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Labor, Being Itself A Commodity, Is Measured As Such By The Labor Time Needed To Produce The Labor-commodity. And What Is Needed To Produce This Labor-commodity? Just Enough Labor Time To Produce The Objects Indispensable To The Constant Maintenance Of Labor, That Is, To Keep The Worker Alive And In A Condition To Propagate His Race. The Natural Price Of Labor Is No Other Than The Wage Minimum.

-Karl Marx

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Labor, Being Itself A

Karl Marx

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Labor, Being Itself A Commodity, Is Measured As Such By The Labor Time Needed To Produce The Labor-commodity. And What Is Needed To Produce This Labor-commodity? Just Enough Labor Time To Produce The Objects Indispensable To The Constant Maintenance Of Labor, That Is, To Keep The Worker Alive And In A Condition To Propagate His Race. The Natural Price Of Labor Is No Other Than The Wage Minimum.

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The English Established Church... Will More Readily Pardon An Attack On 38 Of Its 39 Articles Than On 1/39 Of Its Income.

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In My Free Time I Do Differential And Integral Calculus.

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Nothing To Lose

When The Sufferers Learn To Think, Then The Thinkers Will Learn To Suffer.

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[napoleon] Swept Away Everywhere The Establishments Of Feudality. ... [he Was] Caesar Himself.

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We Have No Compassion And We Ask No Compassion From You. When Our Turn Comes, We Shall Not Make Excuses For The Terror.

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Change The Economic Base And You Will Change Human Beings.

The Directing Motive, The End And Aim Of Capitalist Production, Is To Extract The Greatest Possible Amount Of Surplus Value, And Consequently To Exploit Labor-power To The Greatest Possible Extent.

The Object Of Art Like Every Other Product Creates A Public Which Is Sensitive To Art And Enjoys Beauty.

You Will Have To Go Through 15, 20, 50 Years Of Civil Wars And National Struggles Not Only To Bring About A Change In Society But Also To Change Yourselves, And Prepare Yourselves For The Exercise Of Political Power.

All That We Want To Do Away With Is The Miserable Character Of This Appropriation, Under Which The Labourer Lives Merely To Increase Capital , And Allowed To Live Only So Far As The Interest To The Ruling Class Requires It.

Misery Motivates, Not Utopia.

I Am A Machine, Condemned To Devour Them And Then, Throw Them, In A Changed Form, On The Dunghill Of History.

Hence Money May Be Dirt, Although Dirt Is Not Money.

Religion Is The Balm Of The People.

Under The Ideal Measure Of Values There Lurks The Hard Cash.

Social Consciousness

The Jews Of Poland Are The Smeariest Of All Races.

Money Does Not Arise By Convention, Any More Than The State Does. It Arises Out Of Exchange, And Arises Naturally Out Of Exchange; It Is A Product Of The Same.

Capital Is Money, Capital Is Commodities. By Virtue Of It Being Value, It Has Acquired The Occult Ability To Add Value To Itself. It Brings Forth Living Offspring, Or, At The Least, Lays Golden Eggs.

The Weapon Of Criticism Can Never Replace The Criticism Of Weapons.

No Sooner Is The Exploitation Of The Labourer By The Manufacturer, So Far, At An End, That He Receives His Wages In Cash, Than He Is Set Upon By The Other Portions Of The Bourgeoisie, The Landlord, The Shopkeeper, The Pawnbroker, Etc.

In Proportion As The Exploitation Of One Individual By Another Is Put An End To, The Exploitation Of One Nation By Another Will Also Be Put An End To. In Proportion As The Antagonism Between Classes Within The Nation Vanishes, The Hostility Of One Nation To Another Will Come To An End.

There Are No Bigger Donkeys Than These Workers.... Look At Our 'craftsmen'; Sad That World History Should Be Be Made With Such People.

The Social Revolution...cannot Draw Its Poetry From The Past, But Only From The Future. It Cannot Begin With Itself Before It Has Stripped Itself Of All Superstitions Concerning The Past.

Christ Represents Originally: 1) Men Before God; 2) God For Men; 3) Men To Man. Similarly, Money Represents Originally, In Accordance With The Idea Of Money: 1) Private Property For Private Property; 2) Society For Private Property; 3) Private Property For Society. But Christ Is Alienated God And Alienated Man. God Has Value Only Insofar As He Represents Christ, And Man Has Value Only Insofar As He Represents Christ. It Is The Same With Money.

Communism Is For Us Not A State Of Affairs Which Is To Be Established, An Ideal To Which Reality [will] Have To Adjust Itself. We Call Communism The Real Movement Which Abolishes The Present State Of Things. The Conditions Of This Movement Result From The Premises Now In Existence.

Capitalist Production, Therefore, Develops Technology, And The Combining Together Of Various Processes Into A Social Whole, Only By Sapping The Original Sources Of All Wealth - The Soil And The Labourer.

There Is No Royal Road To Science, And Only Those Who Do Not Dread The Fatiguing Climb Of Its Steep Paths Have A Chance Of Gaining Its Luminous Summits. (preface To The French Edition).

If Anything Is Certain, It Is That I Myself Am Not A Marxist.

Communist Manifesto

I Am Stretching Out This Volume, Since Those German Dogs Estimate The Value Of Books By Their Cubic Contents.

Nothing Is Easier Than To Give Christian Asceticism A Socialist Tinge.

Once The Inner Connection Is Grasped, All Theoretical Belief In The Permanent Necessity Of Existing Conditions Collapses Before Their Collapse In Practice -- Letter To Ludwig Kugelmann (july 11, 1868)

A Spectre Is Haunting Europe-the Spectre Of Communism. All The Powers Of Old Europe Have Entered Into Holy Alliance To Exorcise This Spectre: Pope And Czar, Metternich And Guizot, French Radicals And German Police-spies. Where Is The Party In Opposition That Has Not Been Decried As Communistic By Its Opponents In Power? Where The Opposition That Has Not Hurled Back The Branding Reproach Of Communism, Against The More Advanced Opposition Parties, As Well As Against Its Reactionary Adversaries?

In Order To Arouse Sympathy, The Aristocracy Was Obliged To Lose Sight, Apparently, Of Its Own Interests, And To Formulate Its Indictment Against The Bourgeoisie In The Interest Of The Exploited Working Class Alone. Thus, The Aristocracy Took Their Revenge By Singing Lampoons On Their New Masters And Whispering In His Ears Sinister Prophesies Of Coming Catastrophe.

It Is A Bad Thing To Perform Menial Duties Even For The Sake Of Freedom; To Fight With Pinpricks, Instead Of With Clubs. I Have Become Tired Of Hypocrisy, Stupidity, Gross Arbitrariness, And Of Our Bowing And Scraping, Dodging, And Hair-splitting Over Words. Consequently, The Government Has Given Me Back My Freedom.

The English Have All The Material Requisites For The Revolution. What They Lack Is The Spirit Of Generalization And Revolutionary Ardour.

Money Degrades All The Gods Of Man And Converts Them Into Commodities.

Nothing Has Changed In Russias Policy. Her Methods, Her Tactics, Her Maneuvers May Change, But The Pole Starworld Dominationis Immutable.

Work Is External To The Worker. . . . It Is Not Part Of His Nature; Consequently He Does Not Fulfill Himself In His Work But Denies Himself. . . . The Worker Therefore Feels Himself At Home Only During His Leisure Time, Whereas At Work He Feels Homeless.

...it Happens That Society Is Saved As Often As The Circle Of Its Ruling Class Is Narrowed, As Often As A More Exclusive Interest Asserts Itself Over The General. Every Demand For The Most Simple Bourgeois Financial Reform, For The Most Ordinary Liberalism, For The Most Commonplace Republicanism, For The Flattest Democracy Is Forthwith Punished As An Assault Upon Society And Is Branded As Socialism.

If I Negate Powdered Wigs, I Am Still Left With Unpowdered Wigs.

Ideas Do Not Exist Separately From Language.

So Far No Chemist Has Ever Discovered Exchange-value Either In A Pearl Or A Diamond.

The Past Lies Like A Nightmare Upon The Present.

...the Communists Everywhere Support Every Revolutionary Movement Against The Existing Social And Political Order Of Things... They Openly Declare That Their Ends Can Be Attained Only By The Forcible Overthrow Of All Existing Social Conditions.

The Bureaucracy Takes Itself To Be The Ultimate Purpose Of The State

The Production Of Too Many Useful Things Results In Too Many Useless People.

Society Does Not Consist Of Individuals But Expresses The Sum Of Interrelations, The Relations Within Which These Individuals Stand.

Social Progress Can Be Measured Exactly By The Social Position Of The Fair Sex.

So In Jewry We Recognise A Contemporary Universal Anti-social Phenomenon, Which Has Reached Its Present Pitch Through A Process Of, Historical Development In Which The Jews Have Zealously Co-operated. And This Evil Anti-social Aspect Of Jewry Has Grown To A Stage At Which: It Must Necessarily Collapse.

The Way People Get Their Living Determines Their Social Outlook.

A Spider Conducts Operations That Resemble Those Of A Weaver, And A Bee Puts To Shame Many An Architect In The Construction Of Her Cells. But What Distinguishes The Worst Architect From The Best Of Bees Is This, That The Architect Raises His Structure In Imagination Before He Erects It In Reality.

Nature Is Man's Inorganic Body -- That Is To Say, Nature Insofar As It Is Not The Human Body. Man Lives From Nature -- I.e., Nature Is His Body -- And He Must Maintain A Continuing Dialogue With It Is He Is Not To Die. To Say That Man's Physical And Mental Life Is Linked To Nature Simply Means That Nature Is Linked To Itself, For Man Is A Part Of Nature.

In The United States Of North America, Every Independent Movement Of The Workers Was Paralysed So Long As Slavery Disfigured A Part Of The Republic. Labour Cannot Emancipate Itself In The White Skin Where In The Black It Is Branded.

Do Not Be Deluded By The Abstract Word Freedom. Whose Freedom? Not The Freedom Of One Individual In Relation To Another, But Freedom Of Capital To Crush The Worker.

The Communists Have No Need To Introduce Free Love; It Has Existed Almost From Time Immemorial.

An Object Of Art Creates A Public Capable Of Finding Pleasure In Its Beauty. Production, Therefore, Not Only Produces An Object For The Subject, But Also A Subject For The Object.

An Organised System Of Machines, To Which Motion Is Communicated By The Transmitting Mechanism From A Central Automation, Is The Most Developed Form Of Production By Machinery.

Be Aware That The Reward For Labour, And Quantity Of Labour, Are Quite Disparate Things.

Communism Deprives No Man Of The Ability To Appropriate The Fruits Of His Labour. The Only Thing It Deprives Him Of Is The Ability To Enslave Others By Means Of Such Appropriations.

History Calls Those Men The Greatest Who Have Ennobled Themselves By Working For The Common Good; Experience Acclaims As Happiest The Man Who Has Made The Greatest Number Of People Happy.

The Materialist Doctrine That Men Are Products Of Circumstances And Upbringing, And That, Therefore, Changed Men Are Products Of Other Circumstances And Changed Upbrinding, Forgets That It Is Men That Change Circumstances And That The Educator Himself Needs Educating.

Men's Ideas Are The Most Direct Emanations Of Their Material State.

The Alienation Of Man Thus Appeared As The Fundamental Evil Of Capitalist Society.

Keep People From Their History, And They Are Easily Controlled.

The Working Men Have No Country. We Cannot Take Away From Them What They Have Not Got

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