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The State, On The Other Hand, Both In Its Genesis And By Its Primary Intention, Is Purely Anti-social. It Is Not Based On The Idea Of Natural Rights, But On The Idea That The Individual Has No Rights Except Those That The State May Provisionally Grant Him. It Has Always Made Justice Costly And Difficult Of Access, And Has Invariably Held Itself Above Justice And Common Morality Whenever It Could Advantage Itself By So Doing.

-Albert J. Nock

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The State, On The

Albert J. Nock

...

The State, On The Other Hand, Both In Its Genesis And By Its Primary Intention, Is Purely Anti-social. It Is Not Based On The Idea Of Natural Rights, But On The Idea That The Individual Has No Rights Except Those That The State May Provisionally Grant Him. It Has Always Made Justice Costly And Difficult Of Access, And Has Invariably Held Itself Above Justice And Common Morality Whenever It Could Advantage Itself By So Doing.

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The Worst Of This Ever Growing Cancer Of Statism [ie Big 'paternal' Government - Socialism, Communism And Fascism] Is Its Moral Effect. The Country Is Rich Enough To Stand Its Frightful Economic Wastage For A Long Time Yet, And Still Prosper, But It Is Already So Poverty-stricken In Its Moral Resources That The Present Drain Will Quickly Run Them Out.

The State Always Moves Slowly And Grudgingly Towards Any Purpose That Accrues To Society's Advantage, But Moves Rapidly And With Alacrity Towards One That Accrues To Its Own Advantage; Nor Does It Ever Move Towards Social Purposes On Its Own Initiative, But Only Under Heavy Pressure, While Its Motion Towards Anti-social Purposes Is Self-sprung.

Perhaps The Prevalence Of Pedantry May Be Largely Accounted For By The Common Error Of Thinking That, Because Useful Knowledge Should Be Remembered, Any Kind Of Knowledge That Is At All Worth Learning Should Be Remembered Too.

The Glossary Of Politics Is So Full Of Euphemistic Words And Phrases - As In The Nature Of Things It Must Be - That One Would Suppose Politicians Must Sometimes Strain Their Wits To Coin Them.

Money Does Not Pay For Anything, Never Has, Never Will. It Is An Economic Axiom As Old As The Hills That Goods And Services Can Be Paid For Only With Goods And Services.

The Practical Reason For Freedom Is That Freedom Seems To Be The Only Condition Under Which Any Kind Of Substantial Moral Fiber Can Be Developed - We Have Tried Law, Compulsion And Authoritarianism Of Various Kinds, And The Result Is Nothing To Be Proud Of.

The Business Of A Scientific School Is The Dissemination Of Useful Knowledge, And This Is A Noble Enterprise And Indispensable Withal; Society Can Not Exist Unless It Goes On.

Concerning Culture As A Process, One Would Say That It Means Learning A Great Many Things And Then Forgetting Them; And The Forgetting Is As Necessary As The Learning.

The Mentality Of An Army On The March Is Merely So Much Delayed Adolescence; It Remains Persistently, Incorrigibly And Notoriously Infantile.

As Dr. Sigmund Freud Has Observed, It Can Not Even Be Said That The State Has Ever Shown Any Disposition To Suppress Crime, But Only To Safeguard Its Own Monopoly Of Crime.

The Positive Testimony Of History Is That The State Invariably Had Its Origin In Conquest And Confiscation. No Primitive State Known To History Originated In Any Other Manner.

Considering Mankind's Indifference To Freedom, Their Easy Gullibility And Their Facile Response To Conditioning, One Might Very Plausibly Argue That Collectivism Is The Political Mode Best Suited To Their Disposition And Their Capacities. Under Its Regime, The Citizen, Like The Soldier, Is Relieved Of The Burden Of Initiative And Is Divested Of All Responsibility, Save For Doing As He Is Told.

It Is Easier To Seize Wealth Than To Produce It, And As Long As The State Makes The Seizure Of Wealth A Matter Of Legalized Privilege, So Long Will The Squabble For That Privilege Go On.

Organized Christianity Has Always Represented Immortality As A Sort Of Common Heritage; But I Never Could See Why Spiritual Life Should Not Be Conditioned On The Same Terms As All Life, I. E., Correspondence With Environment.

Assuming That Man Has A Distinct Spiritual Nature, A Soul, Why Should It Be Thought Unnatural That Under Appropriate Conditions Of Maladjustment, His Soul Might Die Before His Body Does; Or That His Soul Might Die Without His Knowing It?

I Have Often Wondered Why The Sounds Of The Beating Drums Do Not Make The Marching Soldiers Shoot Their Officers And Go Home.

The Civilization Of A Country Consists In The Quality Of Life That Is Lived There, And This Quality Shows Plainest In The Things That People Choose To Talk About When They Talk Together, And In The Way They Choose To Talk About Them.

Someone Asked Me Years Ago If It Were True That I Disliked Jews, And I Replied That It Was Certainly True, Not At All Because They Are Jews, But Because They Are Folks, And I Don’t Like Folks.

The State Did Not Originate In Any Form Of Social Agreement, Or With Any Disinterested View Of Promoting Order And Justice. Far Otherwise. The State Originated In Conquest And Confiscation, As A Device For Maintaining The Stratification Of Society Permanently Into Two Classes-an Owning And Exploiting Class, Relatively Small, And A Propertyless Dependent Class. . . . No State Known To History Originated In Any Other Manner, Or For Any Other Purpose Than To Enable The Continuous Economic Exploitation Of One Class By Another.

The State Claims And Exercises The Monopoly Of Crime... It Forbids Private Murder, But Itself Organizes Murder On A Colossal Scale. It Punishes Private Theft, But Itself Lays Unscrupulous Hands On Anything It Wants, Whether The Property Of Citizen Or Of Alien.

The Position Of Modern Science, As Far As An Ignorant Man Of Letters Can Understand It, Seems Not A Step In Advance Of That Held By Huxley And Romanes In The Last Century.

When Politicians Say "i'm In Politics," It May Or May Not Be Possible To Trust Them, But When They Say, "i'm In Public Service," You Know You Should Flee.

Taking The State Wherever Found, Striking Into Its History At Any Point, One Sees No Way To Differentiate The Activities Of Its Founders, Administrators And Beneficiaries From Those Of A Professional-criminal Class.

In Proportion As You Give The State Power To Do Things For You, You Give It Power To Do Things To You.

Personal Publicity Of Every Kind Is Utterly Distasteful To Me, And I Have Made Greater Efforts To Escape It Than Most People Make To Get It.

As Far As I Know, I Have No Pride Of Opinion.

The Question Of Who Is Right And Who Is Wrong Has Seemed To Me Always Too Small To Be Worth A Moment's Thought, While The Question Of What Is Right And What Is Wrong Has Seemed All-important.

Diligent As One Must Be In Learning, One Must Be As Diligent In Forgetting; Otherwise The Process Is One Of Pedantry, Not Culture.

As A General Principle, I Should Put It That A Man's Country Is Where The Things He Loves Are Most Respected. Circumstances May Have Prevented His Ever Setting Foot There, But It Remains His Country.

Like All Predatory Or Parasitic Institutions, Its First Instinct Is That Of Self-preservation. All Its Enterprises Are Directed First Towards Preserving Its Own Life, And, Second, Towards Increasing Its Own Power And Enlarging The Scope Of Its Own Activity. For The Sake Of This It Will, And Regularly Does, Commit Any Crime Which Circumstances Make Expedient.

As Sheer Casual Reading Matter, I Still Find The English Dictionary The Most Interesting Book In Our Language.

The Primary Reason For A Tariff Is That It Enables The Exploitation Of The Domestic Consumer By A Process Indistinguishable From Sheer Robbery.

Man Tends Always To Satisfy His Needs And Desires With The Least Possible Exertion.

The Superficial Distinctions Of Fascism, Bolshevism, Hitlerism, Are The Concern Of Journalists And Publicists; The Serious Student Sees In Them Only One Root-idea Of A Complete Conversion Of Social Power Into State Power.

The Only Thing That The Psychically-human Being Can Do To Improve Society Is To Present Society With One Improved Unit.

When We Speak Freely, Let Us Speak Plainly, For Plain Speech Is Wholesome; Especially, Plain Speech About Public Affairs And Public Men.

If You Do Not Want The State To Act Like A Criminal, You Must Disarm It As You Would A Criminal; You Must Keep It Weak. The State Will Always Be Criminal In Proportion To Its Strength; A Weak State Will Always Be As Criminal As It Can Be, Or Dare Be, But If It Is Kept Down To The Proper Limit Of Weakness - Which, By The Way, Is A Vast Deal Lower Limit Than People Are Led To Believe - Its Criminality May Be Safely Got On With.

Another Strange Notion Pervading Whole Peoples Is That The State Has Money Of Its Own; And Nowhere Is This Absurdity More Firmly Fixed Than In America. The State Has No Money. It Produces Nothing. It Existence Is Purely Parasitic, Maintained By Taxation; That Is To Say, By Forced Levies On The Production Of Others. 'government Money,' Of Which One Hears So Much Nowadays, Does Not Exist; There Is No Such Thing.

I Am Said To Be Difficult Of Acquaintance, Unwilling To Meet Any One Half Way, And Showing A Social Manner Which Is Easy, Not Diffident, But Formal And Unresponsive, Tending Constantly To Hold People Off.

For The Majority Of People Liberty Means Only The System And The Administrators They Are Used To.

If The Modern Spirit, Whatever That May Be, Is Disinclined Towards Taking The Lord's Word At Its Face Value (as I Hear Is The Case), We May Observe That Isaiah's Testimony To The Character Of The Masses Has Strong Collateral Support From Respectable Gentile Authority. Plato Lived Into The Administration Of Eubulus, When Athens Was At The Peak Of Its Jazz-and-paper Era, And He Speaks Of The Athenian Masses With All Isaiah's Fervency, Even Comparing Them To A Herd Of Ravenous Wild Beasts.

By Consequence I Hold That No One Ever Did, Or Can Do, Anything For "society."... Comte Invented The Term Altruism As An Antonym For Egoism, And It Found Its Way At Once Into Everyone's Mouth, Although It Is Utterly Devoid Of Meaning, Since It Points To Nothing That Ever Existed In Mankind; This Hybrid Or Rather This Degenerate Form Of Hedonism Served Powerfully To Invest Collectivism's Principles With A Specious Moral Sanction, And Collectivists Naturally Made The Most Of It.

It Is Certainly True That Whatever A Man May Do Or Say, The Most Significant Thing About Him Is What He Thinks; And Significant Also Is How He Came To Think It, Why He Continued To Think It, Or, If He Did Not Continue, What The Influences Were Which Caused Him To Change His Mind.

Significant Things

According To My Observations, Mankind Are Among The Most Easily Tamable And Domesticable Of All Creatures In The Animal World. They Are Readily Reducible To Submission, So Readily Conditionable (to Coin A Word) As To Exhibit An Almost Incredibly Enduring Patience Under Restraint And Oppression Of The Most Flagrant Character. So Far Are They From Displaying Any Overweening Love Of Freedom That They Show A Singular Contentment With A Condition Of Servitorship, Often Showing A Curious Canine Pride In It, And Again Often Simply Unaware That They Are Existing In That Condition.

It Is Interesting To Observe That In The Year 1935 The Average Individual's Incurious Attitude Towards The Phenomenon Of The State Is Precisely What His Attitude Was Toward The Phenomenon Of The Church In The Year, Say, 1500. It Does Not Appear To Have Occurred To The Church-citizen Of That Day, Any More Than It Occurs To The State-citizen Of The Present, To Ask What Sort Of Institution It Was That Claimed His Allegiance.

The Competition Of Social Power With State Power Is Always Disadvantaged, Since The State Can Arrange The Terms Of Competition To Suit Itself, Even To The Point Of Outlawing Any Exercise Of Social Power Whatever In The Premises; In Other Words, Giving Itself A Monopoly.

There's Only One Way To Improve Society. Present It With A Single Improved Unit: Yourself.

You Get The Same Order Of Criminality From Any State To Which You Give Power To Exercise It; And Whatever Power You Give The State To Do Things For You Carries With It The Equivalent Power To Do Things To You.

Above All Things The Mass-mind Is Most Bitterly Resentful Of Superiority. It Will Not Tolerate The Thought Of An Elite; And Under A Political System Of Universal Suffrage, The Mass-mind Is Enabled To Make Its Antipathies Prevail.

We Have Two Distinct Types Of Political Organization To Take Into Account; And Clearly, Too, When Their Origins Are Considered, It Is Impossible To Make Out That The One Is A Mere Perversion Of The Other. Therefore When We Include Both Types Under A General Term Like Government, We Get Into Logical Difficulties; Difficulties Of Which Most Writers On The Subject Have Been More Or Less Vaguely Aware, But Which, Until Within The Last Half-century, None Of Them Has Tried To Resolve.

As Might Be Supposed, My Parents Were Quite Poor, But We Somehow Never Seemed To Lack Anything We Needed, And I Never Saw A Trace Of Discontent Or A Failure In Cheerfulness Over Their Lot In Life, As Indeed Over Anything.

The State, On The Other Hand, Both In Its Genesis And By Its Primary Intention, Is Purely Anti-social. It Is Not Based On The Idea Of Natural Rights, But On The Idea That The Individual Has No Rights Except Those That The State May Provisionally Grant Him. It Has Always Made Justice Costly And Difficult Of Access, And Has Invariably Held Itself Above Justice And Common Morality Whenever It Could Advantage Itself By So Doing.

It Would Seem That In Paine's View The Code Of Government Should Be That Of The Legendary King Pausole, Who Prescribed But Two Laws For His Subjects, The First Being, Hurt No Man, And The Second, Then Do As You Please.

Instead Of Recognizing The State As ‘the Common Enemy Of All Well-disposed, Industrious And Decent Men,’ The Run Of Mankind, With Rare Exceptions, Regards It Not Only As A Final And Indispensable Entity, But Also As, In The Main, Beneficent. The Mass-man, Ignorant Of Its History, Regards Its Character And Intentions As Social Rather Than Anti-social; And In That Faith He Is Willing To Put At Its Disposal An Indefinite Credit Of Knavery, Mendacity And Chicane, Upon Which Its Administrators May Draw At Will.

It Is Unfortunately None Too Well Understood That, Just As The State Has No Money Of Its Own, So It Has No Power Of Its Own.

Americans Have A Strange Notion That The Ordinary Laws Of Economics Do Not Apply To Them. So Doubtless They Will Think They Are Prosperous If The Boom Starts, And That Deficits And Indebtedness Are Merely Signs Of How Prosperous They Are.

Like Prince Von Bismarck In Diplomacy, I Have No Secrets.

The Idea That The State Originated To Serve Any Kind Of Social Purpose Is Completely Unhistorical. It Originated In Conquest And Confiscation - That Is To Say, In Crime. It Originated For The Purpose Of Maintaining The Division Of Society Into An Owning-and-exploiting Class And A Propertyless Dependent Class - That Is, For A Criminal Purpose.

Perhaps One Reason For The Falling-off Of Belief In A Continuance Of Conscious Existence Is To Be Found In The Quality Of Life That Most Of Us Lead. There Is Not Much In It With Which, In Any Kind Of Reason, One Can Associate The Idea Of Immortality.

Learning Has Always Been Made Much Of, But Forgetting Has Always Been Deprecated; Therefore Pedantry Has Pretty Well Established Itself Throughout The Modern World At The Expense Of Culture.

There Are Two Methods, Or Means, And Only Two, Whereby Man's Needs And Desires Can Be Satisfied. One Is The Production And Exchange Of Wealth; This Is The Economic Means. The Other Is The Uncompensated Appropriation Of Wealth Produced By Others; This Is The Political Means.

Driving Jobholders Out Of Office Is Like The Old Discredited Policy Of Driving Prostitutes Out Of Town. Their Places Are Immediately Taken By Others Who Are Precisely Like Them.

The Mind Is Like The Stomach. It Is Not How Much You Put Into It That Counts, But How Much It Digests...

Considered Now As A Possession, One May Define Culture As The Residuum Of A Large Body Of Useless Knowledge That Has Been Well And Truly Forgotten.

The Simple Truth Is That Our Businessmen Do Not Want A Government That Will Let Business Alone. They Want A Government They Can Use.

When A Beggar Asks Us For A Quarter, Our Instinct Is To Say That The State Has Already Confiscated Our Quarter For His Benefit, And He Should Go To The State About It.

Useless Knowledge Can Be Made Directly Contributory To A Force Of Sound And Disinterested Public Opinion.

It Is Unfortunately None Too Well Understood That, Just As The State Has No Money Of Its Own, So It Has No Power Of Its Own. All The Power It Has Is What Society Gives It, Plus What It Confiscates From Time To Time On One Pretext Or Another, There Is No Other Source From Which State Power Can Be Drawn. Therefore Every Assumption Of State Power, Whether By Gift Or Seizure Leaves Society With So Much Less Power; There Is Never, Nor Can Be, Any Strengthening Of State Power Without A Corresponding And Roughly Equivalent Depletion Of Social Power.

It Is Easy To Prescribe Improvement For Others; It Is Easy To Organize Something, To Institutionalize This Or That, To Pass Laws, Multiply Bureaucratic Agencies, Form Pressure Groups, Start Revolutions, Change Forms Of Government, Tinker At Political Theory. The Fact That These Expedients Have Been Tried Unsuccessfully In Every Conceivable Combination For 6,000 Years Has Not Noticeably Impaired A Credulous Unintelligent Willingness To Keep On Trying Them Again And Again.

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