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It Is As To Whether Its Services Or Uses Are To Be Exchanged Or Not Which Makes A Tool An Article Of Capital Or Merely An Article Of Wealth. Thus, The Lathe Of A Manufacturer Used In Making Things Which Are To Be Exchanged Is Capital, While The Lathe Kept By A Gentleman For His Own Amusement Is Not.

-Henry George

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It Is As To

Henry George

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It Is As To Whether Its Services Or Uses Are To Be Exchanged Or Not Which Makes A Tool An Article Of Capital Or Merely An Article Of Wealth. Thus, The Lathe Of A Manufacturer Used In Making Things Which Are To Be Exchanged Is Capital, While The Lathe Kept By A Gentleman For His Own Amusement Is Not.

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The Ideal Social State Is Not That In Which Each Gets An Equal Amount Of Wealth, But In Which Each Gets In Proportion To His Contribution To The General Stock.

Poverty Is The Openmouthed Relentless Hell Which Yawns Beneath Civilized Society. And It Is Hell Enough.

That Which Is Unjust Can Really Profit No One; That Which Is Just Can Really Harm No One.

How Many Men Are There Who Fairly Earn A Million Dollars?

Million Dollars

Property In Land Is As Indefensible As Property In Man.

Poorly Paid Labor Is Inefficient Labor, The World Over.

Economic Inequality

Charity Is False, Futile, And Poisonous When Offered As A Substitute For Justice.

It Is Not The Business Of Government To Make Men Virtuous Or Religious, Or To Preserve The Fool From The Consequences Of His Own Folly.

Libertarian Party

We Have Made, And Still Are Making, Enormous Advances On Material Lines. It Is Necessary That We Commensurately Advance On Moral Lines. Civilization, As It Progresses, Requires A Higher Conscience, A Keener Sense Of Justice, A Warmer Brotherhood, A Wider, Loftier, Truer Public Spirit.

As Mazzini Said ... It Is Around The Standard Of Duty Rather Than Around The Standard Of Self-interest That Men Must Rally To Win The Rights Of Man. And Herein May We See The Deep Philosophy Of Him Who Bade Men Love Their Neighbors As Themselves. In That Spirit, And In No Other, Is The Power To Solve Social Problems And Carry Civilization Onward.

That Alone Is Wise Which Is Just; That Alone Is Enduring Which Is Right.

Let No Man Imagine That He Has No Influence.

Unless There Be Correct Thought, There Cannot Be Any Action, And When There Is Correct Thought, Right Action Will Follow.

There Are Only Three Ways By Which Any Individual Can Get Wealth — By Work, By Gift Or By Theft. And, Clearly, The Reason Why The Workers Get So Little Is That The Beggars And Thieves Get So Much.

The Great Work Of The Present For Every Man, And Every Organization Of Men, Who Would Improve Social Conditions, Is The Work Of Education The Propagation Of Ideas. It Is Only As It Aids This That Anything Else Can Avail. And In This Work Every One Who Can Think May Aid First By Forming Clear Ideas Himself, And Then By Endeavoring To Arouse The Thought Of Those With Whom He Comes In Contact.

To Prevent Government From Becoming Corrupt And Tyrannous, Its Organization And Methods Should Be As Simple As Possible, Its Functions Be Restricted To Those Necessary To The Common Welfare, And In All Its Parts It Should Be Kept As Close To The People And As Directly Within Their Control As May Be.

A Good, Very Good, Not To Say Admirable Schoolmaster, But Then He Is Only A Schoolmaster.

One Sex Of Voice In Public Matters, And That We Could In No Way So Increase The Attention , The Intelligence And The Devotion Which May Be Brought To The Solution Of Social Problems As By Enfranchising Our Women .

No Theory Is Too False, No Fable Too Absurd, No Superstition Too Degrading For Acceptance When It Has Become Embedded In Common Belief. Men Will Submit Themselves To Torture And To Death, Mothers Will Immolate [burn] Their Children At The Bidding Of Beliefs They Thus Accept.

Everybody Works But The Vacant Lot

The Tax Upon Land Values Is The Most Just And Equal Of All Taxes. It Falls Only Upon Those Who Receive From Society A Peculiar And Valuable Benefit, And Upon Them In Proportion To The Benefit They Receive.it Is The Taking By The Community For The Use Of The Community Of That Value Which Is The Creation Of The Community. It Is The Application Of The Common Property To Common Uses. When All Rent Is Taken By Taxation For The Needs Of The Community, Then Will The Equality Ordained By Nature Be Attained.

He Who By An Exertion Of Mind Or Body, Adds To The Aggregate Of Enjoyable Wealth, Increases The Sum Of Human Knowledge, Or Gives To Human Life Higher Elevation Or Greater Fullness - He Is, In The Larger Meaning Of The Words, A " Producer," A " Working Man," A " Laborer," And Is Honestly Earning Honest Wages.

If You Would Have The Slave Show The Virtues Of The Freeman, You Must First Make Him Free.

How Vainly Shall We Endeavor To Repress Crime By Our Barbarous Punishment Of The Poorer Class Of Criminals So Long As Children Are Reared In The Brutalizing Influences Of Poverty, So Long As The Bite Of Want Drives Men To Crime.

Social Progress Makes The Well-being Of All More And More The Business Of Each.

The State, It Cannot Too Often Be Repeated, Does Nothing, And Can Give Nothing, Which It Does Not Take From Somebody.

The People Themselves Must Think, Because The People Alone Can Act.

As Man Is So Constituted That It Is Utterly Impossible For Him To Attain Happiness Save By Seeking The Happiness Of Others, So Does It Seem To Be Of The Nature Of Things That Individuals And Classes Can Obtain Their Own Just Rights Only By Struggling For The Rights Of Others.

The Word Capital, As Philologists Trace It, Comes Down To Us From A Time When Wealth Was Estimated In Cattle, And A Man's Income Depended Upon The Number Of Head He Could Keep For Their Increase.

Let No Man Imagine That He Has No Influence. Whoever He May Be, And Wherever He May Be Placed, The Man Who Thinks Becomes A Light And A Power.

I Do Not Think That Any Sorrow Of Youth Or Manhood Equalled In Intensity Or Duration The Black And Hopeless Misery Which Followed The Wrench Of Transference From A Happy Home To A School.

It Is Not The Business Of Government To Make Men Virtuous Or Religious, Or To Preserve The Fool From The Consequences Of His Own Folly. Government Should Be Repressive No Further Than Is Necessary To Secure Liberty By Protecting The Equal Rights Of Each From Aggression On The Part Of Others, And The Moment Governmental Prohibitions Extend Beyond This Line They Are In Danger Of Defeating The Very Ends They Are Intended To Serve.

Man Must Be Doing Something, Or Fancy That He Is Doing Something, For In Him Throbs The Creative Impulse; The Mere Basker In The Sunshine Is Not A Natural, But An Abnormal Man.

Liberty Calls To Us Again. We Must Follow Her Further; We Must Trust Her Fully. Either We Must Wholly Accept Her Or She Will Not Stay. It Is Not Enough That Men Should Vote; It Is Not Enough That They Should Be Theoretically Equal Before The Law. They Must Have Liberty To Avail Themselves Of The Opportunities And Means Of Life; They Must Stand On Equal Terms With Reference To The Bounty Of Nature.

The Methods By Which A Trade Union Can Alone Act, Are Necessarily Destructive; Its Organization Is Necessarily Tyrannical.

That Amid Our Highest Civilization Men Faint And Die With Want Is Not Due To The Niggardliness Of Nature, But To The Injustice Of Man.

Trade Has Ever Been The Extinguisher Of War, The Eradicator Of Prejudice, The Diffuser Of Knowledge.

Social Reform Is Not To Be Secured By Noise And Shouting; By Complaints And Denunciation; By The Formation Of Parties, Or The Making Of Revolutions; But By The Awakening Of Thought And The Progress Of Ideas. Until There Be Correct Thought, There Cannot Be Right Action; And When There Is Correct Thought, Right Action Will Follow.

Whoever Becomes Imbued With A Noble Idea Kindles A Flame From Which Other Torches Are Lit, And Influences Those With Whom He Comes In Contact, Be They Few Or Many. How Far That Influence, Thus Perpetuated, May Extend, It Is Not Given To Him Here To See.

The Equal Right Of All Men To The Use Of Land Is As Clear As Their Equal Right To Breathe The Air It Is A Right Proclaimed By The Fact Of Their Existence. For We Cannot Suppose That Some Men Have A Right To Be In This World, And Others No Right.

There Are People Into Whose Heads It Never Enters To Conceive Of Any Better State Of Society Than That Which Now Exists.

It Is Not From Top To Bottom That Societies Die; It Is From Bottom To Top.

Passing Into Higher Forms Of Desire, That Which Slumbered In The Plant, And Fitfully Stirred In The Beast, Awakes In The Man.

Private Ownership Of Land Is The Nether Mill-stone. Material Progress Is The Upper Mill-stone. Between Them, With An Increasing Pressure, The Working Classes Are Being Ground.

Compare Society To A Boat. Her Progress Through The Water Will Not Depend Upon The Exertion Of Her Crew, But Upon The Exertion Devoted To Propelling Her. This Will Be Lessened By Any Expenditure Of Force In Fighting Among Themselves, Or In Pulling In Different Directions.

Whence Shall Come The New Barbarians? Go Through The Squalid Quarters Of Great Cities, And You May See, Even Now, Their Gathering Hordes! How Shall Learning Perish? Men Will Cease To Read, And Books Will Kindle Fires And Be Turned Into Cartridges.

Capital Is A Result Of Labor, And Is Used By Labor To Assist It In Further Production. Labor Is The Active And Initial Force, And Labor Is Therefore The Employer Of Capital.

What Has Destroyed Every Previous Civilization Has Been The Tendency To The Unequal Distribution Of Wealth And Power.

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Progressive Societies Outgrow Institutions As Children Outgrow Clothes.

Blockading Squadrons Are A Means Whereby Nations Seek To Prevent Their Enemies From Trading; Protective Tariffs Are A Means Whereby Nations Attempt To Prevent Their Own People From Trading. What Protectionism Teaches Us, Is To Do To Ourselves In Time Of Peace What Enemies Seek To Do To Us In Time Of War.

The Value Of A Thing Is The Amount Of Laboring Or Work That Its Possession Will Save The Possessor.

How Can A Man Be Said To Have A Country When He Has Not Right Of A Square Inch Of It.

The Tolerance Of Wrong Dulls Our Sense Of Its Injustice. Men May Become Accustomed To Theft, Murder, Even To Slavery - That Sum Of All Villainies - So They See No Injustice In It, Yet That Which Is Unjust Is Unjust Still.

For As Labor Cannot Produce Without The Use Of Land, The Denial Of The Equal Right To The Use Of Land Is Necessarily The Denial Of The Labor To Its Own Produce.

As It Is With An Individual, So It Is With A Nation. One Must Produce To Have, Or One Will Become A Have-not.

When We Consider That Labor Is The Producer Of All Wealth, Is It Not Evident That The Impoverishment And, Dependence Of Labor Are Abnormal Conditions Resulting From Restrictions And Usurpations, And That Instead Of Accepting Protection, What Labor Should Demand Is Freedom. That Those Who Advocate Any Extension Of Freedom Choose To Go No Further Than Suits Their Own Special Purpose Is No Reason Why Freedom Itself Should Be Distrusted.

What Would Happen To The Individual If All The Functions Of The Body Were Placed Under The Control Of The Consciousness Is What Would Happen To A Nation In Which All Individual Activities Were Directed By Government.

The Fundamental Principle Of Human Action, The Law, That Is To Political Economy What The Law Of Gravitation Is To Physics Is That Men Seek To Gratify Their Desires With The Least Exertion

Man Is The Only Animal Whose Desires Increase As They Are Fed; The Only Animal That Is Never Satisfied.

I Propose To Beg No Question To Shrink From No Conclusion, But To Follow Truth Wherever It May Lead.

It Is As To Whether Its Services Or Uses Are To Be Exchanged Or Not Which Makes A Tool An Article Of Capital Or Merely An Article Of Wealth. Thus, The Lathe Of A Manufacturer Used In Making Things Which Are To Be Exchanged Is Capital, While The Lathe Kept By A Gentleman For His Own Amusement Is Not.

In All The New States Of The Union, Land Monopolization Has Gone On At An Alarming Rate, But In None Of Them So Fast As In California, And In None Of Them, Perhaps, Are The Evil Effects So Manifest.

I Am Firmly Convinced, As I Have Already Said, That To Effect Any Great Social Improvement, It Is Sympathy Rather Than Self-interest, The Sense Of Duty Rather Than The Desire For Self-advancement, That Must Be Appealed To. Envy Is Akin To Admiration, And It Is The Admiration That The Rich And Powerful Excite Which Secures The Perpetuation Of Aristocracies.

God Showers Upon Us His Gifts-more Than Enough For All; But Like Swine Scrambling For Food, We Tread Them In The Mire, And Rend Each Other.

No Person, I Think, Ever Saw A Herd Of Buffalo, Of Which A Few Were Fat And The Great Majority Lean. No Person Ever Saw A Flock Of Birds, Of Which Two Or Three Were Swimming In Grease, And The Others All Skin And Bone.

The Protection Of The Masses Has In All Times Been The Pretense Of Tyranny - The Plea Of Monarchy, Of Aristocracy, Of Special Privilege Of Every Kind. The Slave Owners Justified Slavery As Protecting The Slaves.

At The Beginning Of This Marvelous Era It Was Natural To Expect, And It Was Expected, That Laborsaving Inventions Would Lighten The Toil And Improve The Condition Of The Laborer; That The Enormous Increase In The Power Of Producing Wealth Would Make Real Poverty A Thing Of The Past... From Progress And Poverty, To Those Who, Seeing The Vice And Misery That Spring From The Unequal Distribution Of Wealth And Privilege, Feel The Possibility Of A Higher Social State And Would Strive For Its Attainment.

As It Becomes More And More Difficult To Get Land, So Will The Virtual Enslavement Of The Laboring-classe S Go On. As The Value Of Land Rises, More And More Of The Earnings Of Labor Will Be Demanded For The Use Of Land, Until Finally Nothing Is Left To Laborers But The Wages Of Slavery -- A Bare Living.

For Every Social Wrong There Must Be A Remedy. But The Remedy Can Be Nothing Less Than The Abolition Of The Wrong.

There Can Be To The Ownership Of Anything No Rightful Title Which Is Not Derived From The Title Of The Producer And Does Not Rest Upon The Natural Right Of The Man To Himself.

My Primary Object Is To Defend And Advance A Principle In Which I See The Only Possible Relief From Much That Enthralls And Degrades And Distorts, Turning Light To Darkness And Good To Evil, Rather Than To Gage A Philosopher Or Weigh A Philosophy. Yet The Examination I Propose Must Lead To A Decisive Judgment Upon Both.

It Is But A Truism That Labor Is Most Productive Where Its Wages Are Largest. Poorly Paid Labor Is Inefficient Labor, The World Over.

The Man Who Gives Me Employment, Which I Must Have Or Suffer, That Man Is My Master, Let Me Call Him What I Will.

Discovery Can Give No Right Of Ownership, For Whatever Is Discovered Must Have Been Already Here To Be Discovered. If A Man Makes A Wheelbarrow, Or A Book, Or A Picture, He Has A Moral Right To That Particular Wheelbarrow, Or Book, Or Picture, But No Right To Ask That Others Be Prevented From Making Similar Things. Such A Prohibition, Though Given For The Purpose Of Stimulating Discovery And Invention, Really In The Long Run Operates As A Check Upon Them.

The March Of Invention Has Clothed Mankind With Powers Of Which A Century Ago The Boldest Imagination Could Not Have Dreamt.

There Is Danger In Reckless Change, But Greater Danger In Blind Conservatism.

What Protectionism Teaches Us, Is To Do To Ourselves In Time Of Peace What Enemies Seek To Do To Us In Time Of War.

Laissez Faire (in Its Full True Meaning) Opens The Way To The Realization Of The Noble Dreams Of Socialism.

Laissez Faire Capitalism

It Is Too Narrow An Understanding Of Production Which Confines It Merely To The Making Of Things. Production Includes Not Merely The Making Of Things, But The Bringing Of Them To The Consumer. The Merchant Or Storekeeper Is Thus As Truly A Producer As Is The Manufacturer, Or Farmer, And His Stock Or Capital Is As Much Devoted To Production As Is Theirs.

He Who Sees The Truth, Let Him Proclaim It, Without Asking Who Is For It Or Who Is Against It.

So Long As All The Increased Wealth Which Modern Progress Brings Goes But To Build Up Great Fortunes, To Increase Luxury And Make Sharper The Contrast Between The House Of Have And The House Of Want, Progress Is Not Real And Cannot Be Permanent.

Abolish All Taxation Save That Upon Land Values.

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