Japan Had A More Radical Experience Of Future Shock Than Any Other Nation In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries. They Were This Feudal Place, Locked In The Past, But Then They Bought The Whole Industrial Revolution Kit From England, Blew Their Cultural Brains Out With It, Became The First Industrialized Asian Nation, Tried To Take Over Their Side Of The World, Got Nuked By The United States For Their Trouble, And Discovered Steve Mcqueen! Their Take On Iconic Menswear Emerges From That Matrix.

-William Gibson

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Japan Had A More

William Gibson

Topic

Past

Japan

Brain

More From William Gibson

Damien Is A Friend. Their Boy-girl Lego Doesn't Click, He Would Say.

Girl

Boys

Legos

The Experience Of Celebrity Is Gradually Being Democratized.

The Future's Here Already. It's Just Unevenly Distributed.

Thrive

Friday, August 04, 2006 Monument Posted 8:31 Am Silver Nitrous Girls Pointed Into Occult Winds Of Porn And Destiny.

Girl

Friday

Destiny

Magazines In The Traditional Sense Were Aggregators Of Novelty. A Good Magazine Was A Lot Of Novelty, Stuff You've Never Heard Of Before, Clearly Aggregated By People Who Have Been Able To Travel Further And Dig Deeper Than You Have Been Able To Do. And That Used To Be Really An Important Source Of Stuff For Me. And Now It Is Less Important Because The Internet Has Eaten It All Up. But My Twitter Feed As An Aggregator Of Novelty Is Like... I Don't Know What I Would Do If It Became Any More Powerful, I Would Have To Start Reining It In Somehow.

Powerful

People

Important

I Knew Where The Magnets Were, Behind The Gyprock, And The Magnets Were Very Powerful. I Think They Had To Be Powerful For Me, Otherwise The Reader Wouldn't Have A Reciprocal Experience. But I Was Very Careful To Bury Them Deeply, Deeply In The Plaster And Paint Over Them. I Didn't Want Anybody To Directly Access Them, And That's Gradually Changed For Me.

Powerful

Thinking

Want

We Have No Future Because Our Present Is Too Volatile. We Have Only Risk Management. The Spinning Of The Given Moment's Scenarios. Pattern Recognition.

Life

Risk

Patterns

We Don't Legislate Emergent Technologies Into Existence. We Almost Never Do. They Just Emerge, Dragged Forth By Adam Smith's Invisible Hand. Then We Have To See What People Are Actually Going To Do With Them, And Try To Legislate To Take Account Of That.

Technology

Hands

Invisible Hand

Lost, So Small Amid That Dark, Hands Grown Cold, Body Image Fading Down Corridors Of Television Sky.

Dark

Hands

Sky

I Don't Think Of Myself As Being Particulary A Subversive Writer, But I Like To Think That My Work Could Afford Someone Else, The Extra Degree Of Freedom That I Found When I First Found Science Fiction.

Thinking

Degrees

Fiction

Cyberspace Is Colonising What We Used To Think Of As The Real World. I Think That Our Grandchildren Will Probably Regard The Distinction We Make Between What We Call The Real World And What They Think Of As Simply The World As The Quaintest And Most Incomprehensible Thing About Us.

Real

Thinking

Grandchildren

I Was Travelling With Bruce Sterling On Our Mutual Difference Engine Tour And He Became Aware From The Experience Of Travelling With Me That I Would Distinguish Among The Shoes In A Perfectly Normal Fashion, But Form Him It Was A Revelation. There's A Very Lyrical Passage In Holy Fire About Old Wealthy European Men And Their Shoes, And How Beautiful Their Shoes Are, And How There Have Never Been Shoes As Beautiful. I Think That That Was Probably As Close As Bruce Will Ever Get To Homage In My Direction. I Made Him Aware Of Footwear Fashion.

Beautiful

Fashion

Men

A Snappy Label And A Manifesto Would Have Been Two Of The Very Last Things On My Own Career Want List. That Label Enabled Mainstream Science Fiction To Safely Assimilate Our Dissident Influence, Such As It Was. Cyberpunk Could Then Be Embraced And Given Prizes And Patted On The Head, And Genre Science Fiction Could Continue Unchanged.

Careers

Two

Labels

All We Really Have When We Pretend To Write About The Future Is The Moment In Which We Are Writing. That's Why Every Imagined Future Obsoletes Like An Ice Cream Melting On The Way Back From The Corner Store.

Writing

Ice Cream

Melting

'cyberspace' As A Term Is Sort Of Over. It's Over In The Way That, After A Certain Time, People Stopped Using The Suffix '-electro' To Make Things Cool, Because Everything Was Electrical. 'electro' Was All Over The Early 20th Century, And Now It's Gone. I Think 'cyber' Is Sort Of The Same Way.

Thinking

People

Way

All My Life I've Encountered People Who Were Obsessed With One Particular Class Of Object Or Experience, Who Were Constantly Pursuing That Thing. Since I Was A Little Kid, I Hadn't Afforded Myself The Opportunity, I Guess, To Have A Hobby.

Kids

Opportunity

Class

I'm Not The Only One: Witness Pokemon! They Still Keep Coming Up With This Stuff That Just Rivets Us In Unexpected Areas.

Pokemon

Stuff

Unexpected

"cyberspace Is Everting." It's Interpenetrating Our Everyday Reality To The Point That On-line Is Our Normal Waking State.

Reality

Entrepreneur

Everyday

There Is Always A Point At Which The Terrorist Ceases To Manipulate The Media Gestalt. A Point At Which The Violence May Well Escalate, But Beyond Which The Terrorist Has Become Symptomatic Of The Media Gestalt Itself. Terrorism As We Ordinarily Understand It Is Innately Media-related.

Media

Gestalt

May

I Can See Television Much More Easily Than I Can See Features, Because The Economy And Politics Of Making Big, Big Features Seems To Me To Be Narrowing Even From What It Was.

Television

Economy

Bigs

The Deadliest Bullshit Is Odorless, And Transparent.

Bullshit

Internet

Free Speech

Naps Are Essential To My Process. Not Dreams, But That State Adjacent To Sleep, The Mind On Waking.

Dream

Sleep

Naps

I Assume That - Because You Can Get Degrees In Journalism From Very Reputable Universities - I Assume That People Can Be Trained To Be Journalists. I've Never Been Entirely Certain That Anyone Can Be Trained To Be A Novelist In The Same Way.

People

Way

Novelists

A Book Exists At The Intersection Of The Author's Subconscious And The Reader's Response.

Book

Subconscious

Reader

One Of The Liberating Effects Of Science Fiction When I Was A Teenager Was Precisely Its Ability To Tune Me Into All Sorts Of Strange Data And Make Me Realize That I Wasn’t As Totally Isolated In Perceiving The World As Being Monstrous And Crazy

Crazy

Teenager

Data

Why Shouldn't We Give Our Teachers A License To Obtain Software, All Software, Any Software, For Nothing? Does Anyone Demand A Licensing Fee, Each Time A Child Is Taught The Alphabet?

Inspirational

Motivational

Education

I Guess Twitter Is The First Thing That Has Been Attractive To Me As Social Media. I Never Felt The Least Draw To Facebook Or Myspace. I've Been Involved Anonymously In Some Tiny Listservs, Mainly In My Ceaseless Quest For Random Novelty, And Sometimes While Doing Something That More Closely Resembles Research.

Media

Quests

Tiny

I Think That Technologies Are Morally Neutral Until We Apply Them. It's Only When We Use Them For Good Or For Evil That They Become Good Or Evil.

Military

War

Technology

The Street Finds Its Own Uses For Things.

Use

Streets

Cyberpunk

I Think Science Fiction Gives Us A Wonderful Toolkit To Disassemble And Reexamine This Kind Of Incomprehensible, Constantly Changing Present That We Live In, That We Often Live In Quite Uncomfortably.

Thinking

Giving

Fiction

My Problem Is That All Things Are Increasingly Interesting To Me

Interesting

Problem

All Things

Occasionally If I Look Back At Something I've Written I'll Find One Of Those That I Don't Understand, But That's A Bad Thing - The Unconscious Has Dealt Me A Bad Hand.

Hands

Looks

Unconscious

The Box Was A Universe, A Poem, Frozen On The Boundaries Of Human Experience.

Frozen

Boundaries

Boxes

I Only Go To Japan When There's Someone Who Can Afford To Bring Me There, And Consequently I May Never Go Again!

Japan

May

Dreaming In Public Is An Important Part Of Our Job Description.

Dream

Jobs

Writing

Art Deco For Me Except In Its Most Crazed And Attenuated Forms, It's Jut A Matter Of Taste.

Art

Matter

Taste

You Must Learn To Overcome Your Very Natural And Appropriate Revulsion For Your Own Work.

Writing

Overcoming

Natural

All The Speed He Took, All The Turns He'd Taken And The Corners He'd Cut In Night City, And Still He'd See The Matrix In His Sleep, Bright Lattices Of Logic Unfolding Across That Colorless Void.

Taken

Sleep

Cutting

He Took A Duck In The Face At 250 Knots.

Ducks

Faces

Knots

There Must Be Some Tommy Hilfiger Event Horizon, Beyond Which It Is Impossible To Be More Derivative, More Removed From The Source, More Devoid Of Soul.

Soul

Events

Horizon

And, For An Instant, She Stared Directly Into Those Soft Blue Eyes And Knew, With An Instinctive Mammalian Certainty, That The Exceedingly Rich Were No Longer Even Remotely Human.

Money

Eye

Blue

[when] Johnny Mnemonic Was Coming Out And I Realized That All The Kids That Worked In 7-11 Knew More - Or Thought They Knew More - About Feature Film Production Than I Did. And That Was From Reading Premiere, That Was From This Change That Came From Magazines That Treat Their Readers As Players. Magazines That Purport To Sell You The Inside Experience.

Reading

Kids

Player

For Years I Have Been Mourning And Not For My Dead, It Is For This Boy For Whatever Corner In My Heart Died When His Childhood Slid Out Of My Arms.

Heart

Boys

Years

I Think The Least Important Thing About Science Fiction For Me Is Its Predictive Capacity.

Thinking

Important

Fiction

If You Make Something, It's An Artifact. It's Something That Somebody Or Some Corporate Entity Has Caused To Come Into Being. A Great Many Human Beings Have Thought About Each Of The Artifacts That Surround Us. Different Degrees Of Intelligence And Attention Have Been Brought To Bear On Anything.

Bears

Degrees

Different

Maybe I've Been A Small Part Of The Democratisation Of Celebrity, Because I've Been Fascinated By It, And When It Started To Happen To Me To The Very Limited Extent That It Happens To Writers In North America, I Was Exposed To People Who Had The Disease Of Celebrity. People Who Had Raging, Raging, Life-threatening Celebrity, People Who Would Be In Danger If They Were Left Alone On The Street Without Their Minders. It's A Great Anthropological Privilege To Be There.

America

People

Would Be

Tim Powers Is A Brilliant Writer.

Brilliant

Genuinely Ubiquitous Computing Spreads Like Warm Vaseline.

Vaseline

Spread

Computing

I've Become Convinced That Nostalgia Is A Fundamentally Unhealthy Modality. When You See It, It's Usually Attached To Something Else That's Really, Seriously Bad. I Don't Traffic In Nostalgia. We're Becoming A Global Culture.

Culture

Becoming

Nostalgia

I Had A List Of Things That Science Fiction, Particularly American Science Fiction, To Me Seemed To Do With Tedious Regularity. One Was To Not Have Strong Female Protagonists. One Was To Envision The Future, Whatever It Was, As America.

Strong

America

Lists

I Think That One Of The Visions That Is Closest To Reality Is The Cardboard City In The Subway Station In Tokyo, Which Is Based Very Closely On A Series Of Documentary Photographs Of People Living Like That And Of The Contents Of The Boxes. Those Are Quite Haunting Because Tokyo Homeless People Reiterate The Whole Nature Of Living In Tokyo In These Cardboard Boxes, They're Only Slightly Smaller Than Tokyo Apartments, And They Have Almost As Many Consumer Goods. It's A Nightmare Of Boxes Within Boxes.

Reality

Thinking

Cities

A Nation,” He Heard Himself Say, “consists Of Its Laws. A Nation Does Not Consist Of Its Situation At A Given Time. If An Individual’s Morals Are Situational, That Individual Is Without Morals. If A Nation’s Laws Are Situational, That Nation Has No Laws, And Soon Isn’t A Nation.

Law

Doe

Moral

Futurists Get To A Certain Age And, As One Does, They Suddenly Recognize Their Own Mortality.

Age

Doe

Mortality

Twitter Is The Only Brand Of Social Media That I Have Ever Taken To At All. I Like The Feeling Of Having My Perception Of The World Expanded Daily, 24/7, By Being Able To Monitor The Reactions Of 100-and-some People Throughout The World That I Personally Follow So I Have Some Sense Of Who They Are. There Has Never Really Been Anything Like That Before, At Least In Terms Of The Digestible 140-character Bandwidth That Twitter Is Based On. I Am Able To Wake Up, Open Twitter, And Sort Of Glance Across The Psychic State Of The Planet.

Taken

People

Feelings

I Have This Prejudice That Trilogies Are Long, Three-volume Novels.

Long

Prejudice

Three

If I Meet Someone And Discover That They're An Absolute, Very Earnest Nationalist, It's Unlikely That I'm Going To Get Much Closer To Them. I Don't Understand Them. It Doesn't Matter Where They're From, I Just Don't Get It. I'm A Multi-national Kind Of Guy.

Guy

Matter

Kind

Time Is Money, But Also Money Is Money.

Time Is Money

Five Hours' New York Jet Lag And Cayce Pollard Wakes In Camden Town To The Dire And Ever-circling Wolves Of Disrupted Circadian Rhythm.

New York

Lag

Towns

I'm Quite Good Friends With The Putative Director, Vincenzo Natali, And I'm A Big Fan Of His Work, But Beyond That, I Don't Like To Talk About Other People's Work Work-in-progress.

Good Friend

People

Progress

I'm Often Saddened And Dismayed To See Myself Portrayed As Either A Luddite Or As A Raving Technophile. I've Always Thought That My Job Was To Be As Anthropologically Neutral About Emerging Technologies As Possible.

Jobs

Technology

Saddened

Enlightenment Is "being," And It Grows; It's End Is Serenity.

Serenity

Enlightenment

Ends

I'm Very Primitive In Terms Of Economics. The Kind Of New Business In Which Stock Gets More Valuable Because The Company Grows, But There Must Be Limits To Growth. But If Publishing Is Expanding To Fill That Retail Space, It Seems Like There May Be A Necessary And Unpleasant Correction Waiting Down The Road. How Many Books To People Want?

Book

Space

People

If Someone Comes In And Says, "what Are You Doing," If I'm Honest, The Answer Is, "i Don't Know. But I'm Doing This, Don't Know Why."

She Knows, Now, Absolutely, Hearing The White Noise That Is London, That Damien's Theory Of Jet Lag Is Correct: That Her Mortal Soul Is Leagues Behind Her, Being Reeled In On Some Ghostly Umbilical Down The Vanished Wake Of The Plane That Brought Her Here, Hundreds Of Thousands Of Feet Above The Atlantic. Souls Can't Move That Quickly, And Are Left Behind, And Must Be Awaited, Upon Arrival, Like Lost Luggage.

Moving

White

Feet

The Designers [of The 1930s] Were Populists, You See; They Were Trying To Give The Public What It Wanted. What The Public Wanted Was The Future.

Giving

Trying

Architecture

I've Gone To Big Stadium Rock Concerts At Some Artist's Invitation, And There's This Invariable, Fascinating And Rather Sad Situation Of Concentric Circles Of Availability. There Are Green Rooms Within Green Rooms Literally Within Green Rooms. There Are Seven Or Eight Degrees Of Exclusivity, And Within Each Circle Of Exclusivity, Everyone Is So Happy To Be There, And They Don't Know That The Next Level Exists.

Artist

Eight

Rocks

Dreaming In Public Is An Important Part Of Our Job Description, As Science Writers, But There Are Bad Dreams As Well As Good Dreams. We're Dreamers, You See, But We're Also Realists, Of A Sort.

Dream

Jobs

Work

That's Something That Tends To Happen With New Technologies Generally: The Most Interesting Applications Turn Up On A Battlefield, Or In A Gallery.

Technology

Interesting

Gallery

I Feel Like I've Been Very Fortunate In That I've Stuck Like A Burr To The Dog-leg Of The Next Generation Of Nerdism. I've Been Carried Into The Xxith Century On Bill Gates' Pants-cuff.

Dog

Generations

Cuffs

I'm Interested In People Who Become Culturally Fluent. And When I Meet Young People I'm Often Amazed They Don't Quite Seem To Have A Sense Of Where They're From. They're Like The Citizens Of The Airport.

Airports

People

Citizens

I'm Happiest With People Who've Gotten Furthest From Traditional Ideas Of Nationalism.

Ideas

People

Traditional

To Present A Whole World That Doesn’t Exist And Make It Seem Real, We Have To More Or Less Pretend We’re Polymaths. That’s Just The Act Of All Good Writing.

Real

Writing

World

Three In The Morning. Making Yourself A Cup Of Coffee In The Dark, Using A Flashlight When You Pour The Boiling Water.

Morning

Coffee

Dark

I Would Like To Design What People Generally Call Streetwear. I'd Like To Dress Skateboarders, Or Whatever The Older Equivalent Of Skateboarders Are. I Pay More Attention To That Stuff Than Anyone Would Ever Imagine Because I'm Watching What The Designers Do.

People

Design

Pay

I Don't Think We Know Yet What Broadcast Television Did To Us, Although It Obviously Did Lots. I Don't Think We're Far Enough Away From It Yet To Really Get A Handle On It. We Get These Things, I Think They Start Changing Us Right Away, We Don't Notice We're Changing. Our Perception Of The Whole Thing Shifts, And Then We're In The New Way Of Doing Things, And We Take It For Granted.

Thinking

Perception

Television

If There's A Movie Of Neuromancer, What I Really Want The Special Effects Guys To Do Is Make You See, From Case's Point Of View, The Little Acid Giggies: The Little Lines And Trails Coming Off Of Things.

Art

Views

Guy

I Grew Up In Southwestern Virginia. I Was Born In South Carolina, But Only Because My Parents Had A Vacation Cabin Or Something There On The Beach. I Was Like A Summer Baby. But I Did Grow Up In The South. I Grew Up In Serious, Serious Appalachia, In A Very Small Town.

Summer

Baby

Beach

It Was Hot, The Night We Burned Chrome.

Night

Hot

Chrome

The Street Has Its Own Use For Things.

Use

Streets

I'm Quite Proud Of What I Anticipated About Reality Television From My Books In The Early '90s, Which I Based On The Early Seasons Of 'cops' And On The Amazing Stuff I Had Read About Happening On Japanese Shows And The British 'big Brother'.

Brother

Book

Reality

To The Extent That I Can Still Believe In Bohemia, Which I Think Is Very Important To Me In Some Way That I Don't Yet Really Understand, To The Extent That I Still Believe In That, I Have To Believe That There Are Viable Degrees Of Freedom Inherent If Not Realized In Interstitial Areas.

Believe

Thinking

Important

The Construct Of William Gibson The Writer Is Coming Down, And Become More Open. It's More Of A Glasnost - Transparency! Transparency Is What It Is.

Down And

Transparency

Glasnost

One Of The Things I Have Taken For Granted, In Terms Of How Technology Works In The World, Is The People That Develop It And Get It Out There Don't Really Know What We Are Going To Do With Until We Have Really Gotten Ahold Of It And It Has Become Ubiquitous. And Then We Wind Up Doing Things That Its Inventors Never Dreamed Of And Those Things Become The Real Change Drivers. That Is Actually Where The Whole Technocracy Thing Falls Apart For Me, Because The People Who Invented It Can't Predict What We're Going To Do With It.

Real

Fall

Taken

I Buried Everything Under Layers And Layers And Layers Of Code, But The Signifiers Of My Emotionality Were There, For Me.

Layers

Buried

Code

The Future Has Already Arrived. It's Just Not Evenly Distributed Yet.

Wisdom

Time

Poverty

I Do Not Think An Enormous Permanent Underclass Is A Very Good Thing To Have If You're Attempting To Operate Something That At Least Pretends Sometimes To Be A Democracy.

Thinking

Democracy

Sometimes

If You’re Fifteen Or So, Today, I Suspect That You Inhabit A Sort Of Endless Digital Now, A State Of Atemporality Enabled By Our Increasingly Efficient Communal Prosthetic Memory. I Also Suspect That You Don’t Know It, Because, As Anthropologists Tell Us, One Cannot Know One’s Own Culture.

Memories

Culture

Fifteen

To The Very Limited Extent That I Have A Political Consciousness, To Some Extent I'm A Lazy, Apolitical Sort Of Guy That Just Flits Around.

Political

Guy

Lazy

I Very Seldom Compose Anything In My Head Which Later Finds Its Way Into Text, Except Character Names Sometimes - I'm Often Very Much Inspired By Things That I Misunderstand.

Character

Names

Way

In Effect, I Grew Up In A Sort Of Timewarp, A Place Where Times Are Scrambled Up. There Are Elements Of My Childhood That Look To Me Now, In Memory More Like The 1940s Or The 1950s Than The 1960s. Jack [womack] Says That That Made Us Science Fiction Writers, Because We Grew Up Experiencing A Kind Of Time Travel.

Memories

Childhood

Looks

The Simpson's In Piccadilly Has Been Turned Into The Largest Bookstore In All Of Europe! How Can They Fill It? All Of These Purpose-built Borders And Chapters And Every New Mall That Goes Up Has A Giant Chain Bookstore With A Purpose-built Author Reading Space, Whoah, What's Gong On There.

Reading

Europe

Space

I've Been Through The Whole Western World, And It Seems To Me That There's More Retail Floor Space Devoted To The Sale Of Books Than Food! There's More Retail Floor Space Devoted To The Sale Of Books Than There's Been In The Entire History Of Humanity! It's Grotesque!

Book

Space

Humanity

I Don't Much Live My Life As If I Was Living In A Raymond Chandler Novel, Which Is Probably A Good Thing.

Living My Life

Good Things

Novel

I Don't Have To Write About The Future. For Most People, The Present Is Enough Like The Future To Be Pretty Scary.

Writing

People

Scary

It Doesn't Matter How Fast Your Modem Is If You're Being Shelled By Ethnic Separatists.

Statistics

Matter

Ifs

Things Aren't Different. Things Are Things.

Life

Different

Different Things

He'd Been Numb A Long Time, Years. All His Nights Down Ninsei, His Nights With Linda, Numb In Bed And Numb At The Cold Sweating Center Of Every Drug Deal. But Now He'd Found This Warm Thing, This Chip Of Murder. Meat, Some Part Of Him Said. It's The Meat Talking, Ignore It.

Night

Numbness

Talking

His Eyes Were Eggs Of Unstable Crystal, Vibrating With A Frequency Whose Name Was Rain And The Sound Of Trains, Suddenly Sprouting A Humming Forest Of Hair-fine Glass Spines.

Rain

Eye

Glasses

Addictions [...] Started Out Like Magical Pets, Pocket Monsters. They Did Extraordinary Tricks, Showed You Things You Hadn't Seen, Were Fun. But Came, Through Some Gradual Dire Alchemy, To Make Decisions For You. Eventually, They Were Making Your Most Crucial Life-decisions. And They Were [...] Less Intelligent Than Goldfish.

Fun

Intelligent

Addiction

As A Writer Of Fiction Who Deals With Technology, I Necessarily Deal With The History Of Technology And The History Of Technologically Induced Social Change. I Roam Up And Down It In A Kind Of Special Way Because I Roam Down It Into History, Which Is Invariably Itself A Speculative Affair.

Technology

Special

Fiction

Gadgets Are Usually The Last Thing I Think About, And If There's Something New, I'll Get To The Store For The Final Shipment Of The First Generation When It's On Sale. So I Have Last Year's Stuff.

Thinking

Years

Stuff

The Future Is Here - It Just Has Not Been Uniformly Distributed.

When You Want To Know How Things Really Work, Study Them When They're Coming Apart.

Engineering

Design

Want

The Future Is There... Looking Back At Us. Trying To Make Sense Of The Fiction We Will Have Become.

Trying

Fiction

Make Sense

I'm Embarrassed If I Think Anyone Knows Exactly What I Paid For Something, Or Even Where I Got It. I Want What I'm Wearing To Feel Good On, Wear Well, And To Be Extremely Functional.

Thinking

Feel Good

Want

People Who Feel Safer With A Gun Than With Guaranteed Medical Insurance Don't Yet Have A Fully Adult Concept Of Scary.

Gun

People

Scary

For Me, The Melancholy Of The Late Xxth Century Is Walking Late At Night By The Mont Blanc Pen Store And Seeing These Things Always Strike Me As Simulacra Of Luxury Items. They Seem Like Fakes.

It's An American Thing, But It's Particularly A Southern Thing, And Its Romanticization Is Hyper-southern. And It's Still Irresistible To Me, Even In Middle Age. There's Something That Pulls Me To That, But At The Same Time, I Have This Increasing Awareness Of How Banal It Really Is - That Evil Is Inherently Banal.

Evil

Southern

Age

If I Were In Severely Straitened Socio-economic Circumstances And Had To Move To The U.s., I'd Probably Opt For Athens, Ga, Or Lawrence, Ks. As Boho Guys Usually Do, Live Cheap In The Left Bank Of Kansas.

Moving

Kansas

Guy

I Can't Do Fiction Unless I Visualize What's Going On. When I Began To Write Science Fiction, One Of The Things I Found Lacking In It Was Visual Specificity. It Seemed There Was A Lot Of Lazy Imagining, A Lot Of Shorthand.

Writing

Lazy

Fiction

I Started Writing Short Fiction Very Briefly, As I Imagine Is The Case For Some Novelists.

Writing

Novelists

Fiction

You Could Have Sex Relatively Comfortably On A Platform Of Books, But Not On A Platform Of Pda.s. Hardcover Books. Paperbacks Might Start Sliding Around. Though I.d Still Prefer Paperbacks To A Pile Of Pda.s.

Sex

Book

Pda

If Ignorance Were Enough To Make Things Not Exist, The World Would Be More Like A Lot Of People Think It Is. But It's Not. And It's Not.

Ignorance

Thinking

People

I Can't Imagine Writing A Book Without Some Strong Female Characters, Unless That Was A Demand Of The Setting.

Strong

Book

Writing

Secrets...are The Very Root Of Cool.

Roots

Secret

You Needed A New Pancreas. The One We Bought For You Frees You From A Dangerous Dependency.” “thanks, But I Was Enjoying That Dependency.

Thanks

Pancreas

Enjoy

I Don't Always Like Writing, But I Very Much Like Having Written.

Writing

Written

Language Is To The Mind More Than Light Is To The Eye.

Eye

Light

Mind

A Graphic Representation Of Data Abstracted From The Banks Of Every Computer In The Human System. Unthinkable Complexity. Lines Of Light Ranged In The Nonspace Of The Mind, Clusters And Constellations Of Data. Like City Lights, Receding.

Light

Data

Cities

The Internet Is Part Of This Ongoing, Species-long Project We've Been Working On Since We Climbed Down Out Of The Trees In The Savanna. We've Been Working On It Without Really Knowing It.

Knowing

Long

Tree

She Walked On, Comforted By The Surf, By The One Perpetual Moment Of Beach-time, The Now-and-always Of It.

Beach

Surf

Moments

The Culture Is Still There, And People Are Still Doing It. I Imagine Some People Are Doing It Very Well Indeed. As For Me, It Definitely Was My Native Literary Culture. Science Fiction Was Where I'm From, But On The Way To Now, I Went Through A Lot Of Other Territory, And I Wasn't Really That Culturally Conventional An Sf Writer When I Started.

People

Way

Culture

Our Hardware Is Likely To Turn Into Something Like Us A Lot Faster Than We Are Likely To Turn Into Something Like Our Hardware...i Very Much Doubt That Our Grandchildren Will Understand The Distinction Between That Which Is A Computer And That Which Isn't.

Grandchildren

Doubt

Computer

I Was Once Really Close To Sitting Down And Having A Conversation With A Shadowy Young Woman Who Is Reputed Have Become A Millionaire By Investing In Beanie Babies. She Was Someone That A Couple People Claimed To Know, She Seemed To Exist, But She Remained Shadowy.

Baby

Couple

People

I Realized That Everyone In Western Society, In Some Weird Way, Believes That They've Had The Experience Of Producing Feature Films.

Believe

Way

Film

We're Living In A Future That's Weirder Than Anybody Except Possibly.

When I Was A Child, Science Fiction Was The First Source I've Found For Information. Science Fiction Was A Very Very Low Cultural Stream In Those Days. It Was Completly Below The Radar And No One Bothered To Censurate It.

Children

Fiction

Information

To Some Extent I'm Guilty Of Wishful Thinking. The Absence Of The Interstitial I Find Unbearable.

Thinking

Unbearable

Guilty

Some People Dote On Contemplating Disasters.

People

Apocalypse

Disaster

Some Very Considerable Part Of The Gestural Language Of Public Places That Had Once Belonged To Cigarettes Now Belonged To Phones.

Phones

Language

Cigarette

[the Currency Of Being Celebrity] Used To Be Only The Elect Had Any Manna In The Information Society And Everyone Else Was A Consumer.

Information

Currency

Used

There's Violence In My Culture [from America's South].

America

Culture

Violence

I Was Afraid To Watch 'blade Runner' In The Theater Because I Was Afraid The Movie Would Be Better Than What I Myself Had Been Able To Imagine. In A Way, I Was Right To Be Afraid, Because Even The First Few Minutes Were Better.

Blade Runner

Able

Way

I Think That I've Always Written About Things That Are Very Personal, But Initially, I Coded Everything. I Buried Everything Under Layers And Layers And Layers Of Code, But The Signifiers Of My Emotionality Were There For Me. I Knew Where The Magnets Were, Behind The Gyprock, And The Magnets Were Very Powerful. I Think They Had To Be Powerful For Me, Otherwise The Reader Wouldn't Have A Reciprocal Experience.

Powerful

Thinking

Layers

I've Always Been Interested In People Who Aren't From Anywhere In Particular. I Think It's All Melting. This Has Been True For As Long As I Can Remember In My Adult Life.

Thinking

Long

People

You Know What Your Trouble Is? You're The Kind Who Always Reads The Handbook. Anything People Build, Any Kind Of Technology, It's Going To Have Some Specific Purpose. It's For Doing Something That Somebody Already Understands. But If It's New Technology, It'll Open Areas Nobody's Ever Thought Of Before. You Read The Manual, Man, And You Won't Play Around With It, Not The Same Way. And You Get All Funny When Somebody Else Uses It To Do Something You Never Thought Of.

Technology

Men

Play

I Probably Had Something To Do With Being Southern. For Some Reason, Over The Last Few Years I've Been Much More Conscious Of That. It's Probably Because My Friend Jack Womack Has A Thesis That He And I Write The Way We Do Because We're Southern And We Experienced The Very Tail End Of The Premeditated South.

Writing

Years

Southern

I Find It Interesting To See People - Mostly People Who Are Younger Than I Am - Going To Considerable Trouble To Try To Reproduce Things From An Era That Was Far More Physical, From A Less Virtual Day. That Fascinates Me, Because It Seems To Be Symbolic Of Something Going On In The Culture Itself, And I Also Have A Sort Of Innate Admiration For The Stubbornness It Requires To Actually Make Those Things Physically. It's Become Incredibly Difficult. In North America, We've Largely Forgotten How To Do It.

America

Interesting

People

All I Knew About The Word Cyberspace When I Coined It, Was That It Seemed Like An Effective Buzzword. It Seemed Evocative And Essentially Meaningless. It Was Suggestive Of Something, But Had No Real Semantic Meaning, Even For Me, As I Saw It Emerge On The Page.

Real

Cyberspace

Pages

When I Come To A New City Is I Combine: I Say, Well, It's Like Barcelona And Edinburgh, Though I Can't Imagine What That Would Be. But Toronto, The Last Few Times I've Been Here, What Always Comes Up Is Chicago And West Berlin. It's A Big, Sprawling City Beside A Lake, Of A Certain Age And A Certain Architectural Complexity. But The High-end Retail Core Looks More Like West Germany Than The Magnificent Mile. Yonge Street Is Like K-damm. There's An Excess Of Surface Marble And Bronze: It's Germanic And As Pretentious As Pretentious Can Be.

Lakes

West Germany

Cities

Personally I Like To Imagine Something The Size Of A Baby Hippo, The Color Of A Week-old Boiled Potato, That Lives By Itself, In The Dark, In A Double-wide On The Outskirts Of Topeka. It's Covered With Eyes And It Sweats Constantly. The Sweat Runs Into Those Eyes And Makes Them Sting. It Has No Mouth, No Genitals, And Can Only Express Its Mute Extremes Of Murderous Rage And Infantile Desire By Changing The Channels On A Universal Remote. Or By Voting In Presidential Elections.

Running

Baby

Eye

When Did It Become Necessary To Explain What's So Cool About Japan? Everyone Was Quite Obsessed With It 15 Years Ago. I Suppose It's The Only Asian Country That Developed An Imaginary Entree To Me. That's Why I Go Back.

Country

Japan

Years

I Watch For Emergent Technologies And Pay Attention To What People Say They'll Be Good For, Then See What We Actually Use Them For. It Never Occurred To Me That A Tiny Telephone With A Wireless Transceiver Would Do Whatever It Is That It's Done To Us.

Technology

People

Done

I Can't Imagine Writing A Book Without Some Strong Female Characters, Unless That Was A Demand Of The Setting. I Actually Tend To Suspect That In Real Life, There Have Always Been Very Strong Female Characters, But At Certain Stages Of Society, They've Been Asked To Cool It.

Strong

Real

Book

A Part Of That [timewrap] For Me Was Growing Up In A Culture That Violence Had Always Been A Part Of. It Wasn't An Aberration, Though I Realize That In Retrospect. I Grew Up In The Part Of The U.s. Where All Of Cormac Mccarthy's Novels Are Set And That's A Pretty Violent Place.

Growing Up

Culture

Aberration

It Had Also Been My Belief Since I Started Writing Fiction That Science Fiction Is Never Really About The Future. When Science Fiction Is Old, You Can Only Read It As Being Pretty Much About The Moment In Which It Was Written. But It Seemed To Me That The Toolkit That Science Fiction Had Given Me When I Started Working Had Become The Toolkit Of A Kind Of Literary Naturalism That Could Be Applied To An Inherently Incredible Present.

Writing

Belief

Kind

The Future Is Already Upon Us, It Is Just Unevenly Distributed.

Change

The Written Word Still Enjoyed A Certain Prestige Here. It Was A Sluggish Country.

Country

Automation

Prestige

The Future Is Not Google-able.

Google

Able

The Prefix Cyber Is Going The Way Of The Prefix Electro.

Way

Cyber

I Don't Generate A Storyline And Then Fill It Out In The Course Of Writing. The Story Actually Generates In The Course Of The Writing. It's One Of The Reasons I've Never Been Comfortable Doing Screenplays, Because In Order To Get The Contract For The Screenplay, You Have To Sit Down And Tell Them What's Going To Happen.

Writing

Order

Down And

I Like The Idea Of People Who've Had Some Success In One Form Secretly Wanting To Be Something Else; I Have Some Of That Myself. I Look For It In Other People Who've Established Themselves In Some Particular Art Form, And Then You Find Out That They Really Would Like To Design Running Shoes, Or Edit Literary Magazines Or Something.

Running

Art

Shoes

I Watch A Sort Of Primitive Form Of The Recommodification Machine Around My Friends And Myself In Sixties, And It Took About Two Years For This Clumsy Mechanism To Get And Try To Sell Us The Monkees. In 1977, It Took About Eight Months For A Slightly Faster More Refined Mechanism To Put Punk In The Window Of Holt Renfrew. It's Gotten Faster Ever Since. The Scene In Seattle That Nirvana Came From: As Soon As It Had A Label, It Was On The Runways Of Paris.there's No Grace Period, So That's A Way In Which I See Us Losing The Interstitial.

Eight

Years

Two

I've Been Interested In Autism Since I've Known About It, Which Is More Or Less Since I've Been Writing.

Writing

Autism

Known

Somewhere, Deep Within Her, Surfaces A Tiny Clockwork Submarine. There Are Times When You Can Only Take The Next Step. And Then Another.

Next Steps

Submarines

Tiny

I'm A Reluctant Writer Of Non-fiction, In Part Because I Don't Really Feel Qualified.

Fiction

Feels

Qualified

This Perpetual Toggling Between Nothing Being New, Under The Sun, And Everything Having Very Recently Changed, Absolutely, Is Perhaps The Central Driving Tension Of My Work.

Sun

Driving

Changed

I Took Punk To Be The Detonation Of Some Slow-fused Projectile Buried Deep In Society's Flank A Decade Earlier, And I Took It To Be, Somehow, A Sign.

Punk

Buried

Projectile

Fiction Is An Illusion Wrought With Many Small, Conventionally Symbolic Marks, Triggering Visions In The Minds Of Others

Mind

Vision

Fiction

We Are That Strange Species That Constructs Artifacts Intended To Counter The Natural Flow Of Forgetting.

Flow

Strange

Forget

Upon Arriving In The Capital-f Future, We Discover It, Invariably, To Be The Lower-case Now.

Arriving

Cases

I Think That I've Always Written About Things That Are Very Personal, But Initially, I Coded Everything.

Thinking

Written

I Worry About What We'll Do In The Future, [about The Instantaneous Co-opting Of Pop Culture]. Where Is Our New Stuff Going To Come From?

Worry

Stuff

Culture

I Think With One Exception I've Never Changed An Opening Sentence After A Book Was Completed.

Book

Thinking

Changed

I'd Always Maintained That Much Of The Anarchy And Craziness Of The Early Internet Had A Lot To Do With The Fact That Governments Just Hadn't Realised It Was There.

Government

Anarchy

Facts

It Seems As Though Everyone Is Going To The Currency Of Celebrity. Everyone's Getting Their Own Account Of Whatever That Currency Is. That's Something Neat.

Currency

Neat

Accounts

Cyberspace. A Consensual Hallucination.

Cyberspace

Hallucinations

"authenticity" Doesn't Mean Much To Me. I Just Want "good", In The Sense Of Well-designed, Well-constructed, Long-lasting Garments. My Interest In Military Clothing Stems From That. It's Not About Macho, Playing Soldiers, Anything Militaristic. It's The Functionality, The Design-solutions, The Durability. Likewise Workwear.

Military

Mean

Long

I Had A Lot Of Issues With The Genre, And I Probably Even Had Issues With The Whole Idea Of Genre. I Was Coming Into It With A Certain Degree Of Outsider Attitude, And I Didn't Have A Long-term Plan. But I Think The Way It's Worked Out, It's Sort Of Warped Into What I Suppose You Could Say Is My Own Genre. If People Like My Books, They Have Some Idea Of What The Next One Will Be Like.

Attitude

Book

Thinking

My Dream Scenario Would Be That You Could Go Into A Bookshop, Examine Copies Of Every Book In Print That They're Able To Offer, Then For A Fee Have Them Produce In A Minute Or Two A Beautiful Finished Copy In A Dust Jacket That You Would Pay For And Take Home.

Beautiful

Dream

Book

Laney Had Recently Noticed That The Only People Who Had Titles That Clearly Described Their Jobs Had Jobs He Wouldn't Have Wanted.

Jobs

People

Titles

When I Start Writing A New Imaginary Future, I Have No Idea What It Is. The Characters Arrive First. They Help Me Figure Out Where They Are Living And I Get To Fill In The Gaps With That And Where We Are. So When I Get To The End Of The Process Of Composition, If I Feel That I Have Really Done My Job, I Have No Idea What I've Got - And I Then Spend Essentially The Rest Of My Life Figuring Out What It Might Mean.

Writing

Character

Mean

I Like Living In Vancouver .it's More A Matter Of Being A Vancouver Loyalist. Harking Back To What I Said About Growing Up With The Inherent Violence In The Southern U.s., I'm Deeply Enamoured Of, And Entirely Used To Living In A Society With Gun Laws Akin To Those Of A Scandinavian Social Democracy .it's A Good Thing.

Growing Up

Gun

Law

Cyberspace Is Where You Are When You're On The Telephone.

Cyberspace

Telephones

Where You Are

Cyberspace. A Consensual Hallucination Experienced Daily By Billions Of Legitimate Operators, In Every Nation, By Children Being Taught Mathematical Concepts.

Children

Technology

Cyberspace

When I Began To Write Fiction That I Knew Would Be Published As Science Fiction, [and] Part Of What I Brought To It Was The Critical Knowledge That Science Fiction Was Always About The Period In Which It Was Written.

Writing

Would Be

Fiction

The Most Common Human Act That Writing A Novel Resembles Is Lying. The Working Novelist Lies Daily, Very Complexly, And At Great Length.

Lying

Writing

Vanity

Every Shop In Every High Street In Europe Is Filled With Basically The Same Stuff. There's A Street In Every City Of The World That Has A Gap And Benneton's, And The Upscale Versions Of Those.

Europe

Cities

World

Home. Home Was Bama, The Sprawl, The Boston-atlanta Metropolitan Axis. Program A Map To Display Frequency Of Data Exchange, Every Thousand Megabytes A Single Pixel On A Very Large Screen. Manhattan And Atlanta Burn Solid White. Then They Start To Pulse, The Rate Of Traffic Threatening To Overload Your Simulation. Your Map Is About To Go Nova. Cool It Down. Up Your Scale. Each Pixel A Million Megabytes. At A Hundred Million Megabytes Per Second, You Begin To Make Out Certain Blocks In Midtown Manhattan, Outlines Of Hundred-year-old Industrial Parks Ringing The Old Core Of Atlanta.

Block

Home

White

I Think That The Collectible Ephemera Craze/awareness Is Probably Driven By A Reverse Market, Rebounding Off The Sense Of Everything Being Mass-produced. It's The Last Step You Take In Trying To Find Something Unique.

Unique

Thinking

Trying

I Have Always Been Intensely Uncomfortable With The Idea Of A Science Fiction Writer As Prophet. Not That There Haven't Been Science Fiction Writers Who Think Of Themselves As Having Some Sort Of Prophetic Role, But When I Think Of That, I Always Think Of H.g. Wells - He Would Think Of What Was Going To Happen, And He Would Imagine How It Would Happen, And Then He Would Create A Fiction To Illustrate The Idea That He'd Had. And No Part Of My Process Has Ever Resembled That At All.

Thinking

Imagine

Science Fiction

You Can Get In A Cab In Vancouver And The 20-year-old Driver Speaks More Knowingly Of Michael Ovitz Than Anyone In The Industry. They Just Know! And It's Perhaps Not Unhealthy.

Years

Vancouver

Speak

I Think The Large Part Of The Function Of The Internet Is It Is Archival. It's Unreliable To The Extent That Word On The Street Is Unreliable. It's No More Unreliable Than That. You Can Find The Truth On The Street If You Work At It. I Don't Think Of The Internet Or The Virtual As Being Inherently Inferior To The So-called Real.

Real

Thinking

Internet

There's An Idea Called "gray Man", In The Security Business, That I Find Interesting. They Teach People To Dress Unobtrusively. Chinos Instead Of Combat Pants, And If You Really Need The Extra Pockets, A Better Design Conceals Them. They Assume, Actually, That The Bad Guys Will Shoot All The Guys Wearing Combat Pants First, Just To Be Sure.

Men

Ideas

Interesting

What We're Doing Pop Culturally Is Like Burning The Rain Forest. The Biodiversity Of Pop Culture Is Really, Really In Danger.

Rain

Forests

Culture

Movies Have Gotten Dull, The Way Network Television Got Dull. And Television, If We Can Still Even Call It That, Is Still Really Exciting And Riveting And People Are Totally Into It. I Am Always Meeting People Who Have These Favorite Shows That They Are Completely Wired Too And Not Only Have I Never Seen It But I Don't Even Know How To Find It.

People

Exciting

Meetings

When I Was First Writing About Japan, It Was At The Peak Of The Bubble. Bubble Popped, But They Kept On Going. Japanese Street Style Feeds American Iconics Back Into America In Somewhat The Way English Rock Once Fed American Blues Back Into America.

Writing

America

Rocks

The Present Tense Made Him Nervous.

Nervous

Made

Tense

I Suppose I Do The Japanese Because I Just Don't Know China. Chinese Popular Culture Has Never Evoked That Instant Of, "whoah! What's That?" That I Have With Japanese Popular Culture.

Chinese

Culture

China

Sometimes, I Feel Like A Time Traveller, Cause The Only Way That We Can Really Travel In Time Is Just To Get Older.

Way

Causes

Sometimes

Generation X Is Dead. It Has Come To Mean Anyone Aged 13 To 55 Years Old.

Mean

Years

Generations

I'm A Really Good Eavesdropper. I Listen To What People Say And Remember All The Buzzwords.

People

Remember

His Smile Was The Nightmare In My Back Pocket.(speaking About Ronald Reagan)

Pockets

Nightmare

His Smile

The Future Is There," Cayce Hears Herself Say, "looking Back At Us. Trying To Make Sense Of The Fiction We Will Have Become. And From Where They Are, The Past Behind Us Will Look Nothing At All Like The Past We Imagine Behind Us Now.

Past

Trying

Looks

I Don't Think About The Real Future Very Much.

Real

Thinking

The Sky Above The Port Was The Color Of Television, Tuned To A Dead Station.

Color

Sky

Television

There Are Bits Of The Literal Future Right Here, Right Now, If You Know How To Look For Them.

Looks

Right Now

Knows

The Nature Of Emergent Technology Is, As Kevin Kelly Once Said, Right Out Of Control. It's An Element Of Human Evolution That's Completely Out Of Control. It's Sort Of Driving Itself, And I Don't See It Ceasing To Do That.

Technology

Elements

Kevin

Understanding Quotes: Their Essence and Application

Quotes, or quotations, are powerful tools in communication, encapsulating ideas, emotions, and wisdom in concise expressions. They serve various purposes across different contexts, from academic writing to everyday conversation.

1. Defining Quotes

A quote is a repetition of someone else's statement or thoughts. It can be a direct replication of words spoken or written by another individual, often used to support arguments, provide evidence, or convey profound insights.

2. The Importance of Quotes

2.1. Enhancing Credibility

Incorporating quotes from authoritative sources can bolster the credibility of your work. By referencing experts or primary sources, you demonstrate thorough research and a solid foundation for your arguments.

2.2. Providing Evidence

Quotes serve as concrete evidence to support claims. In academic and professional writing, they validate points made, offering readers a basis to trust the information presented.

2.3. Conveying Emotions and Perspectives

Quotes can encapsulate emotions and perspectives succinctly. They allow writers to express complex feelings or viewpoints through the words of others, often more eloquently than paraphrasing.

3. Types of Quotes

3.1. Direct Quotes

Direct quotes involve copying the exact words from a source, enclosed in quotation marks. They are used when the original wording is significant or particularly well-expressed.

3.2. Indirect Quotes (Paraphrasing)

Indirect quotes restate the original message in your own words. While not enclosed in quotation marks, they still require proper attribution to the original source.

3.3. Block Quotes

Block quotes are lengthy direct quotations, formatted as a separate block of text. They are typically used for quotes exceeding a certain length, varying by citation style. For instance, in APA style, quotes longer than 40 words are formatted as block quotes.

4. Proper Usage of Quotes

4.1. Contextual Relevance

Ensure that the quote you choose is relevant to the topic and adds value to your content. Avoid inserting quotes solely for decorative purposes.

4.2. Integration into Your Writing

Seamlessly integrate quotes into your writing. Introduce them appropriately and follow up with analysis or commentary to connect them to your main points.

4.3. Attribution and Citation

Always attribute quotes to their original authors and provide proper citations according to the required style guide (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

5. Common Mistakes to Avoid

5.1. Overusing Quotes

Relying too heavily on quotes can overshadow your voice. Use them sparingly to support your arguments, not replace them.

5.2. Lack of Analysis

Presenting a quote without analysis or explanation can leave readers questioning its relevance. Always follow up with your interpretation or discussion.

5.3. Misquoting or Taking Out of Context

Ensure that quotes are accurate and not taken out of context, as this can mislead readers and undermine your credibility.

6. Quotes in Different Contexts

6.1. Academic Writing

In academic writing, quotes are used to support arguments, provide evidence, and engage with existing literature. Proper citation is crucial to avoid plagiarism.

6.2. Journalism

Journalists use quotes to provide firsthand accounts, add authenticity, and present multiple perspectives within a story.

6.3. Literature and Creative Writing

In literature, quotes can be used to convey character voices, themes, and stylistic elements. They enrich narratives and provide depth to storytelling.

7. Punctuation and Formatting

Understanding the correct punctuation and formatting of quotes is essential:

Quotation Marks: Always enclose direct quotes within quotation marks.

Punctuation Placement: In American English, periods and commas are placed inside quotation marks, while colons and semicolons are placed outside.

Block Quotes: For longer quotes, format them as block quotes without quotation marks, and indent the entire block.

8. Ethical Considerations

Ethical use of quotes involves accurate representation, proper attribution, and respect for intellectual property. Misuse can lead to plagiarism, which carries serious academic and professional consequences.

9. Tools for Managing Quotes

Utilize tools like citation generators and plagiarism checkers to manage quotes effectively. These tools help ensure proper formatting and originality in your writing.

Conclusion

Quotes are invaluable in enriching content, providing evidence, and conveying complex ideas succinctly. When used appropriately, they enhance the quality and credibility of your writing. Always ensure relevance, proper integration, and ethical usage to maximize their impact.

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Mary Stuart Masterson