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People Not Only Gain Understanding Through Reflection, They Evaluate And Alter Their Own Thinking.
-Albert Bandura
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People Not Only Gain

Albert Bandura
...
People Not Only Gain Understanding Through Reflection, They Evaluate And Alter Their Own Thinking.

Understanding the Quote: "people not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their..."

This quote by Albert Bandura reflects deeply on the theme of reflection. It connects to the universal human journey of purpose, motivation, and reflection. Often categorized under Reflection, Thinking, People, the quote offers insight, emotional clarity, and intellectual inspiration to readers worldwide.

Whether you’re a student exploring new ideas, a leader trying to motivate your team, or someone seeking direction in life — this quote provides value. It resonates because it’s more than words — it’s a bridge between experience and wisdom. It shows how Albert Bandura interprets life's core challenges and triumphs.

Lessons From the Quote

This quote teaches resilience and focus. It reminds readers that no matter where they stand in life, reflection and self-awareness lead to growth. Each word has meaning, and when studied, it becomes clear how impactful thoughtful language can be.

About Albert Bandura

Albert Bandura is celebrated for insightful thoughts on reflection and thinking. Their legacy lives on through writings that guide, comfort, and inspire. Discover more on their profile page.

Actionable Takeaways

  • Reflect on how this quote applies to your current life path.
  • Share the message with someone who needs inspiration.
  • Write your thoughts on this quote in a journal or blog post.
  • Use it as a daily affirmation or reminder.

Closing Thoughts

Quotes like this endure because they capture universal truths. They comfort us in solitude and empower us in groups. Carry this quote forward — live by its wisdom, share its message, and keep its essence alive.

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Topic
Reflection
Thinking
People
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The Difficulty In Judging What Type Of Behavior Works Well Arises Not Only Because A Given Course Of Action Does Not Always Produce The Outcomes. Similar Outcomes Can Occur For Reasons Other Than The Person's Actions, Which Further Complicates Inferential Judgment. Effects That Arise Independently Of One's Actions Distort The Influence Of Similar Effects Produced By The Actions, But Only On Some Occasions. Given A Strong Cognitive Set To Perceive Regularities, Even Chance Joint Occurrences Of Events Can Be Easily Misjudged As Genuine Relationships Of Low Contingent Probability
Strong
Judging
Outcomes
People’s Beliefs About Their Abilities Have A Profound Effect On Those Abilities.
People
Profound
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Perceived Self-efficacy And Beliefs About The Locus Of Outcome Causality Must Be Distinguished
Self
Outcomes
Causality
We Are More Heavily Invested In The Theories Of Failure Than We Are In The Theories Of Success.
Theory
Expected Outcomes Contribute To Motivation Independently Of Self-efficacy Beliefs When Outcomes Are Not Completely Controlled By Quality Of Performance. This Occurs When Extraneous Factors Also Affect Outcomes, Or Outcomes Are Socially Tied To A Minimum Level Of Performance So That Some Variations In Quality Of Performance Above And Below The Standard Do Not Produce Differential Outcomes
Motivation
Self
Quality
People Who Are Burdened By Acute Misgivings About Their Coping Capabilities Suffer Much Distress And Expend Much Effort In Defensive Action... They Cannot Get Themselves To Do Things They Find Subjectively Threatening Even Though They Are Objectively Safe. They May Even Shun Easily Manageable Activities Because They See Them As Leading To More Threatening Events Over Which They Will Be Unable To Exercise Adequate Control.
Exercise
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As A General Rule, Moderate Levels Of Arousal Facilitate Deployment Of Skills, Whereas High Arousal Disrupts It. This Is Especially True Of Complex Activities Requiring Intricate Organization Of Behavior
Skills
Organization
Deployment
To The Extent That Children With Similar Characteristics Achieve Comparable Performance Levels, Using The Performances Of Similar Peers Is Likely To Yield More Accurate Self-appraisal Than Using The Accomplishments Of Dissimilar Peers
Children
Yield
Self
Self-efficacy Is The Belief In One's Capabilities To Organize And Execute The Sources Of Action Required To Manage Prospective Situations.
Self
Belief
Action
Behavior Must Also Be Adequately Assessed Under Appropriate Circumstances. Ill-defined Global Measures Of Perceived Self-efficacy Or Defective Assessments Of Performance Will Yield Discordances. Disparities Will Also Arise When Efficacy Is Judged For Performances In Actual Situations But Performance Is Measured In Simulated Situations That Are Easier To Deal With Than The Actualities
Assessment
Self
Yield
Discrepancies Between Self-efficacy Judgment And Performance Will Arise When Either The Tasks Or The Circumstances Under Which They Are Performed Are Ambiguous
Discrepancies Between
Self
Tasks
Very Often We Developed A Better Grasp Of The Subjects Than The Over Worked Teachers.
Teacher
Subjects
[attributional] Factors Serve As Conveyors Of Efficacy Information That Influence Performance Largely Through Their Intervening Effects On Self-percepts Of Efficacy
Self
Information
Influence
After People Become Convinced They Have What It Takes To Succeed, They Persevere In The Face Of Adversity And Quickly Rebound From Setbacks. By Sticking It Out Through Tough Times, They Emerge Stronger From Adversity.
Adversity
People
Tough Times
Self-appraisals Are Influenced By Evaluative Reactions Of Others.
Self
Reactions
Self Efficacy
Dualistic Doctrines That Regard Mind And Body As Separate Entities Do Not Provide Much Enlightenment On The Nature Of The Disembodied Mental State Or On How An Immaterial Mind And Bodily Events Act On Each Other
Mind
Enlightenment
Events
Reasonably Accurate Appraisal Of One's Own Capabilities Is, Therefore, Of Considerable Value In Successful Functioning. Large Misjudgments Of Personal Efficacy In Either Direction Have Consequences. People Who Grossly Overestimate Their Capabilities Undertake Activities That Are Clearly Beyond Their Reach. As A Result, They Get Themselves Into Considerable Difficulties, Undermine Their Credibility, And Suffer Needless Failures. Some Of The Missteps, Of Course, Can Produce Serious, Irreparable Harm
Successful
Irreparable Harm
People
Moreover, Joint Occurrences Tend To Be Better Recalled Than Instances When The Effect Does Not Occur. The Proneness To Remember Confirming Instances, But To Overlook Disconfirming Ones, Further Serves To Convert, In Thought, Coincidences Into Causalities.
Doe
Causality
Joints
From The Social Cognitive Perspective, It Is Mainly Perceived Inefficacy To Cope With Potentially Aversive Events That Makes Them Fearsome. To The Extent That People Believe They Can Prevent, Terminate, Or Lessen The Severity Of Aversive Events, They Have Little Reason To Be Perturbed By Them. But If They Believe They Are Unable To Manage Threats Safely, They Have Much Cause For Apprehension.
Believe
People
Perspective
Students Judge How Well They Might Do In A Chemistry Course From Knowing How Peers, Who Performed Comparably To Them In Physics, Fared In Chemistry
Knowing
Judging
Peers
Moral Justification Is A Powerful Disengagement Mechanism. Destructive Conduct Is Made Personally And Socially Acceptable By Portraying It In The Service Of Moral Ends. This Is Why Most Appeals Against Violent Means Usually Fall On Deaf Ears.
Powerful
Fall
Mean
If You Look At Our Theories Of Social Pathology And Then At The Dismal Conditions In Which Children Grow Up In Our Ghettos, You Would Predict That All Of Them Would Be On Drugs Or Psychological Basket Cases. Yet If You Use Criteria Like Gainful Employment, Forming Partnerships And Life Without Crime, You Will Find That Most Of Those Kids Make It.
Children
Growing Up
Kids
Accurate Processing Of Information About Outcomes Is No Simple Task Under The Variable Conditions Of Everyday Life . . . Usually, Many Factors Enter Into Determining What Effects, If Any, Given Actions Will Have, Actions, Therefore, Produce Outcomes Probabilistically Rather Than Certainly. Depending On The Particular Conjunction Of Factors, The Same Course Of Action May Produce Given Outcomes Regularly, Occasionally, Or Only Infrequently
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Everyday
May
Persons Who Have A Strong Sense Of Efficacy Deploy Their Attention And Effort To The Demands Of The Situation And Are Spurred By Obstacles To Greater Effort.
Strong
Effort
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People Who Believe They Have The Power To Exercise Some Measure Of Control Over Their Lives Are Healthier, More Effective And More Successful Than Those Who Lack Faith In Their Ability To Effect Changes In Their Lives.
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Such Knowledge Is Probably Gained In Several Ways. One Process Undoubtedly Operates Through Social Comparison Of Success And Failure Experiences. Children Repeatedly Observe Their Own Behavior And The Attainments Of Others
Children
Way
Success And Failure
A Problem Of Future Research Is To Clarify How Young Children Learn What Type Of Social Comparative Information Is Most Useful For Efficacy Evaluation
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The Content Of Most Textbooks Is Perishable, But The Tools Of Self-directedness Serve One Well Over Time.
Self
Textbooks
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If Self-efficacy Is Lacking, People Tend To Behave Ineffectually, Even Though They Know What To Do.
Self
People
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People Infer High Self-efficacy From Successes Achieved Through Minimal Effort On Difficult Tasks, But They Infer Low Self-efficacy If They Had To Work Hard Under Favorable Conditions To Master Relatively Easy Tasks
Hard Work
Self
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Self-efficacy Beliefs Differ From Outcome Expectations, Judgments Of The Likely Consequence [that] Behavior Will Produce.
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Expectations
Outcomes
Self-belief Does Not Necessarily Ensure Success, But Self-disbelief Assuredly Spawns Failure.
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Doe
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The Satisfactions People Derive From What They Do Are Determined To A Large Degree By Their Self-evaluative Standards
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People
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People Judge Their Capabilities Partly By Comparing Their Performances With Those Of Others
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The Adequacy Of Performance Attainments Depends Upon The Personal Standards Against Which They Are Judged
Adequacy
Standards
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People's Conceptions About Themselves And The Nature Of Things Are Developed And Verified Through Four Different Processes: Direct Experience Of The Effects Produced By Their Actions, Vicarious Experience Of The Effects Produced By Somebody Else's Actions, Judgments Voiced By Others, And Derivation Of Further Knowledge From What They Already Know By Using Rules Of Inference
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Among The Types Of Thoughts That Affect Action, None Is More Central Or Pervasive Than People's Judgments Of Their Capabilities To Deal Effectively With Different Realities
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Judgments Of Adequacy Involve Social Comparison Processes
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People Who Regard Themselves As Highly Efficacious Act, Think, And Feel Differently From Those Who Perceive Themselves As Inefficacious. They Produce Their Own Future, Rather Than Simply Foretell It.
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Most Of The Images Of Reality On Which We Base Our Actions Are Really Based On Vicarious Experience.
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Even The Self-assured Will Raise Their Perceived Self-efficacy If Models Teach Them Better Ways Of Doing Things.
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Way
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Accomplishment Is Socially Judged By Ill Defined Criteria So That One Has To Rely On Others To Find Out How One Is Doing.
Accomplishment
Criteria
Ill
The Human Condition Is Better Improved By Altering Detrimental Circumstances And Personal Perspectives Than By Trying To Alter Personal Outlooks, While Ignoring The Very Circumstances That Serve To Nourish Them
Perspective
Trying
Outlook
Dysfunctions Can Occur In Each Of The Self-regulatory Subfunctions-in How Personal Experiences Are Self-monitored And Cognitively Processed, In The Evaluative Self-standards That Are Adopted, And In The Evaluative Self-reactions To One's Own Behavior.. Problems At Any One Of These Points Can Create Self-dissatisfactions And Dejection. Dysfunctions In All Aspects Of The Self System Are Most Apt To Produce The Most Chronic Self-disparagement And Despondency
Dysfunction
Self
Problem
Misbeliefs In One's Inefficacy May Retard Development Of The Very Subskills Upon Which More Complex Performances Depend
Development
May
Self Efficacy
How Children Learn To Use Diverse Sources Of Efficacy Information In Developing A Stable And Accurate Sense Of Personal Efficacy Is A Matter Of Considerable Interest
Children
Information
Matter
Perceived Self-efficacy In Coping With Potential Threats Leads People To Approach Such Situations Anxiously, And Experience Of Disruptive Arousal May Further Lower Their Sense Of Efficacy That They Will Be Able To Perform Skillfully
Self
People
Arousal
It Is Widely Assumed That Beliefs In Personal Determination Of Outcomes Create A Sense Of Efficacy And Power, Whereas Beliefs That Outcomes Occur Regardless Of What One Does Result In Apathy
Determination
Apathy
Doe
Such Self-referent Misgivings Creates Stress And Undermine Effective Use Of The Competencies People Possess By Diverting Attention From How Best To Proceed To Concern Over Personal Failings And Possible Mishaps
Stress
Self
People
One Cannot Afford To Be A Realist.
Realist
Self Efficacy
People Behave Agentically, But They Produce Theories That Afford People Very Little Agency.
Agency
People
Littles
The Presence Of Many Interacting Influences, Including The Attainments Of Others, Create Further Leeway In How One's Performances And Outcomes Are Cognitively Appraised
Outcomes
Influence
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Incongruities Between Self-efficacy And Action May Stem From Misperceptions Of Task Demands, As Well As From Faulty Self-knowledge
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May
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Stringent Standards Of Self-evaluation [can] Make Otherwise Objective Successes Seem To Be Personal Failures
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Self-doubt Creates The Impetus For Learning But Hinders Adept Use Of Previously Established Skills
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Social Cognitive Theory Rejects The Dichotomous Conception Of Self As Agent And Self As Object. Acting On The Environment And Acting On Oneself Entail Shifting The Perspective Of The Same Agent Rather Than Reifying Different Selves Regulating Each Other Or Transforming The Self From Agent To Object
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Perspective
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There Are Countless Studies On The Negative Spillover Of Job Pressures On Family Life, But Few On How Job Satisfaction Enhances The Quality Of Family Life.
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Because Of Such Conjointedness, Behavior That Exerts No Effect Whatsoever On Outcomes Is Developed And Consistently Performed
Outcomes
Behavior
Self Efficacy
Perceived Self-efficacy Also Shapes Causal Thinking. In Seeking Solutions To Difficult Problems, Those Who Perceived Themselves As Highly Efficacious Are Inclined To Attribute Their Failures To Insufficient Effort, Whereas Those Of Comparable Skills But Lower Perceived Self-efficacy Ascribe Their Failures To Deficient Ability
Thinking
Self
Skills
The Evaluative Habits Developed In Sibling Interactions Undoubtedly Affect The Salience And Choice Of Comparative Referents In Self-ability Evaluations In Later Life
Sibling
Self
Choices
Forceful Actions Arising From Erroneous Beliefs Often Create Social Effects That Confirm The Misbeliefs
Belief
Action
Social
Many People Who Gain Recognition And Fame Shape Their Lives By Overcoming Seemingly Insurmountable Obstacles, Only To Be Catapulted Into New Social Realities Over Which They Have Less Control And Manage Badly. Indeed, The Annals Of The Famous And Infamous Are Strewn With Individuals Who Were Both Architects And Victims Of Their Life Courses.
Reality
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Overcoming
Freedom [should Not Be] Conceived Negatively As Exemption From Social Influences Or Situational Constraints. Rather...positively As The Exercise Of Self-influence To Bring About Desired Results.
Exercise
Self
Influence
It Is No More Informative To Speak Of Self-efficacy In Global Terms Than To Speak Of Nonspecific Social Behavior
Self
Social Behavior
Speak
Comparative Appraisals Of Efficacy Require Not Only Evaluation Of One;s Own Performances But Also Knowledge Of How Others Do, Cognizance Of Nonability Determinants Of Their Performances, And Some Understanding That It Is Others, Like Oneself, Who Provide The Most Informative Social Criterion For Comparison
Understanding
Evaluation
Social
[children] Receive Direct Instruction From Time To Time About The Appropriateness Of Various Social Comparisons
Children
Social
Instruction
People Who Hold A Low View Of Themselves [will Credit] Their Achievements To External Factors, Rather Than To Their Own Capabilities.
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People
Achievement
Perceived Self-inefficacy Predicts Avoidance Of Academic Activities Whereas Anxiety Does Not
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Anxiety
Doe
What People Think, Believe, And Feel Affects How They Behave. The Natural And Extrinsic Effects Of Their Actions, In Turn, Partly Determine Their Thought Patterns And Affective Reactions.
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Thinking
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Through Their Capacity To Manipulate Symbols And To Engage In Reflective Thought, People Can Generate Novel Ideas And Innovative Actions That Transcend Their Past Experiences
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Ideas
People
People Who Underestimate Their Capabilities Also Bear Costs, Although, As Already Noted, These Are More Likely To Take Self-limiting Rather Than Aversive Forms. By Failing To Cultivate Personal Potentialities And Constricting Their Activities, Such Persons Cut Themselves Off From Many Rewarding Experiences. Should They Attempt Tasks Having Evaluative Significance, They Create Internal Obstacles To Effective Performance By Approaching Them With Unnerving Self-doubts
Cutting
Self
People
This Has Increased With The Tremendous Technological Advances In Communications. We Have A Vast New World Of Images Brought Into Our Sitting Rooms Electronically. Most Of The Images Of Reality On Which We Base Our Actions Are Really Based On Vicarious Experience. This Has Increased With The Tremendous Technological Advances In Communications. We Have A Vast New World Of Images Brought Into Our Sitting-rooms Electronically.
Communication
Reality
Sitting
A Theory That Denies That Thoughts Can Regulate Actions Does Not Lend Itself Readily To The Explanation Of Complex Human Behavior.
Doe
Action
Behavior
The Effects Of Outcome Expectancies On Performance Motivation Are Partly Governed By Self-beliefs Of Efficacy
Motivation
Self
Outcomes
Given A Sufficient Level Of Perceived Self-efficacy To Take On Threatening Tasks, Phobics Perform Them With Varying Amounts Of Fear Arousal Depending On The Strength Of Their Perceived Self-efficacy
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Arousal
Tasks
People Regulate Their Level And Distribution Of Effort In Accordance With The Effects They Expect Their Actions To Have. As A Result, Their Behavior Is Better Predicted From Their Beliefs Than From The Actual Consequences Of Their Actions
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Levels
People Are Much More Likely To Act On Their Self-percepts Of Efficacy Inferred From Many Sources Of Information Rather Than Rely Primarily On Visceral Cues. This Is Not Surprising Because Self Knowledge Based On Information About One's Coping Skills, Past Accomplishments, And Social Comparison Is Considerably More Indicative Of Capability Than The Indefinite Stirrings Of The Viscera
Past
Self
Skills
If There Is Any Characteristic That Is Distinctly Human, It Is The Capability For Reflective Self-consciousness.
Philosophy
Educational
Self
Success And Failure Are Largely Self-defined In Terms Of Personal Standards. The Higher The Self-standards, The More Likely Will Given Attainments Be Viewed As Failures, Regardless Of What Others Might Think.
Thinking
Self
Might
Convictions That Outcomes Are Determined By One's Own Actions Can Be Either Demoralizing Or Heartening, Depending On The Level Of Self-judged Efficacy. People Who Regard Outcomes As Personally Determined, But Who Lack The Requisite Skills, Would Experience Low Self-efficacy And View The Activities With A Sense Of Futility
Self
Views
Skills
Self-percepts Foster Actions That Generate Information, As Well As Serve As A Filtering Mechanism For Self-referent Information In The Self-maintaining Process
Self
Information
Maintaining
People Who Are Insecure About Themselves Will Avoid Social Comparisons That Are Potentially Threatening To Their Self-esteem
Self Esteem
Insecure
People
Humans Are Producers Of Their Life Circumstance Not Just Products Of Them.
Inspirational
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Producers
Indeed There Are Many Competent People Who Are Plagued By A Sense Of Inefficacy, And Many Less Competent Ones Who Remain Unperturbed By Impending Threats Because They Are Self-assured Of Their Coping Capabilities
Self
People
Coping
In Order To Succeed, People Need A Sense Of Self-efficacy, To Struggle Together With Resilience To Meet The Inevitable Obstacles And Inequities Of Life.
Fear
Struggle
Self
Psychology Cannot Tell People How They Ought To Live Their Lives. It Can However, Provide Them With The Means For Effecting Personal And Social Change.
Mean
People
Psychology
In The Self-appraisal Of Efficacy, There Are Many Sources Of Information That Must Be Processed And Weighed Through Self-referent Thought
Self
Information
Source
Self Efficacious Children Tend To Attribute Their Successes To Ability, But Ability Attributions Affect Performance Indirectly Through Perceived Self-efficacy
Children
Self
Attributes
When People Are Not Aiming For Anything In Particular Or When They Cannot Monitor Their Performance, There Is Little Basis For Translating Perceived Efficacy Into Appropriate Magnitudes Of Effort
People
Effort
Littles
Once Established, Reputations Do Not Easily Change.
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Self Efficacy
Perceived Self-efficacy Influences The Types Of Causal Attributions People Make For Their Performances
Self
People
Influence
For Many Activities, People Cannot Rely Solely On Themselves In Evaluating Their Ability Level Because Such Judgments Require Inferences From Probabilistic Indicants Of Talent About Which They May Have Limited Knowledge. Self-appraisals Are, Therefore, Partly Based On The Opinions Of Others Who Presumably Possess Evaluative Competence
Self
People
Levels
Even Noteworthy Performance Attainments Do Not Necessarily Boost Perceived Self-efficacy
Self
Boost
Efficacy
Except For Events That Carry Great Weight, It Is Not Experience Per Se, But How They Match Expectations, That Governs Their Emotional Impact
Emotional
Impact
Expectations
In Social Cognitive Theory, Perceived Self-efficacy Results From Diverse Sources Of Information Conveyed Vicariously And Through Social Evaluation, As Well As Through Direct Experience
Self
Information
Evaluation
The Performances Of Others Are Often Selected As Standards For Self-improvement Of Abilities
Self
Improvement
Standards
Measures Of Self-precept Must Be Tailored To The Domain Of Psychological Functioning Being Explored.
Self
Psychological
Domain
People Not Only Gain Understanding Through Reflection, They Evaluate And Alter Their Own Thinking.
Reflection
Thinking
People
When Actions Are Followed By Events That Are Not Causally Related To The Prior Acts, People Often Erroneously Perceive Contingencies That Do Not, In Fact, Exist
People
Events
Facts
Agemates Provide The Most Informative Points Of Reference For Comparative Efficacy Appraisal And Verification. Children Are, Therefore, Especially Sensitive To Their Relative Standing Among The Peers With Whom They Affiliate In Activities That Determine Prestige And Popularity
Children
Peers
Prestige
To Grant Thought Causal Efficacy Is Not To Invoke A Disembodied Mental State
States
Efficacy
Grants
People With High Assurance In Their Capabilities Approach Difficult Tasks As Challenges To Be Mastered Rather Than As Threats To Be Avoided.
People
Challenges
Tasks
Coping With The Demands Of Everyday Life Would Be Exceedingly Trying If One Could Arrive At Solutions To Problems Only By Actually Performing Possible Options And Suffering The Consequences.
Everyday
Suffering
Trying
Self-appraisals Of Efficacy Are Reasonably Accurate, But They Diverge From Action Because People Do Not Know Fully What They Will Have To Do, Lack Information For Regulating Their Effort, Or Are Hindered By External Factors From Doing What They Can
Self
People
Effort
In Any Given Instance, Behavior Can Be Predicted Best By Considering Both Self-efficacy And Outcome Beliefs . . . Different Patterns Of Self-efficacy And Outcome Beliefs Are Likely To Produce Different Psychological Effects
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Different
Patterns
Gaining Insight Into One's Underlying Motives, It Seems, Is More Like A Belief Conversion Than A Self-discovery Process
Discovery
Self
Belief
Learning Would Be Exceedingly Laborious, Not To Mention Hazardous, If People Had To Rely Solely On The Effects Of Their Own Actions To Inform Them What To Do. Fortunately, Most Human Behavior Is Learned Observationally Through Modeling: From Observing Others One Forms An Idea Of How New Behaviors Are Performed, And On Later Occasions This Coded Information Serves As A Guide For Action.
Ideas
People
Would Be
Ironically, It Is The Talented Who Have High Aspirations, Which Are Possible But Exceedingly Difficult To Realize, Who Are Especially Vulnerable To Self-dissatisfaction Despite Notable Achievements.
Self
Achievement
Notable
Regression Analyses Show That Self-efficacy Contributes To Achievement Behavior Beyond The Effects Of Cognitive Skills
Self
Skills
Achievement
When Experience Contradicts Firmly Held Judgments Of Self-efficacy, People May Not Change Their Beliefs About Themselves If The Conditions Of Performance Are Such As To Lead Them To Discount The Import Of The Experience
Self
People
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