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The Strange And Wonderful Book Of Job Treats Of The Same Subject As We Are Discussing; Its Contents Are A Fiction, Conceived For The Purpose Of Explaining The Different Opinions Which People Hold On Divine Providence. ...this Fiction, However, Is In So Far Different From Other Fictions That It Includes Profound Ideas And Great Mysteries, Removes Great Doubts, And Reveals The Most Important Truths. I Will Discuss It As Fully As Possible; And I Will Also Tell You The Words Of Our Sages That Suggested To Me The Explanation Of This Great Poem.

-Maimonides

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The Strange And Wonderful

Maimonides

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The Strange And Wonderful Book Of Job Treats Of The Same Subject As We Are Discussing; Its Contents Are A Fiction, Conceived For The Purpose Of Explaining The Different Opinions Which People Hold On Divine Providence. ...this Fiction, However, Is In So Far Different From Other Fictions That It Includes Profound Ideas And Great Mysteries, Removes Great Doubts, And Reveals The Most Important Truths. I Will Discuss It As Fully As Possible; And I Will Also Tell You The Words Of Our Sages That Suggested To Me The Explanation Of This Great Poem.

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All Attributes Ascribed To God Are Attributes Of His Acts, And Do Not Imply That God Has Any Qualities.

Truth Does Not Become More True By Virtue Of The Fact That The Entire World Agrees With It, Nor Less So Even If The Whole World Disagrees With It.

The Error Of The Ignorant Goes So Far As To Say That God's Power Is Insufficient, Because He Has Given To This Universe The Properties Which They Imagine Cause These Great Evils, And Which Do Not Help All Evil-disposed Persons To Obtain The Evil Which They Seek, And To Bring Their Evil Souls To The Aim Of Their Desires, Though These, As We Have Shown, Are Really Without Limit.

The Strange And Wonderful Book Of Job Treats Of The Same Subject As We Are Discussing; Its Contents Are A Fiction, Conceived For The Purpose Of Explaining The Different Opinions Which People Hold On Divine Providence. ...this Fiction, However, Is In So Far Different From Other Fictions That It Includes Profound Ideas And Great Mysteries, Removes Great Doubts, And Reveals The Most Important Truths. I Will Discuss It As Fully As Possible; And I Will Also Tell You The Words Of Our Sages That Suggested To Me The Explanation Of This Great Poem.

A Truth Does Not Become Greater By Repetition.

Even The Existence Of This Corporeal Element, Low As It In Reality Is, Because It Is The Source Of Death And All Evils, Is Likewise Good For The Permanence Of The Universe And The Continuation Of The Order Of Things, So That One Thing Departs And The Other Succeeds.

Every Ignoramus Imagines That All That Exists, Exists With A View To His Individual Sake; It Is As If There Were Nothing That Exists Except Him. And If Something Happens To Him That Is Contrary To What He Wishes, He Makes The Trenchant Judgement That All That Exists Is An Evil.

Lose With Truth And Right Rather Than Gain With Falsehood And Wrong.

If A Person Studies Too Much And Exhausts His Reflective Powers, He Will Be Confused, And Will Not Be Able To Apprehend Even That Which Had Been Within The Power Of His Apprehension. For The Powers Of The Body Are All Alike In This Respect.

There Are Eight Rungs In Charity. The Highest Is When You Help A Man To Help Himself.

God Who Preceded All Existence Is A Refuge.

He Who Immerses Himself In Sexual Intercourse Will Be Assailed By Premature Aging, His Strength Will Wane, His Eyes Will Weaken, And A Bad Odour Will Emit From His Mouth And His Armpits, His Teeth Will Fall Out And Many Other Maladies Will Afflict Him.

Man's Shortcomings And Sins Are All Due To The Substance Of The Body And Not To Its Form; While All His Merits Are Exclusively Due To His Form.

For Every Force Charged By God, May He Be Exalted, With Some Business Is An Angel Put In Charge.

One Should See The World, And See Himself As A Scale With An Equal Balance Of Good And Evil. When He Does One Good Deed The Scale Is Tipped To The Good - He And The World Is Saved. When He Does One Evil Deed The Scale Is Tipped To The Bad - He And The World Is Destroyed.

The Fact That Laws Were Given To Man, Both Affirmative And Negative, Supports The Principle, That God's Knowledge Of Future Events Does Not Change Their Character. The Great Doubt That Presents Itself To Our Mind Is The Result Of The Insufficiency Of Our Intellect.

Hold Firmly To Your Word.

It Is Hard For A Woman With Whom An Uncircumcised Man Has Had Sexual Intercourse To Separate From Him. In My Opinion This Is The Strongest Of The Reasons For Circumcision.

When Reading My Present Treatise, Bear In Mind That By "faith" We Do Not Understand Merely That Which Is Uttered With The Lips, But Also That Which Is Apprehended By The Soul, The Conviction That The Object [of Belief] Is Exactly As It Is Apprehended. If, As Regards Real Or Supposed Truths, You Content Yourself With Giving Utterance To Them In Words, Without Apprehending Them Or Believing In Them, Especially If You Do Not Seek Real Truth, You Have A Very Easy Task As, In Fact, You Will Find Many Ignorant People Professing Articles Of Faith Without Connecting Any Idea With Them.

The Great Sickness And The Grievous Evil Consist In This: That All The Things That Man Finds Written In Books, He Presumes To Think Of As True-and All The More So If The Books Are Old.

The Physician Should Not Treat The Disease But The Patient Who Is Suffering From It

It Is Well Known Among Physicians That The Best Of The Nourishing Foods Is The One That The Moslem Religion Forbids, I.e., Wine. It Contains Much Good And Light Nourishment. It Is Rapidly Digested And Helps To Digest Other Foods.

Be Convinced That, If Man Were Able To Reach The End Without Preparatory Studies, Such Studies Would Not Be Preparatory But Tiresome And Utterly Superfluous.

The Third Class Of Evils Comprise Those Which Everyone Causes To Himself By His Own Action. This Is The Largest Class, And Is Far More Numerous Than The Second Class. It Is Especially Of These Evils That All Men Complain, - Only Few Men Are Found That Do Not Sin Against Themselves By This Kind Of Evil. ...this Class Of Evil Originates In Man's Vices, Such As Excessive Desire For Eating, Drinking, And Love; Indulgence In These Things In Undue Measure, Or In Improper Manner, Or Partaking Of Bad Food. This Course Brings Diseases And Afflictions Upon The Body And Soul Alike.

First Theory . There Is No Providence At All For Anything In The Universe; All Parts Of The Universe, The Heavens And What They Contain, Owe Their Origin To Accident And Chance; There Exists No Being That Rules And Governs Them Or Provides For Them. This Is The Theory Of Epicurus.

Astrology Is A Disease, Not A Science.

Further, There Are Things Of Which The Mind Understands One Part, But Remains Ignorant Of The Other; And When Man Is Able To Comprehend Certain Things, It Does Not Follow That He Must Be Able To Comprehend Everything.

Those Who Believe That... Detailed Rules Originate In A Certain Cause, Are As Far From The Truth As Those Who Assume That The Whole Law Is Useless.

I Find It Expressed In Various Passages Of Scripture That The Fact That God Knows Things While In A State Of Possibility, When Their Existence Belongs To The Future, Does Not Change The Nature Of The Possible In Any Way; That Nature Remains Unchanged; And The Knowledge Of The Realisation Of One Of Several Possibilities Does Not Yet Effect That Realisation. This Is Likewise One Of The Fundamental Principles Of The Law Of Moses Concerning Which There Is No Doubt Nor Any Dispute.

Now, We Occupy A Lowly Position, Both In Space And Rank In Comparison With The Heavenly Sphere, And The Almighty Is Most High Not In Space, But With Respect To Absolute Existence, Greatness And Power.

How Individuals Of The Same Species Surpass Each Other In These Sensations And In Other Bodily Faculties Is Universally Known, But There Is A Limit To Them, And Their Power Cannot Extend To Every Distance Or To Every Degree.

If One Avoids Haughtiness To The Utmost Extent And Is Exceedingly Humble, He Is Termed A Saint, And This Is The Standard Of Saintliness.

It Is Not Unreasonable To Assume That The Works Of God, Their Existence And Preceding Non-existence, Are The Result Of His Wisdom, But We Are Unable To Understand Many Of The Ways Of His Wisdom In His Works. On This Principle The Whole Law Of Moses Is Based; It Begins With This Principle: "and God Saw All That He Had Made, And Behold, It Was Very Good" (gen. I. 31); And It Ends With This Principle: "the Rock, Perfect Is His Work" (deut. Xxxii. 4). Note It.

In The Beginning We Must Simplify The Subject, Thus Unavoidably Falsifying It, And Later We Must Sophisticate Away The Falsely Simple Beginning.

It Should Not Be Believed That All Beings Exist For The Sake Of The Existence Of Man. On The Contrary, All The Other Beings Too Have Been Intended For Their Own Sakes And Not For The Sake Of Anything Else.

It Is Of Great Advantage That Man Should Know His Station, And Not Imagine That The Whole Universe Exists Only For Him.

Do Not Imagine That These Most Difficult Problems Can Be Thoroughly Understood By Any One Of Us.

You Will Find That There Is No Other Difference Of Opinion As Regards Any Portions Of The Universe, Except That The Philosophers Believe In The Eternity Of The Universe And We Believe In The Creation. Note This.

Your Purpose...should Always Be To Know...the Whole That Was Intended To Be Known.

In The Realm Of Nature There Is Nothing Purposeless, Trivial, Or Unnecessary

Astrology Is Not An Art, It Is A Disease.

In Accordance With The Divine Wisdom, Genesis Can Only Take Place Through Destruction, And Without Destruction Of The Individual Members Of The Species The Species Themselves Would Not Exist Permanently. Thus The True Kindness, And Beneficence, And Goodness Of God Is Clear.

If Men Possessed Wisdom, Which Stands In The Same Relation To The Form Of Man As The Sight To The Eye, They Would Not Cause Any Injury To Themselves Or To Others, For The Knowledge Of The Truth Removes Hatred And Quarrels, And Prevents Mutual Injuries.

The Corporeal Element In Man Is A Large Screen And Partition That Prevents Him From Perfectly Perceiving Abstract Ideals; This Would Be The Case Even If The Corporeal Element Were As Pure And Superior As The Substance Of The Spheres ; How Much More Must This Be The Case With Our Dark And Opaque Body. However Great The Exertion Of Our Mind May Be To Comprehend The Divine Being Or Any Of The Ideals, We Find A Screen And Partition Between God And Us.

For It Is Said, "you Shall Strengthen The Stranger And The Dweller In Your Midst And Live With Him," That Is To Say, Strengthen Him Until He Needs No Longer Fall Upon The Mercy Of The Community Or Be In Need.

Hear The Truth From Whomever Says It

The People Who Are Abroad Are All Those That Have No Religion, Neither One Based On Speculation Nor One Received By Tradition. Such Are The Extreme Turks That Wander About In The North, The Kushites Who Live In The South, And Those In Our Country Who Are Like These. I Consider These As Irrational Beings, And Not As Human Beings; They Are Below Mankind, But Above Monkeys, Since They Have The Form And Shape Of Man, And A Mental Faculty Above That Of The Monkey.

Galen , In The Third Section Of His Book, "the Use Of The Limbs," Says Correctly That It Would Be In Vain To Expect To See Living Beings Formed Of The Blood Of Menstruous Women And The Semen Virile, Who Will Not Die, Will Never Feel Pain, Or Will Move Perpetually, Or Shine Like The Sun. This Dictum Of Galen Is Part Of The Following More General Proposition: Whatever Is Formed Of Matter Receives The Most Perfect Form Possible In That Species Of Matter; In Each Individual Case The Defects Are In Accordance With That Individual Matter.

The Question, "what Is The Purpose Thereof?" Cannot Be Asked About Anything Which Is Not The Product Of An Agent; Therefore We Cannot Ask What Is The Purpose Of The Existence Of God.

All Forces That Reside In The Body Are Angels.

Work Before Eating, Rest After Eating. Eat Not Ravenously, Filling The Mouth Gulp After Gulp Without Breathing Space.

Breathing Space

Astrology Is A Disease, Not A Science... It Is A Tree Under The Shadow Of Which All Sorts Of Superstitions Thrive. ... Only Fools And Charlatans Lend Value To It.

This Must Be Our Belief When We Have A Correct Knowledge Of Our Own Self, And Comprehend The True Nature Of Everything; We Must Be Content, And Not Trouble Our Mind With Seeking A Certain Final Cause For Things That Have None, Or Have No Other Final Cause But Their Own Existence, Which Depends On The Will Of God, Or, If You Prefer, On The Divine Wisdom.

Everyone Entrusted With A Mission Is An Angel.

For The Elements Have The Property Of Moving Back To Their Place In A Straight Line, But They Have No Properties Which Would Cause Them To Remain Where They Are, Or To Move Otherwise Than In A Straight Line. The Rectilinear Motions Of These Four Elements When Returning To Their Original Place Are Of Two Kinds, Either Centrifugal, Viz., The Motion Of The Air And The Fire; Or Centripedal, Viz., The Motion Of The Earth, And The Water; And When The Elements Have Reached Their Original Place, They Remain At Rest.

When I Have A Difficult Subject Before Me - When I Find The Road Narrow, And Can See No Other Way Of Teaching A Well Established Truth Except By Pleasing One Intelligent Man And Displeasing Ten Thousand Fools - I Prefer To Address Myself To The One Man, And To Take No Notice Whatever Of The Condemnation Of The Multitude; I Prefer To Extricate That Intelligent Man From His Embarrassment And Show Him The Cause Of His Perplexity, So That He May Attain Perfection And Be At Peace.

The More Necessary A Thing Is For Living Beings, The More Easily It Is Found And The Cheaper It Is; The Less Necessary It Is, The Rarer And Dearer It Is.

Inspire Me With Love For My Art And For Thy Creatures. In The Sufferer Let Me See Only The Human Being.

The Business Conduct Of The Disciples Of Wise Men Is Truthful And Faithful.... He Does Not Allow Himself To Be Made A Surety Or A Guarantor And Does Not Accept The Power Of Attorney.... He Lends Money And Is Gracious. He Shall Not Take Away Business From His Fellow Man.

There Is No Difference Between The Worry Of A Human Mother And An Animal Mother For Their Offspring. A Mother's Love Does Not Derive From The Intellect But From The Emotions, In Animals Just As In Humans.

The Being Which Has Absolute Existence, Which Has Never Been And Will Never Be Without Existence, Is Not In Need Of An Agent.

Giving Is Most Blessed And Most Acceptable When The Donor Remains Completely Anonymous.

You Will See The Mercy Of God Toward His Creatures, How He Has Provided That Which Is Required, In Proper Proportions, And Treated All Individual Beings Of The Same Species With Perfect Equality. ...for It Is An Act Of Great And Perfect Goodness That He Gave Us Existence; And The Creation Of The Controlling Faculty In Animals Is A Proof Of His Mercy Towards Them, As Has Been Shown By Us.

It Is Better And More Satisfactory To Acquit A Thousand Guilty Persons Than To Put A Single Innocent One To Death.

Capital Punishment

Astrology Is A Sickness, Not A Science ... It Is A Tree Under The Shade Of Which All Sorts Of Superstitions Thrive.

The Goal Of Good Health Is To Enable A Person To Acquire Wisdom.

Know That For The Human Mind There Are Certain Objects Of Perception Which Are Within The Scope Of Its Nature And Capacity; On The Other Hand, There Are, Amongst Things Which Actually Exist, Certain Objects Which The Mind Can In No Way And By No Means Grasp: The Gates Of Perception Are Closed Against It.

There Are Four Different Theories Concerning Divine Providence; They Are All Ancient, Known From The Time Of The Prophets, When The True Law Was Revealed To Enlighten These Dark Regions.

The True Work Of God Is All Good, Since It Is Existence.

The Same Is The Case With Those Opinions Of Man To Which He Has Been Accustomed From His Youth; He Likes Them, Defends Them, And Shuns The Opposite Views.

There Is No Difference Between The Pain Of Humans And The Pain Of Other Living Beings, Since The Love And Tenderness Of The Mother For The Young Are Not Produced By Reasoning, But By Feeling, And This Faculty Exists Not Only In Humans But In Most Living Beings.

No Disease That Can Be Treated By Diet Should Be Treated With Any Other Means.

He Who Does Not Understand That A Dead Lion Is More Alive Than A Living Dog Will Remain A Dog.

Nobody Is Ever Impoverished Through The Giving Of Charity.

Do Not Imagine That What We Have Said Of The Insufficiency Of Our Understanding And Of Its Limited Extent Is An Assertion Founded Only On The Bible: For Philosophers Likewise Assert The Same, And Perfectly Understand It,- Without Having Regard To Any Religion Or Opinion.

The More We Desire For That Which Is Superfluous, The More We Meet With Difficulties; Our Strength And Possessions Are Spent In Unnecessary Things, And Are Wanting When Required For That Which Is Necessary.

Unnecessary Things

Teach Thy Tongue To Say 'i Do Not Know,' And Thou Shalt Progress.

The So-called Evils Are Evils Only In Relation To A Certain Thing, And That Which Is Evil In Relation To A Certain Existing Thing, Either Includes The Non-existence Of That Thing Or The Non-existence Of Some Of Its Good Conditions.

That Which Is Produced With Intention Has Passed Over From Non-existence To Existence.

The First Kind Of Evil Is That Which Is Caused To Man By The Circumstance That He Is Subject To Genesis And Destruction, Or That He Possesses A Body.

The Prophets Even Express Their Surprise That God Should Take Notice Of Man, Who Is Too Little And Too Unimportant To Be Worthy Of The Attention Of The Creator; How, Then, Should Other Living Creatures Be Considered As Proper Objects For Divine Providence!

Every Man Should View Himself As Equally Balanced: Half Good And Half Evil. Likewise, He Should See The Entire World As Half Good And Half Evil.... With A Single Good Deed He Will Tip The Scales For Himself, And For The Entire World, To The Side Of Good.

God Is Identical With His Attributes, So That It May Be Said That He Is The Knowledge, The Knower, And The Known.

The Whole Object Of The Prophets And The Sages Was To Declare That A Limit Is Set To Human Reason Where It Must Halt.

Transient Bodies Are Only Subject To Destruction Through Their Substance And Not Through Their Form, Nor Can The Essence Of Their Form Be Destroyed; In This Respect They Are Permanent.

While One Man Can Discover A Certain Thing By Himself, Another Is Never Able To Understand It, Even If Taught By Means Of All Possible Expressions And Metaphors, And During A Long Period; His Mind Can In No Way Grasp It, His Capacity Is Insufficient For It.

Those Who Grieve Find Comfort In Weeping And In Arousing Their Sorrow Until The Body Is Too Tired To Bear The Inner Emotions.

Every Man Whose Character Traits All Lie In The Mean Is Called A Wise Man.

He, However, Who Begins With Metaphysics, Will Not Only Become Confused In Matters Of Religion, But Will Fall Into Complete Infidelity.

An Ignorant Man Believes That The Whole Universe Only Exists For Him: As If Nothing Else Required Any Consideration. If, Therefore, Anything Happens To Him Contrary To His Expectation, He At Once Concludes That The Whole Universe Is Evil. If, However, He Would Take Into Consideration The Whole Universe, Form An Idea Of It, And Comprehend What A Small Portion He Is Of The Universe, He Will Find The Truth. There Are Many ... Passages In The Books Of The Prophets Expressing The Same Idea.

Know That The Difficulties Which Lead To Confusion In The Question What Is The Purpose Of The Universe Or Of Any Of Its Parts, Arise From Two Causes: First, Man Has An Erroneous Idea Of Himself, And Believes That The Whole World Exists Only For His Sake; Secondly, He Is Ignorant Both About The Nature Of The Sublunary World, And About The Creator's Intention To Give Existence To All Beings Whose Existence Is Possible, Because Existence Is Undoubtedly Good.

God Cannot Be Compared To Anything. Note This.

Anticipate Charity By Preventing Poverty.

To Sum Up: I Am The Man Who When The Concern Pressed Him And His Way Was Straitened And He Could Find No Other Device By Which To Teach A Demonstrable Truth Other Than By Giving Satisfaction To A Single Virtuous Man While Displeasing Ten Thousand Ignoramuses - I Am He Who Prefers To Address That Single Man By Himself, And I Do Not Heed The Blame Of Those Many Creatures.

It Is Thus Necessary To Examine All Things According To Their Essence, To Infer From Every Species Such True And Well Established Propositions As May Assist Us In The Solution Of Metaphysical Problems.

You Must Consider, When Reading This Treatise, That Mental Perception, Because Connected With Matter, Is Subject To Conditions Similar To Those To Which Physical Perception Is Subject.

In Accordance With The Divine Wisdom, Genesis Can Only Take Place Through Destruction.

I Will Destroy My Enemies By Converting Them To Friends.

Man's Obsession To Add To His Wealth And Honor Is The Chief Source Of His Misery.

Now I Wonder What Our Knowledge Has In Common With God's Knowledge According To Those Who Treat God's Knowledge... Is There Anything Else Common To Both Besides The Mere Name? ...there Is An Essential Distinction Between His Knowledge And Ours, Like The Distinction Between The Substance Of The Heavens And That Of The Earth.

A Small Amount Of Wine Such As Three Or Four Glasses Is Of Benefit For The Preservation Of The Health Of Human Beings And An Excellent Remedy For Most Illnesses.

I Believe With Perfect Faith That The Creator, Blessed Be His Name, Is Not A Body, And That He Is Free From All Accidents Of Matter, And That He Has Not Any Form Whatsoever.

In So Far As The Soul Is A Force Residing In The Body; It Has Therefore Been Said That The Properties Of The Soul Depend Of The Condition Of The Body.

Medical Practice Is Not Knitting And Weaving And The Labor Of The Hands, But It Must Be Inspired With Soul And Be Filled With Understanding And Equipped With The Gift Of Keen Observation . . .

Commune With Your Own Heart Upon Your Bed, And Be Still.

The Risk Of A Wrong Decision Is Preferable To The Terror Of Indecision.

Decisions You Make

There Are Eight Levels Of Charity.... The Highest Is When You Strengthen A Man's Hand Until He Need No Longer Be Dependent Upon Others.

Let Nothing Which Can Be Treated By Diet Be Treated By Other Means.

It Is Man's Duty To Love And To Fear God, Even Without Hope Of Reward Or Fear Of Punishment.

Another Fundamental Principle Taught By The Law Of Moses Is This: Wrong Cannot Be Ascribed To God In Any Way Whatever; All Evils And Afflictions As Well As All Kinds Of Happiness Of Man, Whether They Concern One Individual Or A Community, Are Distributed According To Justice; They Are The Result Of Strict Judgement That Admits No Wrong Whatever.

Give A Man A Fish And You Feed Him For A Day; Teach A Man To Fish And You Feed Him For A Lifetime.

The Soul, When Accustomed To Superfluous Things, Acquires A Strong Habit Of Desiring Things Which Are Neither Necessary For The Preservation Of The Individual Nor For That Of The Species. This Desire Is Without Limit, Whilst Those Which Are Necessary Are Few In Number And Restricted Within Certain Limits; But What Is Superfluous Is Without End.

Contrast The Experience With Something Worse And You Cannot Help Feeling Happy And Grateful Because... The Change From Trouble To Comfort Gives Us More Pleasure Than Uninterrupted Comfort Does.

The Mutakallemim... Apply The Term Non-existence Only To Absolute Non-existence, And Not To Absence Of Properties. A Property And The Absence Of That Property Are Considered By Them As Two Opposites, They Treat, E.g. , Blindness And Sight, Death And Life, In The Same Way As Heat And Cold. Therefore They Say, Without Any Qualification, Non-existence Does Not Require Any Agent, An Agent Is Required When Something Is Produced.

The Key To The Understanding And To The Full Comprehension Of All That The Prophets Have Said Is Found In The Knowledge Of The Figures, Their General Ideas, And The Meaning Of Each Word They Contain.

In Finances, Be Strict With Yourself, Generous With Others.

For That Which Is Without A Beginning, A Final Cause Need Not Be Sought.

You Will Certainly Not Doubt The Necessity Of Studying Astronomy And Physics, If You Are Desirous Of Comprehending The Relation Between The World And Providence As It Is In Reality, And Not According To Imagination.

The Prophet Isaiah ... Points Out What Will Be The Cause Of This Change; For He Says That Hatred, Quarrel, And Fighting Will Come To An End, Because Men Will Have A True Knowledge Of God. "they Shall Not Hurt Nor Destroy In All My Holy Mountain: For The Earth Shall Be Full Of The Knowledge Of The Lord, As The Waters Which Cover The Sea" (isa. Xi. Ver. 9) Note It.

He Who Thinks He Can Have Flesh And Bones Without Being Subject To Any External Influence, Or Any Accidents Of Matter, Unconsciously Wishes To Reconcile Two Opposites, Viz., To Be At The Same Time Subject And Not Subject To Change. If Man Were Never Subject To Change There Could Be No Generation; There Would Be One Single Being, But No Individuals Forming A Species.

Consequently He Who Wishes To Attain To Human Perfection, Must Therefore First Study Logic, Next The Various Branches Of Mathematics In Their Proper Order, Then Physics, And Lastly Metaphysics.

What Is Lofty Can Be Said In Any Language. What Is Mean Should Be Said In None.

The Second Class Of Evils Comprises Such Evils As People Cause To Each Other, When, E.g. , Some Of Them Use Their Strength Against Others. These Evils Are More Numerous Than Those Of The First Kind... They Likewise Originate In Ourselves, Though The Sufferer Himself Cannot Avert Them.

All The Evils That Men Cause To Each Other Because Of Certain Desires, Or Opinions Or Religious Principles, Are Rooted In Ignorance. [all Hatred Would Come To An End] When The Earth Was Flooded With The Knowledge Of God.

You Must Accept The Truth From Whatever Source It Comes.

At Times The Truth Shines So Brilliantly That We Perceive It As Clear As Day. Our Nature And Habit Then Draw A Veil Over Our Perception, And We Return To A Darkness Almost As Dense As Before. We Are Like Those Who, Though Beholding Frequent Flashes Of Lightning, Still Find Themselves In The Thickest Darkness Of The Night.

The Knowledge Of God, The Formation Of Ideas, The Mastery Of Desire And Passion, The Distinction Between That Which Is To Be Chosen And That Which Is To Be Rejected, All These Man Owes To His Form.

We Each Decide Whether To Make Ourselves Learned Or Ignorant, Compassionate Or Cruel, Generous Or Miserly. No One Forces Us. No One Decides For Us, No One Drags Us Along One Path Or The Other. We Are Responsible For What We Are.

Whatever Form It Has, It [matter] Will Be Disposed To Receive Another Form; It Never Leaves Off Moving And Casting Off The Form Which It Has In Order To Receive Another. ...it Is Therefore Clear That All Corruption, Destruction, Or Defect Comes From Matter.

Anticipate Charity By Preventing Poverty; Assist The Reduced Fellow Man, Either By A Considerable Gift Or A Sum Of Money Or By Teaching Him A Trade Or By Putting Him In The Way Of Business So That He May Earn An Honest Livelihood And Not Be Forced To The Dreadful Alternative Of Holding Out His Hand For Charity. This Is The Highest Step And Summit Of Charity's Golden Ladder.

Silence Is The Maturation Of Wisdom.

Management [ Providence ], Knowledge, And Intention Are Not The Same When Ascribed To Us And When Ascribed To God.

Eliphas Never Abandoned His Belief That The Fate Of Man Is The Result Of Justice, That We Do Not Know All Our Shortcomings For Which We Are Punished, Nor The Way How We Incur The Punishment Through Them.

It Is Possible That The Meaning Of Wisdom In Hebrew Indicates Aptitude For Stratagems And The Application Of Thought In Such A Way That The Stratagems And Ruses May Be Used In Achieving Either Rational Or Moral Virtues, Or In Achieving Skill In A Practical Art, Or In Working Evil And Wickedness.

The Generation Of Isaiah Did Not Require The Detailed Description; His Account, "i Saw The Lord," &c., Sufficed. The Generation Of The Babylonian Exile Wanted To Learn All The Details. ...isaiah Was So Familiar With It That He Did Not Consider It Necessary To Communicate It To Others As A New Thing, Especially As It Was Well Known To The Intelligent.

No Form Remains Permanently In A Substance; A Constant Change Takes Place, One Form Is Taken Off And Another Is Put On.

We Suffer From The Evils Which We, By Our Own Free Will, Inflict On Ourselves And Ascribe Them To God, Who Is Far From Being Connected With Them!

Just As A Person Is Commanded To Honor And Revere His Father, So He Is Under An Obligation To Honor And Revere His Teacher, Even To A Greater Extent Than His Father; For His Father Gave Him Life In This World, While His Teacher Instructs Him In Wisdom, Secures For Him Life In The World To Come.

The Soul Is Subject To Health And Disease, Just As Is The Body. The Health And Disease Of Both . . . Undoubtedly Depend Upon Beliefs And Customs, Which Are Peculiar To Mankind.

To The Totality Of Purposes Of The Perfect Law There Belong The Abandonment, Depreciation, And Restraint Of Desires In So Far As Possible.

It Is No Wrong Or Injustice That One Has Many Bags Of The Finest Myrrh And Garments Embroidered With Gold, While Another Has Not Those Things, Which Are Not Necessary For Our Maintenance; He Who Has Them Has Not Thereby Obtained Control Over Anything That Could Be An Essential Addition To His Nature, But Has Only Obtained Something Illusory Or Deceptive. ...this Is The Rule At All Times And In All Places; No Notice Should Be Taken Of Exceptional Cases, As We Have Explained.

The Philosophers Likewise Assume That In Nature There Is Nothing In Vain, So That Everything That Is Not The Product Of Human Industry Serves A Certain Purpose, Which May Be Known Or Unknown To Us.

Actions Are Divided As Regards Their Object Into Four Classes; They Are Either Purposeless , Unimportant , Or Vain , Or Good .

All This Is Applicable To The Intellectual Faculties Of Man. There Is A Considerable Difference Between One Person And Another As Regards These Faculties, As Is Well Known To Philosophers.

Even When A Person Suffers Pain In Consequence Of A Thorn Having Entered Into His Hand, Although It Is At Once Drawn Out, It Is A Punishment That Has Been Inflicted On Him, And The Least Pleasure He Enjoys Is A Reward; All This Is Meted Out By Strict Justice; As Is Said In The Scripture, "all His Ways Are Judgement" (deut. Xxxii. 4); We Are Only Ignorant Of The Working Of That Judgement.

We Are Obligated To Be More Scrupulous In Fulfilling The Commandment Of Charity Than Any Other Positive Commandment Because Charity Is The Sign Of A Righteous Man.

A Wise Man Is A Greater Asset To A Nation Than A King.

Divine Providence Is Connected With Divine Intellectual Influence, And The Same Beings Which Are Benefited By The Latter So As To Become Intellectual, And To Comprehend Things Comprehensible To Rational Beings, Are Also Under The Control Of Divine Providence, Which Examines All Their Deeds With A View Of Rewarding Or Punishing Them. ...the Method Of Which Our Mind Is Incapable Of Understanding.

Do Not Consider It Proof Just Because It Is Written In Books, For A Liar Who Will Deceive With His Tongue Will Not Hesitate To Do The Same With His Pen.

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