thus, If There Exists A Law Which Sanctions Slavery Or Monopoly, Oppression Or Robbery, In Any Form Whatever, It Must Not Even Be Mentioned. For How Can It Be Mentioned Without Damaging The Respect Which It Inspires? Still Further, Morality And Political Economy Must Be Taught From The Point Of View Of This Law; From The Supposition That It Must Be A Just Law Merely Because It Is A Law. Another Effect Of This Tragic Perversion Of The Law Is That It Gives An Exaggerated Importance To Political Passions And Conflicts, And To Politics In General.

The Mind Never Fully Accepts Any Convictions That It Does Not Owe To Its Own Efforts.

Society Is Composed Of Men, And Every Man Is A Free Agent. Since Man Is Free, He Can Choose; Since He Can Choose, He Can Err; Since He Can Err, He Can Suffer. I Go Further: He Must Err And He Must Suffer; For His Starting Point Is Ignorance, And In His Ignorance He Sees Before Him An Infinite Number Of Unknown Roads, All Of Which Save One Lead To Error.

There Is In All Of A Strong Disposition To Believe That Anything Lawful Is Also Legitimate. This Belief Is So Widespread That Many Persons Have Erroneously Held That Things Are "just" Because The Law Makes Them So.

If You Wish To Prosper, Let Your Customer Prosper.

The State Is The Great Fictitious Entity By Which Everyone Seeks To Live At The Expense Of Everyone Else.

There Is Only One Difference Between A Bad Economist And A Good One: The Bad Economist Confines Himself To The Visible Effect; The Good Economist Takes Into Account Both The Effect That Can Be Seen And Those Effects That Must Be Foreseen.

The Law Has Been Perverted Through The Influence Of Two Very Different Causes-naked Greed And Misconceived Philanthropy.

We Cannot Doubt That Self-interest Is The Mainspring Of Human Nature. It Must Be Clearly Understood That This Word Is Used Here To Designate A Universal, Incontestable Fact, Resulting From The Nature Of Man, And Not An Adverse Judgment, As Would Be The Word Selfishness.

In Fact, If Law Were Restricted To Protecting All Persons, All Liberties, And All Properties; If Law Were Nothing More Than The Organized Combination Of The Individual's Right To Self-defense; If Law Were The Obstacle, The Check, The Punisher Of All Oppression And Plunder - Is It Likely That We Citizens Would Then Argue Much About The Extent Of The Franchise?

And Now That The Legislators And Do-gooders Have So Futilely Inflicted So Many Systems Upon Society, May They Finally End Where They Should Have Begun: May They Reject All Systems, And Try Liberty; For Liberty Is An Acknowledgment Of Faith In God And His Works

We Hold From God The Gift Which Includes All Others. This Gift Is Life - Physical, Intellectual, And Moral Life.

If Philanthropy Is Not Voluntary, It Destroys Liberty And Justice. The Law Can Give Nothing That Has Not First Been Taken From Its Owner.

Life, Liberty, And Property Do Not Exist Because Men Have Made Laws. On The Contrary, It Was The Fact That Life, Liberty, And Property Existed Beforehand That Caused Men To Make Laws In The First Place.

[socialists Claim] That We Reject Fraternity, Solidarity, Organization, And Association; And They Brand Us With The Name Of Individualists. We Can Assure Them That What We Repudiate Is Not Natural Organization, But Forced Organization. It Is Not Free Association, But The Forms Of Association That They Would Impose Upon Us. It Is Not Spontaneous Fraternity, But Legal Fraternity. It Is Not Providential Solidarity, But Artificial Solidarity, Which Is Only An Unjust Displacement Of Responsibility. Socialism . . . Confounds Government And Society.

I Believe That My Theory Is Correct; For Whatever Be The Question Upon Which I Am Arguing, Whether It Be Religious, Philosophical, Political, Or Economical; Whether It Affects Well-being, Morality, Equality, Right, Justice, Progress, Responsibility, Property, Labor, Exchange, Capital, Wages, Taxes, Population, Credit, Or Government; At Whatever Point Of The Scientific Horizon I Start From, I Invariably Come To The Same Thing—the Solution Of The Social Problem Is In Liberty.

Competition Is Merely The Absence Of Oppression.

We Cannot But Be Astonished At The Ease With Which Men Resign Themselves To Ignorance About What Is Most Important For Them To Know; And We May Be Certain That They Are Determined To Remain Invincibly Ignorant If They Once Come To Consider It As Axiomatic That There Are No Absolute Principles.

Countries Which Enjoy The Highest Level Of Peace, Happiness And Prosperity Are The Ones Where The Law Least Interfered With Private Affairs.

Slavery, Protection, And Monopoly Find Defenders, Not Only In Those Who Profit By Them, But In Those Who Suffer By Them.

It Is Not True That The Legislator Has Absolute Power Over Our Persons And Property. The Existence Of Persons And Property Preceded The Existence Of The Legislator, And His Function Is Only To Guarantee Their Safety.

...the Statement, "the Purpose Of The Law Is To Cause Justice To Reign," Is Not A Rigorously Accurate Statement. It Ought To Be Stated That The Purpose Of The Law Is To Prevent Injustice From Reigning. In Fact, It Is Injustice, Instead Of Justice, That Has An Existence Of Its Own. Justice Is Achieved Only When Injustice Is Absent.

If Socialists Mean That Under Extraordinary Circumstances, For Urgent Cases, The State Should Set Aside Some Resources To Assist Certain Unfortunate People, To Help Them Adjust To Changing Conditions, We Will, Of Course, Agree. This Is Done Now; We Desire That It Be Done Better. There Is However, A Point On This Road That Must Not Be Passed; It Is The Point Where Governmental Foresight Would Step In To Replace Individual Foresight And Thus Destroy It.

We Disapprove Of State Education. Then The Socialists Say That We Are Opposed To Any Education. We Object To A State Religion. Then The Socialists Say That We Want No Religion At All. We Object To A State-enforced Equality. Then They Say That We Are Against Equality. And So On, And So On. It Is As If The Socialists Were To Accuse Us Of Not Wanting Persons To Eat Because We Do Not Want The State To Raise Grain.

But We Assure The Socialists That We Repudiate Only Forced Organization, Not Natural Organization. We Repudiate The Forms Of Association That Are Forced Upon Us, Not Free Association. We Repudiate Forced Fraternity, Not True Fraternity. We Repudiate The Artificial Unity That Does Nothing More Than Deprive Persons Of Individual Responsibility. We Do Not Repudiate The Natural Unity Of Mankind Under Providence.

If Goods Don't Cross Borders, Armies Will.

Legal Plunder Can Be Committed In An Infinite Number Of Ways; Hence, There Are An Infinite Number Of Plans For Organizing It: Tariffs, Protection, Bonuses, Subsidies, Incentives, The Progressive Income Tax, Free Education, The Right To Employment, The Right To Profit, The Right To Wages, The Right To Relief, The Right To The Tools Of Production, Interest Free Credit, Etc., Etc. And It The Aggregate Of All These Plans, In Respect To What They Have In Common, Legal Plunder, That Goes Under The Name Of Socialism.

The Profit Of The One Is The Profit Of The Other.

Nothing Is More Senseless Than To Base So Many Expectations On The State, That Is, To Assume The Existence Of Collective Wisdom And Foresight After Taking For Granted The Existence Of Individual Imbecility And Improvidence.

If The Natural Tendencies Of Mankind Are So Bad That It Is Not Safe To Permit People To Be Free, How Is It That The Tendencies Of These Organizers Are Always Good? Do Not The Legislators And Their Appointed Agents Also Belong To The Human Race? Or Do They Believe That They Themselves Are Made Of A Finer Clay Than The Rest Of Mankind?

Everyone Wants To Live At The Expense Of The State. They Forget That The State Wants To Live At The Expense Of Everyone.

Second Amendment

As Long As It Is Admitted That The Law May Be Diverted From Its True Purpose - That It May Violate Property Instead Of Protecting It - Then Everyone Will Want To Participate In Making The Law, Either To Protect Himself Against Plunder Or To Use It For Plunder.

The Solution Of The Social Problem Is In Liberty.

Government Is The Great Fiction, Through Which Everybody Endeavors To Live At The Expense Of Everybody Else.

They Will Come To Learn In The End, At Their Own Expense, That It Is Better To Endure Competition For Rich Customers Than To Be Invested With Monopoly Over Impoverished Customers.

Sometimes The Law Defends Plunder And Participates In It. Sometimes The Law Places The Whole Apparatus Of Judges, Police, Prisons And Gendarmes At The Service Of The Plunderers, And Treats The Victim - When He Defends Himself - As A Criminal.

In War, The Stronger Overcomes The Weaker. In Business, The Stronger Imparts Strength To The Weaker.

Often The Masses Are Plundered And Do Not Know It.

But How Is This Legal Plunder To Be Identified? Quite Simply. See If The Law Takes From Some Persons What Belongs To Them And Gives It To Other Persons To Whom It Does Not Belong. See If The Law Benefits One Citizen At The Expense Of Another By Doing What The Citizen Himself Cannot Do Without Committing A Crime.

Repetition May Not Entertain, But It Teaches.

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