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In My Youth I Regarded The Universe As An Open Book, Printed In The Language Of Equations, Whereas Now It Appears To Me As A Text Written In Invisible Ink, Of Which In Our Rare Moments Of Grace We Are Able To Decipher A Small Segment.

-Arthur Koestler

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In My Youth I

Arthur Koestler

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In My Youth I Regarded The Universe As An Open Book, Printed In The Language Of Equations, Whereas Now It Appears To Me As A Text Written In Invisible Ink, Of Which In Our Rare Moments Of Grace We Are Able To Decipher A Small Segment.

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Brain-washing Starts In The Cradle.

The Evolution Of The Brain Not Only Overshot The Needs Of Prehistoric Man, It Is The Only Example Of Evolution Providing A Species With An Organ Which It Does Not Know How To Use.

The Ultimate Truth Is Penultimately A Falsehood.

Conscious And Unconscious Experiences Do Not Belong To Different Compartments Of The Mind; They Form A Continuous Scale Of Gradations, Of Degrees Of Awareness.

One Of The Tests Of A Theory Is That, Once Grasped, It Appears Self-evident.

Zen Is To Religion What A Japanese "rock Garden" Is To A Garden. Zen Knows No God, No Afterlife, No Good And No Evil, As The Rock-garden Knows No Flowers, Herbs Or Shrubs. It Has No Doctrine Or Holy Writ: Its Teaching Is Transmitted Mainly In The Form Of Parables As Ambiguous As The Pebbles In The Rock-garden Which Symbolise Now A Mountain, Now A Fleeting Tiger. When A Disciple Asks "what Is Zen?", The Master's Traditional Answer Is "three Pounds Of Flax" Or "a Decaying Noodle" Or "a Toilet Stick" Or A Whack On The Pupil's Head.

The Thing Represented Had To Pass Through Two Distorting Lenses: The Artist's Mind, And His Medium Of Expression, Before It Emerged As A Man-made Dream - The Two, Of Course, Being Intimately Connected And Interacting With Each Other.

I Went To Communism As One Goes To A Spring Of Fresh Water, And I Left Communism As One Clambers Out Of A Poisoned River Strewn With The Wreckage Of Flooded Cities And The Corpses Of The Drowned.

To Sell Oneself For Thirty Pieces Of Silver Is An Honest Transaction; But To Sell Oneself To One S Own Conscience Is To Abandon Mankind.

The Moment Of Truth, The Sudden Emergence Of A New Insight, Is An Act Of Intuition. Such Intuitions Give The Appearance Of Miraculous Flushes, Or Short-circuits Of Reasoning. In Fact They May Be Likened To An Immersed Chain, Of Which Only The Beginning And The End Are Visible Above The Surface Of Consciousness. The Diver Vanishes At One End Of The Chain And Comes Up At The Other End, Guided By Invisible Links.

As Modern Physics Started With The Newtonian Revolution, So Modern Philosophy Starts With What One Might Call The Cartesian Catastrophe. The Catastrophe Consisted In The Splitting Up Of The World Into The Realms Of Matter And Mind, And The Identification Of 'mind' With Conscious Thinking. The Result Of This Identification Was The Shallow Rationalism Of L' Esprit Cartesien, And An Impoverishment Of Psychology Which It Took Three Centuries To Remedy Even In Part.

Death Tripped Down The Corridor, Changing Step, Struck Out Here And There, Danced Pirouettes; Often I Felt His Breath On My Face When He Was Miles Away; Often I Fell Asleep And Dreamed While He Stood Leaning Over My Bed.

I Have Repeatedly Stressed That The Selfish Impulses Of Man Constitute A Much Less Historic Danger Than His Integrative Tendencies. To Put It In The Simplest Way: The Individual Who Indulges In An Excess Of Aggressive Self-assertiveness Incurs The Penalties Of Society-he Outlaws Himself, He Contracts Out Of The Hierarchy. The True Believer, On The Other Hand, Becomes More Closely Knit Into It; He Enters The Womb Of His Church, Or Party, Or Whatever The Social Holon To Which He Surrenders His Identity.

The Individual Is Not A Killer, But The Group Is, And By Identifying With It The Individual Is Transformed Into A Killer.

We Cannot Unthink Unless We Are Insane.

Man's Destiny Was No Longer Determined From 'above' By A Super-human Wisdom And Will, But From 'below' By The Sub-human Agencies Of Glands, Genes, Atoms, Or Waves Of Probability. ...they Could Determine His Fate, But Could Provide Him With No Moral Guidance, No Values And Meaning. A Puppet Of The Gods Is A Tragic Figure, A Puppet Suspended On His Chromosomes Is Merely Grotesque.

Habit Is The Denial Of Creativity And The Negation Of Freedom; A Self-imposed Straitjacket Of Which The Wearer Is Unaware.

Space-ships And Time Machines Are No Escape From The Human Condition. Let Othello Subject Desdemona To A Lie-detector Test; His Jealousy Will Still Blind Him To The Evidence. Let Oedipus Triumph Over Gravity; He Won't Triumph Over His Fate.

We Know That Virtue Does Not Matter To History, And That Crimes Remain Unpunished; But That Every Error Had Its Consequences And Venges Itself Unto The Seventh Generation.

God Seems To Have Left The Receiver Off The Hook And Time Is Running Out.

The Definition Of The Individual Was: A Multitude Of One Million Divided By One Million.

Coincidence May Be Described As The Chance Encounter Of Two Unrelated Causal Chains Which - Miraculously, It Seems - Merge Into A Significant Event.

The 'missing Link' Between Ape And Man Will Probably Never Be Found- Because It Was An Embryo.

I Profoundly Admire Aldous Huxley, Both For His Philosophy And Uncompromising Sincerity. But I Disagree With His Advocacy Of 'the Chemical Opening Of Doors Into The Other World', And With His Belief That Drugs Can Procure 'what Catholic Theologians Call A Gratuitous Grace'. Chemically Induced Hallucinations, Delusions And Raptures May Be Frightening Or Wonderfully Gratifying; In Either Case They Are In The Nature Of Confidence Tricks Played On One's Own Nervous System.

The Régime Did Not Want Communists; It Wanted Robots. It Will Take At Least A Generation To Change Them Back Into Humans Again.

The Inner Defenses Are Unconscious. They Consist Of A Kind Of Magic Aura Which The Mind Builds Around Cherished Belief. Arguments Which Penetrate Into The Magic Aura Are Not Dealt With Rationally But By A Specific Type Of Pseudo-reasoning. Absurdities And Contradictions Are Made Acceptable By Specious Rationalizations.

The Cell Door Slammed Behind Rubishov.

Aggressiveness Is Not The Main Trouble With The Human Species, But Rather An Excess Capacity For Fanatical Devotion.

Faith Is A Wondrous Thing; It Is Not Only Capable Of Moving Mountains, But Also Of Making You Believe That A Herring Is A Race Horse.

Most Of Us Were Not Afraid Of Death, Only Of The Act Of Dying; And There Were Times When We Overcame Even This Fear. At Such Moments We Were Free-men Without Shadows, Dismissed From The Ranks Of The Mortal; It Was The Most Complete Experience Of Freedom That Can Be Granted A Man.

The Disastrous History Of Our Species Indicates The Futility Of All Attempts At A Diagnosis Which Do Not Take Into Account The Possibility That Homo Sapiens Is A Victim Of One Of Evolution's Countless Mistakes.

Snobbery Is Not Merely A Silly Human Weakness But Something Basic In The Mentality Of Modern Man-a Symptom Which Reflects The General Sickness, The Dislocation Of Social And Cultural Values In Contemporary Civilization.

Einstein's Space Is No Closer To Reality Than Van Gogh's Sky . The Glory Of Science Is Not In A Truth More Absolute Than The Truth Of Bach Or Tolstoy, But In The Act Of Creation Itself. The Scientist's Discoveries Impose His Own Order On Chaos, As The Composer Or Painter Imposes His; An Order That Always Refers To Limited Aspects Of Reality, And Is Based On The Observer's Frame Of Reference, Which Differs From Period To Period As A Rembrant Nude Differs From A Nude By Manet.

What Is An Editor But A Cross Between A Fall Guy And A Father Figure? Arthur Koestler

The Revolutionary's Utopia, Which In Appearance Represents A Complete Break With The Past, Is Always Modeled On Some Image Of The Lost Paradise, Of A Legendary Golden Age... All Utopias Are Fed From The Source Of Mythology; The Social Engineers' Blueprints Are Merely Revised Editions Of The Ancient Text.

It Is Impossible To Decide Whether A Particular Detail Of The Pythagorean Universe Was The Work Of The Master, Or Filled In By A Pupil A Remark Which Equally Applies To Leonardo Or Michelangelo . But There Can Be No Doubt That The Basic Features Were Conceived By A Single Mind; That Pythagoras Of Samos Was Both The Founder Of A New Religious Philosophy, And The Founder Of Science, As The Word Is Understood Today.

Hitherto Man Had To Live With The Idea Of Death As An Individual; From Now Onward Mankind Will Have To Live With The Idea Of Its Death As A Species.

Some Tribes [of Monkeys] Have Taken To Washing Potatoes In The River Before Eating Them, Others Have Not. Sometimes Migrating Groups Of Potato-washers Meet Non-washers, And The Two Groups Watch Each Other's Strange Behavior With Apparent Bewilderment. But Unlike The Inhabitants Of Lilliput, Who Fought Holy Crusades Over The Question At Which End To Break The Egg, The Potato-washing Monkeys Do Not Go To War With The Non-washers, Because The Poor Creatures Have No Language Which Would Enable Them To Declare Washing A Diving Commandment And Eating Unwashed Potatoes A Deadly Heresy.

I Believe That The Evidence For Telepathy Is Overwhelming And That It Is A Part Of Reality That Is Above Science. Science Allows Us To Glimpse [only] Fragments Of Reality.

Wherever We Find Orderly, Stable Systems In Nature, We Find That They Are Hierarchically Structured, For The Simple Reason That Without Such Structuring Of Complex Systems Into Sub-assemblies, There Could Be No Order And Stability- Except The Order Of A Dead Universe Filled With A Uniformly Distributed Gas.

The Ultimate Truth Is Penultimately Always A Falsehood. He Who Will Be Proved Right In The End Appears To Be Wrong And Harmful Before It.

Wars Are Not Fought For Territory, But For Words. Man's Deadliest Weapon Is Language. He Is As Susceptible To Being Hypnotized By Slogans As He Is To Infectious Diseases. And Where There Is An Epidemic, The Group-mind Takes Over.

The Self-assertive Tendency Is The Dynamic Expression Of The Holon's Wholeness, The Integrative Tendency, The Dynamic Expression Of Its Partness.

The More Original A Discovery, The More Obvious It Seems Afterwards.

In The Social Equation, The Value Of A Single Life Is Nil; In The Cosmic Equation, It Is Infinite... Not Only Communism, But Any Political Movement Which Implicitly Relies On Purely Utilitarian Ethics, Must Become A Victim To The Same Fatal Error. It Is A Fallacy As Naïve As A Mathematical Teaser, And Yet Its Consequences Lead Straight To Goya's Disasters, To The Reign Of The Guillotine, The Torture Chambers Of The Inquisition, Or The Cellars Of The Lubianka.

Woe Unto The Defeated, Whom History Treads Into The Dust.

A Publisher Who Writes Is Like A Cow In A Milk Bar.

Scientists Are Peeping Toms At The Keyhole Of Eternity.

A Writer's Ambition Should Be To Trade A Hundred Contemporary Readers For Ten Readers In Ten Years' Time And For One Reader In A Hundred Years' Time.

The Continuous Disasters Of Man's History Are Mainly Due To His Excessive Capacity And Urge To Become Identified With A Tribe, Nation, Church Or Cause, And To Espouse Its Credo Uncritically And Enthusiastically, Even If Its Tenets Are Contrary To Reason, Devoid Of Self-interest And Detrimental To The Claims Of Self-preservation.we Are Thus Driven To The Unfashionable Conclusion That The Trouble With Our Species Is Not An Excess Of Aggression, But An Excess Capacity For Fanatical Devotion.

Our Press And Our Schools Cultivate Chauvinism, Militarism, Dogmatism, Conformism And Ignorance. The Arbitrary Power Of The Government Is Unlimited, And Unexampled In History; Freedom Of The Press, Of Opinion And Of Movement Are As Thoroughly Exterminated As Though The Proclamation Of The Rights Of Man Had Never Been. We Have Built Up The Most Gigantic Police Apparatus, With Informers Made A National Institution, And The Most Refined Scientific System Of Political And Mental Torture. We Whip The Groaning Masses Of The Country Towards A Theoretical Future Happiness, Which Only We Can.

The Revolutions Of Thought Which Shape The Basic Outlook Of An Age Are Not Disseminated Through Text-books- They Spread Like Epidemics, Through Contamination By Invisible Agents And Innocent Germ Carriers, By The Most Varied Forms Of Contact, Or Simply By Breathing The Common Air.

Man Has An Irrepressible Tendency To Read Meaning Into The Buzzing Confusion Of Sights And Sounds Impinging On His Senses; And Where No Agreed Meaning Can Be Found, He Will Provide It Out Of His Own Imagination.

Somebody Once Asked Niels Bohr Why He Had A Horseshoe Hanging Above The Front Door Of His House. Surely You, A World Famous Physicist, Can't Really Believe That Hanging A Horseshoe Above Your Door Brings You Luck? Of Course Not, Bohr Replied, But I Have Been Reliably Informed That It Will Bring Me Luck Whether I Believe In It Or Not.

Creativity Is The Defeat Of Habit By Originality.

Nobody Before The Pythagorean Had Thought That Mathematical Relations Held The Secret Of The Universe. Twenty-five Centuries Later, Europe Is Still Blessed And Cursed With Their Heritage. To Non-european Civilizations, The Idea That Numbers Are The Key To Both Wisdom And Power, Seems Never To Have Occurred.

Some Of The Greatest Discoveries...consist Mainly In The Clearing Away Of Psychological Roadblocks Which Obstruct The Approach To Reality; Which Is Why,post Factum They Appear So Obvious.

Nothing Is More Sad Than The Death Of An Illusion.

Prometheus Is Reaching Out For The Stars With An Empty Grin On His Face.

Chemically Induced Hallucinations, Delusions And Raptures May Be Frightening Or Wonderfully Gratifying; In Either Case They Are In The Nature Of Confidence Tricks Played On One's Own Nervous System.

The Progress Of Science, Like An Ancient Desert Trail, Is Strewn With The Bleached Skeletons Of Discarded Theories, Doctrines, And Axioms Which Seemed To Possess Eternal Life.

History Knows No Scruples And No Hesitation. Inert And Unerring, She Flows Towards Her Goal. At Every Bend In Her Course She Leaves The Mud Which She Carries And The Corpses Of The Drowned.

History Knows No Scruples And No Hesitation. Inert And Unnering Flows Towards Her Goal. History Knows Herway. She Makes No Mistakes.

From The Psychological Point Of View, The Self-asserting Emotions, Derived From Emergency Reactions, Involve A Narrowing Of Consciousness; The Participatory Emotions An Expansion Of Consciousness By Identificatory Processes Of Various Kinds.

Politics Can Be Relatively Fair In The Breathing Spaces Of History; At Its Critical Turning Points There Is No Other Rule Possible Than The Old One, That The End Justifies The Means.

Breathing Space

The Greatest Temptation For The Like Of Us Is: To Renounce Violence, To Repent, To Make Peace With Oneself. Most Revolutionaries Fell Before This Temptation, From Spartacus To Danton And Dostoevsky; They Are The Classical Form Of Betrayal Of The Cause. The Temptations Of God Were Always More Dangerous For Mankind Than Those Of Satan. As Long As Chaos Dominates The World, God Is An Anachronism; And Every Compromise With One’s Own Conscience Is Perfidy. When The Accursed Inner Voice Speaks To You, Hold Your Hands Over Your Ears….

There Is Only One Prospect Worse Than Being Chained To An Intolerable Existence: The Nightmare Of A Botched Attempt To End It.

The Principle Mark Of Genius Is Not Perfection But Originality, The Opening Of New Frontiers.

...the Crimes Of Violence Committed For Selfish, Personal Motives Are Historically Insignificant Compared To Those Committed Ad Majorem Gloriam Dei, Out Of A Self-sacrificing Devotion To The Flag, A Leader, A Religeous Faith Or Political Conviction.

If Power Corrupts, The Reverse Is Also True; Persecution Corrupts The Victims Though Perhaps In Subtler And More Tragic Ways.

You Can't Help People Being Right For The Wrong Reasons...this Fear Of Finding Oneself In Bad Company Is Not An Expression Of Political Purity; It Is An Expression Of A Lack Of Self-confidence.

Self Confidence

The Discoveries Of Yesterday Are The Truisms Of Tomorrow, Because We Can Add To Our Knowledge But Cannot Subtract From It.

The Principle That The End Justifies The Means Is And Remains The Only Rule Of Political Ethics; Anything Else Is Just A Vague Chatter And Melts Away Between One’s Fingers.

In Creating The Human Brain, Evolution Has Wildly Overshot The Mark.

The Inner Censor Of The Mind Of The True Believer Completes The Work Of The Public Censor; His Self-discipline Is As Tyrannical As The Obedience Imposed By The Regime; He Terrorizes His Own Conscience Into Submission;he Carries His Private Iron Curtain Inside His Skull, To Protect His Illusions Against The Intrusion Of Reality.

History Had A Slow Pulse; Man Counted In Years, History In Generations

Space-ships And Time Machines Are No Escape From The Human Condition.

The Real Achievement In Discoveries... Is Seeing An Analogy Where No One Saw One Before... The Essence Of Discovery Is That Unlikely Marriage Of Cabbages And Kings — Of Previously Unrelated Frames Of Reference Or Universes Of Discourse — Whose Union Will Solve The Previously Insoluble Problem.

The 'gallows' Are Not Only A Symbol Of Death, But Also A Symbol Of Cruelty, Terror And Irreverence For Life; The Common Denominator Of Primitive Savagery, Medieval Fanaticism And Modern Totalitarianism.

Two Half Truths Do Not Make A Truth.

The Integrative Tendencies Of The Individual Are Incomparably More Dangerous Than His Self-assertive Tendencies.

Courage Is Never To Let Your Actions Be Influenced By Your Fears.

Thought Provoking

In My Youth I Regarded The Universe As An Open Book, Printed In The Language Of Equations, Whereas Now It Appears To Me As A Text Written In Invisible Ink, Of Which In Our Rare Moments Of Grace We Are Able To Decipher A Small Segment.

[my Father] Loved Me Tenderly And Shyly From A Distance, And Later On Took A Naive Pride In Seeing My Name In Print.

If The Creator Has A Purpose In Equipping Us With A Neck, He Surely Would Have Meant For Us To Stick It Out.

Einstein's Space Is No Closer To Reality Than Van Gogh's Sky.

No Writer Or Teacher Or Artist Can Escape The Responsibility Of Influencing Others Whether He Intends To Or Not, Whether He Is Conscious Of It Or Not.

Creativity Is A Type Of Learning Process Where The Teacher And Pupil Are Located In The Same Individual.

I Am Not Sure Whether Ethical Absolutes Exist. But I Am Sure That We Have To Act As If They Existed Or Civilization Perishes.

The Creative Act Does Not Create Something Out Of Nothing; It Uncovers, Selects, Reshuffles, Combines, Synthesizes Already Existing Facts, Ideas, Faculties, And Skills.

History Is A Priori Amoral; It Has No Conscience.

Creativity In Science Could Be Described As The Act Of Putting Two And Two Together To Make Five

To Want To Meet An Author Because You Like His Books Is As Ridiculous As Wanting To Meet The Goose Because You Like Pate De Foie Gras.

Honor Is Decency Without Vanity.

The Life We Led Was A Proof Of Man's Capacity For Adaptation.i Think That Even The Condemned Souls In Purgatory After Time Develop A Sort Of Homely Routine.that Is ,by The Way, Why Most Prison Memoirs Are Unreadable.the Difficulty Of Conveying To The Reader An Idea Of A Nightmare World From Which He Has Emerged Makes The Author Depict The Prisoner's State Of Mind As An Uninterruped Continuity Of Despair.he Fears To Appear Frivolous Or To Spoil His Effect By Admitting That Even In The Depths Of Misery Cheerfulness Keeps Breaking In.

The More Backwoodish A Social Group, Juvenile Or Adult, The Stricter Its Conception Of The Normal, And The Readier It Will Ridicule Any Departure From It.

The Evils Of Mankind Are Caused, Not By The Primary Aggressiveness Of Individuals, But By Their Self-transcending Identification With Groups Whose Common Denominator Is Low Intelligence And High Emotionality.

Without The Hard Little Bits Of Marble Which Are Called 'facts' Or 'data' One Cannot Compose A Mosaic; What Matters, However, Are Not So Much The Individual Bits, But The Successive Patterns Into Which You Arrange Them, Then Break Them Up And Rearrange Them.

One Should Either Write Ruthlessly What One Believes To Be The Truth, Or Else Shut Up.

The Prerequisite Of Originality Is The Art Of Forgetting, At The Proper Moment, What We Know.

...the Cosmology Of A Given Age Is Not The Result Of Unilinear, "scientific" Development, But Rather The Most Striking, Imaginative Symbol Of Its Mentality- The Projection Of Its Conflicts, Prejudice And Specific Ways Of Double-think Onto The Graceful Sky.

Learn From The Mistakes Of Others. You Can't Live Long Enough To Make Them All Yourself. Boredom Sets Into Boring Minds. The More Original A Discovery, The More Obvious It Seems Afterwards.

In The Pun, Two Strings Of Thought Are Tangled Into One Acoustic Knot.

Coincidence In Life

The Temptations Of God Were Always More Dangerous For Mankind Than Those Of Satan.

In The Meantime, The Educated Public Continues To Believe That Darwin Has Provided All The Relevant Answers By The Magic Formula Of Random Mutations Plus Natural Selection -quite Unaware Of The Fact That Random Mutations Turned Out To Be Irrelevant And Natural Selection Tautology.

When All Is Said, Its Atmosphere [england's] Still Contains Fewer Germs Of Aggression And Brutality Per Cubic Foot In A Crowded Bus, Pub Or Queue Than In Any Other Country In Which I Have Lived

God Is Dethroned; And Although The Incognizant Masses Are Tardy In Realizing The Event, They Feel The Icy Draught Caused By That Vacancy. Man Enters Upon A Spiritual Ice Age; The Established Churches Can No Longer Provide More Than Eskimo Huts Where Their Shivering Flock Huddles Together.

Innovation Is A Twofold Threat To Academic Mediocrities: It Endangers Their Oracular Authority, And It Evokes The Deeper Fear That Their Whole, Laboriously Constructed Intellectual Edifice Might Collapse.

True Creativity Often Starts Where Language Ends.

When A Chess Player Looks At The Board, He Does Not See A Static Mosaic, A 'still Life', But A Magnetic Field Of Forces, Charged With Energy - As Faraday Saw The Stresses Surrounding Magnets And Currents As Curves In Space; Or As Van Gogh Saw Vortices In The Skies Of Provence.

We Find In The History Of Ideas Mutations Which Do Not Seem To Correspond To Any Obvious Need, And At First Sight Appear As Mere Playful Whimsies Such As Apollonius' Work On Conic Sections, Or The Non-euclidean Geometries, Whose Practical Value Became Apparent Only Later.

When A Person Identifies Himself With A Group His Critical Faculties Are Diminished And His Passions Enhanced By A Kind Of Emotive Resonance. The Individual Is Not A Killer, The Group Is, And By Identifying With It, The Individual Becomes One. This Is The Infernal Dialect Reflected In Man's History.

There Is An Abundance Of Ancient Place Names In The Ukraine And Poland, Which Derive From 'khazar' Or 'zhid' (jew).

The Moment Of Truth, The Sudden Emergence Of A New Insight, Is An Act Of Intuition.

If Conquerors Be Regarded As The Engine-drivers Of History, Then The Conquerors Of Thought Are Perhaps The Pointsmen Who, Less Conspicuous To The Traveler's Eye, Determine The Direction Of The Journey.

Coincidence May Be Described As The Chance Encounter Of Two Unrelated Causal Chains Which-miraculously, It Seems-merge Into A Significant Event. It Provides The Neatest Paradigm Of The Bisociation Of Previously Separate Contexts, Engineered By Fate. Coincidences Are Puns Of Destiny. In The Pun, Two Strings Of Thought Are Tangled Into One Acoustic Knot; In The Coincidental Happening, Two Strings Of Events Are Knitted Together By Invisible Hands.

The Story Of The Khazar Empire, As It Slowly Emerges From The Past, Begins To Look Like The Most Cruel Hoax Which History Has Ever Perpetrated.

Of All Forms Of Mental Activity, The Most Difficult To Induce Even In The Minds Of The Young, Who May Be Presumed Not To Have Lost Their Flexibility, Is The Art Of Handling The Same Bundle Of Data As Before, But Placing Them In A New System Of Relations With One Another By Giving Them A Different Framework, All Of Which Virtually Means Putting On A Different Kind Of Thinking-cap For The Moment. It Is Easy To Teach Anybody A New Fact...but It Needs Light From Heaven Above To Enable A Teacher To Break The Old Framework In Which The Student Is Accustomed To Seeing.

No Man Is An Island- He Is A Holon. A Janus-faced Entity Who, Looking Inward, Sees Himself As A Self-contained Unique Whole, Looking Outward As A Dependent Part. His Self-assertive Tendency Is The Dynamic Manifestation Of His Unique Wholeness, His Autonomy And Independence As A Holon. Its Equally Universal Antagonist, The Integrative Tendency, Expresses His Dependence On The Larger Whole To Which He Belongs: His 'part-ness.'.

In The Course Of The Last Century Science Has Become So Dizzy With Its Successes, That It Has Forgotten To Ask The Pertinent Questions- Or Refused To Ask Them Under The Pretext That They Are Meaningless, And In Any Case Not The Scientists Concern.

Pertinent Questions

The Fact Is: I No Longer Believe In My Own Infallibility. That Is Why I Am Lost.

The New Frontiers To Be Conquered Are Mainly In The Convolutions Of The Cortex.

Indeed, The Ideal For A Well-functioning Democratic State Is Like The Ideal For A Gentleman's Well-cut Suit It Is Not Noticed. For The Common People Of Britain, Gestapo And Concentration Camps Have Approximately The Same Degree Of Reality As The Monster Of Loch Ness. Atrocity Propaganda Is Helpless Against This Healthy Lack Of Imagination.

Newton's Apple And Cezanne's Apple Are Discoveries More Closely Related Than They Seem.

Two Half-truths Do Not Make A Truth, And Two Half- Cultures Do Not Make A Culture

In The Index To The Six Hundred Odd Pages Of Arnold Toynbee's A Study Of History, Abridged Version, The Names Of Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes And Newton Do Not Occur Yet Their Cosmic Quest Destroyed The Medieval Vision Of An Immutable Social Order In A Walled-in Universe And Transformed The European Landscape, Society, Culture, Habits And General Outlook, As Thoroughly As If A New Species Had Arisen On This Planet.

The Creativity And Pathology Of The Human Mind Are, After All, Two Sides Of The Same Medal Coined In The Evolutionary Mint. The First Is Responsible For The Splendour Of Our Cathedrals, The Second For The Gargoyles That Decorate Them To Remind Us That The World Is Full Of Monsters, Devils, And Succubi.

One May Not Regard The World As A Sort Of Metaphysical Brothel For Emotions.

Show Us Not The Aim Without The Way. For Ends And Means On Earth Are So Entangled That Changing One, You Change The Other Too; Each Different Path Brings Other Ends In View

If One Looks With A Cold Eye At The Mess Man Has Made Of His History, It Is Difficult To Avoid The Conclusion That He Has Been Afflicted By Some Built-in Mental Disorder Which Drives Him Towards Self-destruction. Murder Within The Species On An Individual Or Collective Scale Is A Phenomenon Unknown In The Whole Animal Kingdom, Except For Man, And A Few Varieties Of Ants And Rats.

If There Is A Lesson In Our Story It Is That The Manipulation, According To Strictly Self-consistent Rules, Of A Set Of Symbols Representing One Single Aspect Of The Phenomena May Produce Correct, Verifiable Predictions, And Yet Completely Ignore All Other Aspects Whose Ensemble Constitutes Reality.

Laughter And Weeping, The Greek Masks Of Comedy And Tragedy, Mark The Extremes Of A Continuous Spectrum; Both Provide Channels For The Overflow Of Emotion; Both Are

The Jester Is Brother To The Sage.

The Purposiveness Of All Vital Processes, The Strategy Of The Genes And The Power Of The Exploratory Drive In Animal And Man, All Seem To Indicate That The Pull Of The Future Is As Real As The Pressure Of The Past.

Adolescence Is A Kind Of Emotional Seasickness. Both Are Funny, But Only In Retrospect.

All "if" Statements About The Past Are As Dubious As Prophecies Of The Future Are. It Seems Fairly Plausible That If Alexander Or Ghengis Khan Had Never Been Born, Some Other Individual Would Have Filled His Place And Executed The Design Of The Hellenic Or Mongolic Expansion; But The Alexanders Of Philosophy And Religion, Of Science And Art, Seem Less Expendable; Their Impact Seems Less Determined By Economic Challenges And Social Pressures; And They Seem To Have A Much Wider Range Of Possibilities To Influence The Direction, Shape And Texture Of Civilizations.

Modern Man Lives Isolated In His Artificial Environment, Not Because The Artificial Is Evil As Such, But Because Of His Lack Of Comprehension Of The Forces Which Make It Work- Of The Principles Which Relate His Gadgets To The Forces Of Nature, To The Universal Order. It Is Not Central Heating Which Makes His Existence 'unnatural,' But His Refusal To Take An Interest In The Principles Behind It. By Being Entirely Dependent On Science, Yet Closing His Mind To It, He Leads The Life Of An Urban Barbarian.

The Integrative Tendencies Of The Individual Operate Through The Mechanisms Of Empathy, Sympathy, Projection, Introjection, Identification, Worship- All Of Which Make Him Feel That He Is A Part Of Some Larger Entity Which Transcends The Boundaries Of The Individual Self. This Psychological Urge To Belong, To Participate, To Commune Is As Primary And Real As Its Opposite. The All-important Question Is The Nature Of That Higher Entity Of Which The Individual Feels Himself A Part.

Men Cannot Be Treated As Units In Operations Of Political Arithmetic Because They Behave Like The Symbols For Zero And The Infinite , Which Dislocate All Mathematical Operations.

Among All Forms Of Mentation, Verbal Thinking Is The Most Articulate, The Most Complex, And The Most Vulnerable To Infectious Diseases. It Is Liable To Absorb Whispered Suggestions, And To Incorporate Them As Hidden Persuaders Into The Code.

War Is A Ritual, A Deadly Ritual, Not The Result Of Aggressive Self-assertion, But Of Self-transcending Identification. Without Loyalty To Tribe, Church, Flag Or Ideal, There Would Be No Wars.

When Reality Becomes Unbearable, The Mind Must Withdraw From It And Create A World Of Artificial Perfection. Plato's World Of Pure Ideas And Forms, Which Alone Is To Be Considered As Real, Whereas The World Of Nature Which We Perceive Is Merely Its Cheap Woolworth Copy, Is A Flight Into Delusion.

The Most Persistent Sound Which Reverberates Through Man's History Is The Beating Of War Drums.

If Time Is Treated In Modern Physics As A Dimension On A Par With The Dimensions Of Space, Why Should We A Priori Exclude The Possibility That We Are Pulled As Well As Pushed Along Its Axis? The Future Has, After All, As Much Or As Little Reality As The Past, And There Is Nothing Logically Inconceivable In Introducing, As A Working Hypothesis, An Element Of Finality, Supplementary To The Element Of Causality, Into Our Equations. It Betrays A Great Lack Of Imagination To Believe That The Concept Of "purpose" Must Necessarily Be Associated With Some Anthropomorphic Deity.

In Any Language It Is A Struggle To Make A Sentence Say Exactly What You Mean.

...the Temptation, Which Consisted Of A Single Word Written On The Cemetary Of The Defeated: Sleep.

Every Creative Act – In Science, Art, Or Religion – Involves A Regression To A More Primitive Level, A New Innocence Of Perception Liberated From The Cataract Of Accepted Beliefs.

One Question That People Always Ask At Home Is Never Asked Here: "what Happened To Communism In Russia?" Everybody Yawns When A Visitor Brings It Up, Because The Answer Is So Obvious To Every Russian. The Answer Is That There Never Was Communism In Russia; There Were Only Communists.

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Mary-Louise Parker

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