She Wondered: How Could People Respond To These Images If Images Didn't Secretly Enjoy The Same Status As Real Things? Not That Images Were So Powerful, But That The World Was So Weak. It Could Be Read, Certainly, In Its Weakness, As On Days When The Sun Baked Fallen Apples In Orchards And The Valley Smelled Like Cider, And Cold Nights When Jordan Had Driven Chadds Ford For Dinner And The Tires Of Her Chevrolet Had Crunched On The Gravel Driveway; But The World Was Fungible Only As Images. Nothing Got Inside The Head Without Becoming Pictures.

-Jonathan Franzen

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She Wondered: How Could

Jonathan Franzen

Topic

Powerful

Real

Night

More From Jonathan Franzen

I Look At My Father, Who Was In Many Ways An Unhappy Person, But Who, Not Long Before He Got Sick, Said That The Greatest Source Of Satisfaction In His Life Had Been Going To Work In The Company Of Other Workers.

Father

Unhappy Person

Long

I Think We Live In An Era Of Problems That, If You Step Back And Look At Them Globally, Can't Be Solved. One Response To That Is, "oh Well, It's All Hopeless. The Natural World Is Getting Wrecked, Birds Are Disappearing, The Planet Is Warming And So Anything We Might Do On A Smaller Scale Is Meaningless."

Thinking

Bird

Looks

Walter Had Never Liked Cats. They'd Seemed To Him The Sociopaths Of The Pet World, A Species Domesticated As An Evil Necessary For The Control Of Rodents And Subsequently Fetishized The Way Unhappy Countries Fetishize Their Militaries, Saluting The Uniforms Of Killers As Cat Owners Stroke Their Animals' Lovely Fur And Forgive Their Claws And Fangs. He'd Never Seen Anything In A Cat's Face But Simpering Incuriosity And Self-interest; You Only Had To Tease One With A Mouse-toy To See Where It's True Heart Lay...cats Were All About Using People

Country

Using People

Heart

Reading Enables Me To Maintain A Sense Of Something Substantive– My Ethical Integrity, My Intellectual Integrity.

Integrity

Reading

Intellectual

Depression Presents Itself As A Realism Regarding The Rottenness Of The World In General And The Rottenness Of Your Life In Particular. But The Realism Is Merely A Mask For Depression's Actual Essence, Which Is An Overwhelming Estrangement From Humanity. The More Persuaded You Are Of Your Unique Access To The Rottenness, The More Afraid You Become Of Engaging With The World; And The Less You Engage With The World, The More Perfidiously Happy-faced The Rest Of Humanity Seems For Continuing To Engage With It.

Depression

Unique

Essence

How Wrong To Have Been So Negative, How Wrong To Have Been So Gloomy, How Wrong To Have Run Away From Life, How Wrong To Have Said No, Again And Again, Instead Of Yes.

Running

Negative

Said

I Can't Stomach Any Kind Of Notion That Serious Fiction Is Good For Us, Because I Don't Believe That Everything That's Wrong With The World Has A Cure.

Believe

Fiction

World

How Could I Have Thought That I Needed To Cure Myself In Order To Fit Into The 'real' World? I Didn't Need Curing, And The World Didn't, Either; The Only Thing That Did Need Curing Was My Understanding Of My Place In It. Without That Understanding - Without A Sense Of Belonging To The Real World - It Was Impossible To Thrive In An Imagined One.

Real

Order

Understanding

Birds Were Like Dinosaurs' Better Selves. They Had Short Lives And Long Summers. We All Should Be So Lucky As To Leave Behind Such Heirs.

Summer

Short Life

Self

Brooklyn Was Like Philadelphia Made Better By Its Proximity To Manhattan.

Philadelphia

Manhattan

Brooklyn

But As Far As Being Popular, Yeah, I Think Dave Barry Is Really Funny.

Thinking

Dave

Yeah

He And His Wife Loved Each Other And Brought Each Other Daily Pain. Everything Else He Was Doing In His Life, Even His Longing For Lalitha, Amounted To Little More Than Flight From Circumstance. He And Patty Couldn't Live Together And Couldn't Imagine Living Apart. Each Time He Thought They'd Reached The Unbearable Breaking Point, It Turned Out That There Was Still Further They Could Go Without Breaking.

Pain

Point Break

Wife

Deploring Other People--their Lack Of Perfection--had Always Been Our Sport.

Sports

People

Perfection

It Was A Way Of Recognizing Places Of Enchantment: People Falling Asleep Like This.

Fall

People

Enchantment

And Meanwhile The Sad Truth Was That Not Everyone Could Be Extraordinary, Not Everyone Could Be Extremely Cool; Because Whom Would This Leave To Be Ordinary?

Ordinary

Sad Truth

Extraordinary

I'd Be Surprised If Non-fiction Writers Hate To Be Interviewed. We All Hate Them, Because There's Really Nothing To Say Except "read The Book." Right? At Least With Non-fiction, You Can Kind Of Convey Some Information, And People Can Decide For Themselves Whether They Want More Of That Kind Of Information. But With A Novel, What Am I Going To Do?

Hate

Book

People

An Ink Bottle, Which Now Seems Impossibly Quaint, Was Still Thinkable As A Symbol In 1970.

Ink

Bottles

Quaint

If You Read The Biographies Of People Who Have Written Good Books, You Often See The Point Where They Suddenly Come Into Themselves, And Those Weeks In The Spring Of 1997 Were When I Came Into Myself As A Writer. They Feel Like Some Of The Best Weeks Of Writing I’ll Ever Have. The Discovery That I Could Write Better About Something As Trivial As An Ordinary Family Dinner Than I Could About The Exploding Prison Population Of The United States, And The Corporatization Of American Life, And All The Other Things I’d Been Trying To Do, Was A Real Revelation.

Spring

Real

Book

What You Discovered About Yourself In Raising Children Wasn't Always Agreeable Or Attractive.

Children

Attractive

About Yourself

[t]o Love A Specific Person, And To Identify With His Or Her Struggles And Joys As If They Were Your Own, You Have To Surrender Some Of Your Self.

Love

Struggle

Self

The Most Purely Autobiographical fiction Requires Pure Invention. Nobody Ever Wrote A More Autobiographical Story Than "the Metamorphosis".

Fiction

Stories

Invention

Expecting A Novel To Bear The Weight Of Our Whole Disturbed Society—to Help Solve Our Contemporary Problems—seems To Me A Peculiarly American Delusion. To Write Sentences Of Such Authenticity That Refuge Can Be Taken In Them: Isn't This Enough? Isn't It A Lot?

Taken

Writing

Weight

It's Doubtful That Anyone With An Internet Connection At His Workplace Is Writing Good Fiction.

Writing

Connections

Fiction

It Took Hours To Turn The Clock Back 30 Seconds.

Regret

Hours

Clock

If You Want To Have Friends, You Have To Remember That Nobody's Perfect.

Perfect

Want

Remember

I Hate That Word Dysfunction.

Hate

Dysfunction

I Hate

His Tiredness Hurt So Much It Kept Him Awake.

Since Our Technology Is Really Just An Extension Of Ourselves, We Don’t Have To Have Contempt For Its Manipulability In The Way We Might With Actual People. It’s All One Big Endless Loop. We Like The Mirror And The Mirror Likes Us. To Friend A Person Is Merely To Include The Person In Our Private Hall Of Flattering Mirrors.

Technology

Mirrors

People

You Could Slap His Wrist For Saying It, But Then He Said It With His Face, And You Could Spank Him For Making Faces, But Then He Said It With His Eyes, And There Were Limits To Correction-no Way, In The End, To Penetrate Behind The Blue Irises And Eradicate A Boy's Disgust.

Eye

Boys

Blue

The Pain Was Quite Extraordinary. And Yet Also Weirdly Welcome And Restorative, Bringing Him News Of His Aliveness And His Caughtness In A Story Larger Than Himself.

Pain

News

Stories

But The First Lesson Reading Teaches Is How To Be Alone.

Reading

Lessons

Firsts

The Human Species Was Given Dominion Over The Earth And Took The Opportunity To Exterminate Other Species And Warm The Atmosphere And Generally Ruin Things In Its Own Image, But It Paid This Price For Its Privileges: That The Finite And Specific Animal Body Of This Species Contained A Brain Capable Of Conceiving The Infinite And Wishing To Be Infinite Itself.

Animal

Opportunity

Atmosphere

Love Is About Bottomless Empathy, Born Out Of The Heart’s Revelation That Another Person Is Every Bit As Real As You Are. And This Is Why Love, As I Understand It, Is Always Specific. Trying To Love All Of Humanity May Be A Worthy Endeavor, But, In A Funny Way, It Keeps The Focus On The Self, On The Self’s Own Moral Or Spiritual Well-being. Whereas, To Love A Specific Person, And To Identify With His Or Her Struggles And Joys As If They Were Your Own, You Have To Surrender Some Of Your Self.

Spiritual

Real

Struggle

The Writer’s Life Is A Life Of Revisions.

Revision

Life Is

The Novelist Has More And More To Say To Readers Who Have Less And Less Time To Read: Where To Find The Energy To Engage A Culture In Crisis When The Crisis Consists In The Impossibility Of Engaging With The Culture?

Energy

Novelists

Culture

She Was So Much A Personality And So Little Anything Else That Even Staring Straight At Her He Had No Idea What She Really Looked Like.

Ideas

Personality

Littles

Life, In Her Experience, Had A Kind Of Velvet Luster. You Looked At Yourself From One Perspective And All You Saw Was Weirdness. Move Your Head A Little Bit, Though, And Everything Looked Reasonably Normal.

Moving

Perspective

Littles

I Was A Late Child From My Parents, So I Grew Up Surrounded By People A Lot Older Than Me. I Think Even When I Was 21, I Felt Like I Was A 70-year-old Man.

Children

Pregnancy

Men

It Offended His Sense Of Himself, Because He Was An Individual From An Age Of Individuals, And A String Of Lights Was, Like Him, An Individual Thing. No Matter How Little The Thing Had Cost, To Throw It Away Was To Deny Its Value.

Light

Age

Cost

I'm Not Too Concerned What Happens To My Books After I'm Dead. But I Am Very Concerned By What's Going On With The Culture Of Reading And Writing Nowadays.

Book

Reading

Writing

So, What, You Got Cigarette Burns, Too?" Gitanes Said. Chip Showed His Palm, "it's Nothing." "self-inflicted. You Pathetic American." "different Kind Of Prison" Chip Said.

Self

Different

Kind

He Became Another Data Point In The American Experiment Of Self-government, An Experiment Statistically Skewed From The Outset, Because It Wasn't The People With Sociable Genes Who Fled The Crowded Old World For The New Continent; It Was The People Who Didn't Get Along Well With Others.

Government

Self

Data

I Wanted All Of Her And Resented Other Boys For Wanting Any Part Of Her.

Boys

Wanted

I Had A Viking Sense Of Entitlement To Whatever Provisions I Could Plunder.

Vikings

Entitlement

Provision

There's A Hazardous Sadness To The First Sounds Of Someone Else's Work In The Morning; It's As If Stillness Experiences Pain In Being Broken.

Morning

Pain

Sadness

The World Was Ending Then, It's Ending Still, And I'm Happy To Belong To It Again.

World

Stills

Good Novels Are Produced By People Who Voluntarily Isolate Themselves And Go Deep, And Report From The Depths On What They Find.

People

Depth

Novel

Each New Thing He Encountered In Life Impelled Him In A Direction That Fully Convinced Him Of Its Rightness, But Then The Next New Thing Loomed Up And Impelled Him In The Opposite Direction, Which Also Felt Right. There Was No Controlling Narrative: He Seemed To Himself A Purely Reactive Pinball In A Game Whose Only Object Was To Stay Alive For Staying Alive's Sake.

Opposites

Games

Alive

And Silence Of The Lambs Is A Really Smart Book.

Smart

Book

Silence

Robin Turned And Looked Straight Into Her. "what's Life For?" "i Don't Know." "i Don't Either. But I Don't Think It's About Winning.

Thinking

Winning

Robins

Twitter Is Unspeakably Irritating. Twitter Stands For Everything I Oppose.

Irritating

I Feel That Working Environmentalists Are, In The Main, Happier Than Armchair Environmentalists.

Armchairs

Environmentalist

Feels

Fiction Is A Solution, The Best Solution, To The Problem Of Existential Solitude.

Solitude

Fiction

Problem

He Had A Happy Canine Way Of Seeking Approval Without Seeming Insecure.

Insecure

Way

Approval

The Place Of Stillness That You Have To Go To To Write, But Also To Read Seriously, Is The Point Where You Can Actually Make Responsible Decisions, Where You Can Actually Engage Productively With An Otherwise Scary And Unmanageable World.

Writing

Decision

Scary

For Every Reader Who Dies Today, A Viewer Is Born, And We Seem To Be Witnessing . . . The Final Tipping Balance.

Balance

Finals

Tipping

Depression, When It's Clinical, Is Not A Metaphor. It Runs In Families, And It's Known To Respond To Medication And To Counseling. However Truly You Believe There's A Sickness To Existence That Can Never Be Cured, If You're Depressed You Will Sooner Or Later Surrender And Say: I Just Don't Want To Feel Bad Anymore. The Shift From Depressive Realism To Tragic Realism, From Being Immobilized By Darkness To Being Sustained By It, Thus Strangely Seems To Require Believing In The Possibility Of A Cure.

Fiction That Isn't An Author's Personal Adventure Into The Frightening Or The Unknown Isn't Worth Writing For Anything But Money.

Writing

Adventure

Fiction

Family's The One Thing You Can't Change. You Can Cover Yourself With Tattoos. You Can Get A Grapefruit-sized Ring Going Through Your Earlobe. You Can Change Your Name. You Can Move To A Different Continent. But You Cannot Change Who Your Parents Were, And Who Your Siblings Are, And Who Your Children Are.

Tattoo

Children

Sibling

I Was About 13, In Some Ways, When I Wrote The First Book. Approximately 18 When I Wrote The Second.

Book

Way

Firsts

Even In An Intensely Mediated World, In A World That Offers At Least The Illusion Of Radical Self-invention And Radical Freedom Of Choice, I As A Novelist Am Drawn To The Things You Can't Get Away From. Because Much Of The Promise Of Radical Self-invention, Of Defining Yourself Through This Marvelous Freedom Of Choice, It's Just A Lie. It's A Lie That We All Buy Into, Because It Helps The Economy Run.

Running

Lying

Self

Imagine That Human Existence Is Defined By An Ache: The Ache Of Our Not Being, Each Of Us, The Center Of The Universe; Of Our Desires Forever Outnumbering Our Means Of Satisfying Them.

Mean

Forever

Desire

This Evening I Begin A Notebook. If Anyone Reads This, I Trust They Will Forgive My Overuse Of "i". I Can't Stop It. I'm Writing This.

Notebook

Writing

Forgiving

Every Good Writer I Know Needs To Go Into Some Deep, Quiet Place To Do Work That Is Fully Imagined. And What The Internet Brings Is Lots Of Vulgar Data. It Is The Antithesis Of The Imagination. It Leaves Nothing To The Imagination.

Data

Imagination

Needs

Patty Knew, In Her Heart, That He Was Wrong In His Impression Of Her. And The Mistake She Went To Go On To Make, The Really Big Life Mistake, Was To Go Along With Walter's Version Of Her In Spite Of Knowing That It Wasn't Right. He Seemed So Certain Of Her Goodness That Eventually He Wore Her Down.

Mistake

Heart

Knowing

I Don't Personally Like The E-readers They've Come Up With So Far. I Don't Fetishize Books, But I Do Like That They're Solid And Unchanging.

Book

Unchanging

Come Up

The Reason This System Can’t Be Overthrown In This Country,” Walter Said, “is All About Freedom. The Reason The Free Market In Europe Is Tempered By Socialism Is That They’re Not So Hung Up On Personal Liberties There. They Also Have Lower Population Growth Rates, Despite Comparable Income Levels. The Europans Are All-around More Rational, Basically. And The Conversation About Rights In This Country Isn’t Rational. It’s Taking Place On The Level Of Emotion, And Class Resentments, Which Is Why The Right Is So Good At Exploiting It.

Country

Rights

Europe

[t]hat I Could Find Company And Consolation And Hope In An Object Pulled Almost At Random From A Bookshelf--felt Akin To An Instance Of Religious Grace.

Religious

Grace

Hats

If You're Interested In How People Behave, If You're Interested In The Way They Talk About Themselves, The Way The Conceive Of Themselves, It's Very Hard To Ignore Drugs Nowadays, Because That Is So Much Part Of The Conversation.

People

Drug

Way

The Problem With Making A Virtual World Of Oneself Is Akin To The Problem With Projecting Ourselves Onto A Cyberworld: There’s No End Of Virtual Spaces In Which To Seek Stimulation, But Their Very Endlessness, The Perpetual Stimulation Without Satisfaction, Becomes Imprisoning.

Space

World

Satisfaction

I Think The Mission For The Writer Is To Tell Stories In A Compelling Way About The Stuff That Cannot Be Talked About, That Cannot Be Gotten At With Shallow Media.

Thinking

Media

Stories

The More You Pursue Distractions, The Less Effective Any Particular Distraction Is, And So I'd Had To Up Various Dosages, Until, Before I Knew It, I Was Checking My E-mail Every Ten Minutes, And My Plugs Of Tobacco Were Getting Ever Larger, And My Two Drinks A Night Had Worsened To Four, And I'd Achieved Such Deep Mastery Of Computer Solitaire That My Goal Was No Longer To Win A Game But To Win Two Or More Games In A Row--a Kind Of Meta-solitaire Whose Fascination Consisted Not In Playing The Cards But In Surfing The Streaks Of Wins And Losses.

Loss

Winning

Night

I Really Enjoy Doing Both, But I Didn't Write Nonfiction Until 1994.

Writing

Nonfiction

Enjoy

Then She Waited, With Parted Lips And A Saucy Challenge In Her Eyes, To See How Her Presence -- The Drama Of Being Her -- Was Registering. In The Way Of Such Chicks, She Seemed Convinced Of The Originality Of Her Provocation.

Drama

Eye

Challenges

What He'd Never Understood About Men In His Position, In All The Books He'd Read And Movies He'd Seen About Them, Was Clearer To Him Now: You Couldn't Keep Expecting Wholehearted Love Without, At Some Point, Requiting It. There Was No Credit To Be Earned For Simply Being Good.

Book

Men

Credit

I've Moved Away From That Sort Of Deep-ecological Extremism. I Started To Think: What Can We Do For Wild Birds Right Now? I Don't Want These Particular Species To Disappear.

Thinking

Bird

Want

I Guess My Life Hasn’t Always Been Happy, Or Easy, Or Exactly What I Want. At A Certain Point, I Just Have To Try Not To Think Too Much About Certain Things, Or Else They’ll Break My Heart.

Heart

Thinking

Trying

Interesting Verbs Are Seldom Very Interesting.

Writing

Interesting

Verbs

Remind Me Again What's Wrong With Dave Matthews?" "basically Everything, Except Technical Proficiency," Walter Said. "right." "but Maybe Especially The Banality Of The Lyrics. 'gotta Be Free, So Free, Yeah, Yeah, Yeah. Can't Live Without My Freedom, Yeah Yeah.' That's Pretty Much Every Song.

Song

Dave

Yeah

There Is, After All, A Kind Of Happiness In Unhappiness, If It's The Right Unhappiness.

Heartbreak

Kind

Unhappiness

Today's Baudelaires Are Hip-hop Artists.

Artist

Hip Hop

Today

If You Look At The New Testament, It's A Gospel Of Love. Yes, There's Talk Of Judgement And There's Talk Of Heaven And There's Talk Of People Not Getting Into Heaven, But It Doesn't Seem To Me That The Fundamental Message Of The Gospels Was One Of Guilt And Retribution So Much As Love.

People

Heaven

Judgement

Just As The Camera Draws A Stake Through The Heart Of Serious Portraiture, Television Has Killed The Novel Of Social Reportage.

Heart

Serious

Cameras

He Wanted This Someone To See How Much He Hurt.

Hurt

Wanted

Integrity's A Neutral Value. Hyenas Have Integrity, Too. They're Pure Hyena.

Integrity

Hyenas

Pure

The Mekons Were Kind Of Like The Background Music Of My Life.

Kind

Backgrounds

Background Music

This Wasn't The Person He'd Thought He Was, Or Would Have Chosen To Be If He'd Been Free To Choose, But There Was Something Comforting And Liberating About Being An Actual Definite Someone, Rather Than A Collection Of Contradictory Potential Someones.

Comforting

Contradictory

Chosen

Depression Presents Itself As A Realism Regarding The Rottenness Of The World In General And The Rottenness Of Your Life In Particular.

World

Realism

Particular

Fiction Is A Particularly Effective Way For Strangers To Connect Across Time And Distance

Distance

Fiction

Way

Use Well Thy Freedom.

Use

Wells

It'sthe Fate Of Most Ping-pong Tables In Home Basements Eventually To Serve The Ends Of Other, More Desperate Games.

Home

Fate

Games

I Wrote Two Plotted Books, Got Some Of The Fundamentals Of Storytelling Down, Then... It's Sort Of Like Taking The Training Wheels Off, Trying To Write A Book That's Fun In The Same Way Without Relying On Quite Such Mechanical Or External Beats.

Fun

Book

Writing

As With All Forms Of Liberation, Of Which The Liberation Of Women Is Only One Example, It Is Easy To Suppose In A Time Of Freedom That The Darker Days Of Repression Can Never Come Again.

Example

Easy

Form

It's Very Liberating For Me To Realize That I Don't Have To Step Up To The Plate With A Plot That Involves The U.n. Security Council.

Plot

Steps

Realizing

Sounded To Me Like He Had A Pretty Good Idea What He Was Saying," Van Replied, With Surprisingly Little Anger. "it's A Pity He Had To Overintellectualize Like That. He Did Such Good Work, And Then He Had To Go And Intellectualize It.

Ideas

Littles

Pity

Nell Zink Is A Writer Of Extraordinary Talent And Range. Her Work Insistently Raises The Possibility That The World Is Larger And Stranger Than The World You Think You Know.

Thinking

World

Talent

It's Healthy To Say Uncle When Your Bone's About To Break.

Uncles

Healthy

Bones

The Figure Of My Father Looms Large In My Imagination.

Father

Imagination

Figures

I Find It A Huge Strain To Be Responsible For My Tastes And Be Known And Defined By Them.

Taste

Responsible

Strain

I Used To Think It Was Hard To Write, And I Still Find The Process More Or Less Unpleasant, But If I Know What I'm Doing It Rattles Along, Then The Rewrite Whips It Into Shape Rather Quickly.

Writing

Thinking

Shapes

But Nothing Disturbs The Feeling Of Specialness Like The Presence Of Other Human Beings Feeling Identically Special.

Feelings

Special

Humans

If Multiculturalism Succeeds In Making Us A Nation Of Independently Empowered Tribes, Each Tribe Will Be Deprived Of The Comfort Of Victimhood And Be Forced To Confront Human Limitation For What It Is: A Fixture Of Life.

Comfort

Succeed

Tribes

And When The Event, The Big Change In Your Life, Is Simply An Insight-- Isn't That A Strange Thing? That Absolutely Nothing Changes Except That You See Things Differently And You're Less Fearful And Less Anxious And Generally Stronger As A Result: Isn't It Amazing That A Completely Invisible Thing In Your Head Can Feel Realer Than Anything You've Experienced Before?

Stronger

Events

Strange

When I Was Younger, The Main Struggle Was To Be A 'good Writer.' Now I More Or Less Take My Writing Abilities For Granted, Although This Doesn't Mean I Always Write Well.

Struggle

Writing

Mean

Certain Kinds Of Things That The Novel Used To Do, Which Was, "oh, I'm Living Out Here In West Nowhere, Nebraska And I'm Curious How The Upper Class In New York City Lives, I Guess I'll Read A Novel About It." We Don't Have To Do That Now. You Just Turn On The Tv. Turn On Lifestyles Of The Rich And Famous. You Can Get That Information Anywhere. Novels Don't Have To Do That Anymore.

New York

Class

Cities

Once There Are Good Sentences On The Page, I Can Feel A Loyalty To Them And Start Following Their Logic, And Take Refuge From Myself.

Loyalty

Pages

Logic

Here Was A Torture That Greek Inventors Of The Feast And The Stone Had Omitted From Their Hades: The Blanket Of Self-deception. A Lovely Warm Blanket As Far As It Covered The Soul In Torment, But It Never Quite Covered Everything.

Self

Greek

Soul

The Problem Was Money And The Indignities Of Life Without It. Every Stroller, Cell Phone, Yankees Cap, And Suv He Saw Was A Torment. He Wasn't Covetous, He Wasn't Envious. But Without Money He Was Hardly A Man.

Men

Phones

Cells

He Couldn't Figure Out If She Was Immensely Well Adjusted Or Seriously Messed Up.

Figures

Messed Up

Wells

You Encountered A Misery Near The End Of The Day And It Took A While To Gauge Its Full Extent. Some Miseries Had Sharp Curvature And Could Be Negotiated Readily. Others Had Almost No Curvature And You Knew You'd Be Spending Hours Turning The Corner. Great Whopping-big Planet-sized Miseries.

The End Of The Day

Gauges

Misery

It's Just A Matter Of Writing The Kind Of Book I Enjoy Reading. Something Better Be Happening At The Beginning, And Then On Every Page After, Or I Get Irritated.

Book

Reading

Writing

Elective Ignorance Was A Great Survival Skill, Perhaps The Greatest.

Ignorance

Skills

Survival Skills

...she Felt That Nothing Could Kill Her Hope Now, Nothing. She Was Seventy-five And She Was Going To Make Some Changes In Her Life.

Five

Seventies

Felt

Being Dead's Only A Problem If You Know You're Dead, Which You Never Do Because You're Dead!

Problem

Ifs

Corrections

I Voluntarily Inflicted A Certain Level Of Insanity On Myself.

Insanity

Levels

Certain

You See More Sitting Still Than Chasing After.

Sitting Still

Chasing

Stills

Our Lives Look A Lot More Interesting When They’re Filtered Through The Sexy Facebook Interface. We Star In Our Own Movies, We Photograph Ourselves Incessantly, We Click The Mouse And A Machine Confirms Our Sense Of Mastery.

Sexy

Stars

Interesting

I Try To Write Things That Can't Be Made Into Movies. My Novels Have Thwarted Many Attempts To Film Them And I Think That Was True Of The Essay, Too. If You'd Actually Tried To Be True To The Essay, It Would Have Been, Perhaps, Boring. So Taking That Narrow Little Cast Of Characters And Expanding It Out, That Was What Was Exciting About The Project For Me.

Character

Writing

Thinking

Our Visual Cortexes Are Wired To Quickly Recognize Faces And Then Quickly Subtract Massive Amounts Of Detail From Them, Zeroing In On Their Essential Message: Is This Person Happy? Angry? Fearful? Individual Faces May Vary Greatly, But A Smirk On One Is A Lot Like A Smirk On Another. Smirks Are Conceptual, Not Pictorial. Our Brains Are Like Cartoonists - And Cartoonists Are Like Our Brains, Simplifying And Exaggerating, Subordinating Facial Detail To Abstract Comic Concepts.

Brain

Essentials

Details

The Reader Is A Friend, Not An Adversary, Not A Spectator.

Writing

Reader

Spectators

We May Freak Out Globally, But We Suffer Locally.

Suffering

May

Freak

The Correction, When It Finally Came, Was Not An Overnight Bursting Of A Bubble But A Much More Gentle Letdown, A Year-long Leakage Of Value From Key Financial Markets, A Contraction Too Gradual To Generate Headlines And Too Predictable To Seriously Hurt Anybody But Fools And The Working Poor.

Hurt

Years

Keys

Readers And Writers Are United In Their Need For Solitude, In Their Pursuit Of Substance In A Time Of Ever-increasing Evanescence: In Their Reach Inward, Via Print, For A Way Out Of Loneliness.

Loneliness

Solitude

Needs

Mr. Franzen Said He And Mr. Wallace, Over Years Of Letters And Conversations About The Ethical Role Of The Novelist, Had Come To The Joint Conclusion That The Purpose Of Writing Fiction Was “a Way Out Of Loneliness.” (ny Times Article On The Memorial Service Of David Foster Wallace.)

Loneliness

Writing

Years

Nothing Got Inside The Head Without Becoming Pictures.

Cider

Becoming

Cold Night

Nice People Don't Necessarily Fall In Love With Nice People.

Funny

Witty

Falling In Love

It's Not Surprising To See In My Own Work, Looking Back, And In The Work Of Some Of My Peers, An Attention To Family. It's Nice To Write A Book That Does Tend Toward Significance And Meaning, And Where Else Are You Sure Of Finding It?

Nice

Book

Writing

The Personality Susceptible To The Dream Of Limitless Freedom Is A Personality Also Prone, Should The Dream Ever Sour, To Misanthropy And Rage.

Dream

Personality

Limitless

Everything He'd Done With Regard To Her In The Last Three Years Had Been Calculated To Foreclose The Intensely Personal Sort Of Talks They'd Had When He Was Younger: To Get Her To Shut Up, To Train Her To Contain Herself, To Make Her Stop Pestering Him With Her Overfull Heart And Her Uncensored Self. And Now That The Training Was Complete And She Was Obediently Trivial With Him, He Felt Bereft Of Her And Wanted To Undo It.

Heart

Self

Years

To Me, The Point Of A Novel Is To Take You To A Still Place. You Can Multitask With A Lot Of Things, But You Can’t Really Multitask Reading A Book.

Book

Reading

Novel

Everything He Did Was At Least Partial And Often Total Bullshit” (402).

Bullshit

I Admire Your Capacity For Admiring.

Capacity

Admire

Admiring

It Seems To Me Self-evident That If You Have A Life, Things Happen In It, And Certain Things Do Change; Certain Things End. People You Know Die.

Self

People

Things Change

Seriously, The World Is Changing So Quickly That If You Had Any More Than 80 Years Of Change I Don't See How You Could Stand It Psychologically.

Years

World

Ifs

I Feel As If I'm Clearly Part Of A Trend Among Writers Who Take Themselves Seriously - And I Confess To Taking Myself As Seriously As The Next Writer.

Trends

Feels

Fiction, I Believed, Was The Transmutation Of Experiential Dross Into Linguistic Gold. Fiction Meant Taking Up Whatever The World Had Abandoned By The Road And Making Something Beautiful Out Of It.

Beautiful

Gold

Fiction

When I Finally Gave Up Any Hope Of Doing Anything Representative Of The American Family, I Actually Seemed To Have Tapped Into Other People's Weirdness In That Way.

People

Way

Weirdness

But She Was Seventeen Now And Not Actually Dumb. She Knew That You Could Love Somebody More Than Anything And Still Not Love The Person All That Much, If You Were Busy With Other Things.

Dumb

Busy

Persons

Without Privacy There Was No Point In Being An Individual.

Privacy

Individual

No Point

When You Stay In Your Room And Rage Or Sneer Or Shrug Your Shoulders, As I Did For Many Years, The World And Its Problems Are Impossibly Daunting. But When You Go Out And Put Yourself In Real Relation To Real People, Or Even Just Real Animals, There’s A Very Real Danger That You Might End Up Loving Some Of Them. And Who Knows What Might Happen To You Then?

Real

Animal

Years

You're Either Reading A Book Or You're Not.

Book

Reading

He Watched A Catbird Hopping Around In An Azalea That Was Readying Itself To Bloom; He Envied The Bird For Knowing Nothing Of What He Knew; He Would Have Swapped Souls With It In A Heartbeat. And Then To Take Wing, To Know The Air's Buoyancy Even For An Hour: The Trad Was A No-brainer, And The Catbird, With Its Lively Indifference To Him, Its Sureness Of Physical Selfhood, Seemed Well Aware Of How Preferable It Was To Be The Bird.

Azaleas

Knowing Nothing

Air

Understanding Quotes: Their Essence and Application

Quotes, or quotations, are powerful tools in communication, encapsulating ideas, emotions, and wisdom in concise expressions. They serve various purposes across different contexts, from academic writing to everyday conversation.

1. Defining Quotes

A quote is a repetition of someone else's statement or thoughts. It can be a direct replication of words spoken or written by another individual, often used to support arguments, provide evidence, or convey profound insights.

2. The Importance of Quotes

2.1. Enhancing Credibility

Incorporating quotes from authoritative sources can bolster the credibility of your work. By referencing experts or primary sources, you demonstrate thorough research and a solid foundation for your arguments.

2.2. Providing Evidence

Quotes serve as concrete evidence to support claims. In academic and professional writing, they validate points made, offering readers a basis to trust the information presented.

2.3. Conveying Emotions and Perspectives

Quotes can encapsulate emotions and perspectives succinctly. They allow writers to express complex feelings or viewpoints through the words of others, often more eloquently than paraphrasing.

3. Types of Quotes

3.1. Direct Quotes

Direct quotes involve copying the exact words from a source, enclosed in quotation marks. They are used when the original wording is significant or particularly well-expressed.

3.2. Indirect Quotes (Paraphrasing)

Indirect quotes restate the original message in your own words. While not enclosed in quotation marks, they still require proper attribution to the original source.

3.3. Block Quotes

Block quotes are lengthy direct quotations, formatted as a separate block of text. They are typically used for quotes exceeding a certain length, varying by citation style. For instance, in APA style, quotes longer than 40 words are formatted as block quotes.

4. Proper Usage of Quotes

4.1. Contextual Relevance

Ensure that the quote you choose is relevant to the topic and adds value to your content. Avoid inserting quotes solely for decorative purposes.

4.2. Integration into Your Writing

Seamlessly integrate quotes into your writing. Introduce them appropriately and follow up with analysis or commentary to connect them to your main points.

4.3. Attribution and Citation

Always attribute quotes to their original authors and provide proper citations according to the required style guide (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

5. Common Mistakes to Avoid

5.1. Overusing Quotes

Relying too heavily on quotes can overshadow your voice. Use them sparingly to support your arguments, not replace them.

5.2. Lack of Analysis

Presenting a quote without analysis or explanation can leave readers questioning its relevance. Always follow up with your interpretation or discussion.

5.3. Misquoting or Taking Out of Context

Ensure that quotes are accurate and not taken out of context, as this can mislead readers and undermine your credibility.

6. Quotes in Different Contexts

6.1. Academic Writing

In academic writing, quotes are used to support arguments, provide evidence, and engage with existing literature. Proper citation is crucial to avoid plagiarism.

6.2. Journalism

Journalists use quotes to provide firsthand accounts, add authenticity, and present multiple perspectives within a story.

6.3. Literature and Creative Writing

In literature, quotes can be used to convey character voices, themes, and stylistic elements. They enrich narratives and provide depth to storytelling.

7. Punctuation and Formatting

Understanding the correct punctuation and formatting of quotes is essential:

Quotation Marks: Always enclose direct quotes within quotation marks.

Punctuation Placement: In American English, periods and commas are placed inside quotation marks, while colons and semicolons are placed outside.

Block Quotes: For longer quotes, format them as block quotes without quotation marks, and indent the entire block.

8. Ethical Considerations

Ethical use of quotes involves accurate representation, proper attribution, and respect for intellectual property. Misuse can lead to plagiarism, which carries serious academic and professional consequences.

9. Tools for Managing Quotes

Utilize tools like citation generators and plagiarism checkers to manage quotes effectively. These tools help ensure proper formatting and originality in your writing.

Conclusion

Quotes are invaluable in enriching content, providing evidence, and conveying complex ideas succinctly. When used appropriately, they enhance the quality and credibility of your writing. Always ensure relevance, proper integration, and ethical usage to maximize their impact.

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