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I Listen To All These Complaints About Rudeness And Intemperateness, And The Opinion That I Come To Is That There Is No Polite Way Of Asking Somebody: Have You Considered The Possibility That Your Entire Life Has Been Devoted To A Delusion? But That’s A Good Question To Ask. Of Course We Should Ask That Question And Of Course It’s Going To Offend People. Tough.

-Daniel Dennett

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I Listen To All

Daniel Dennett

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I Listen To All These Complaints About Rudeness And Intemperateness, And The Opinion That I Come To Is That There Is No Polite Way Of Asking Somebody: Have You Considered The Possibility That Your Entire Life Has Been Devoted To A Delusion? But That’s A Good Question To Ask. Of Course We Should Ask That Question And Of Course It’s Going To Offend People. Tough.

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Problems In Science Are Sometimes Made Easier By Adding Complications.

Virtually Every Major Technological Advance In The History Of The Human Species- Back To The Invention Of Stone Tools And The Domestication Of Fire Has Been Ethically Ambiguous. If You Want To Reason About Faith, And Offer A Reasoned (and Reason Responsive) Defense Of Faith As An Extra Category Of Belief Worthy Of Special Consideration, I'm Eager To Play. I Certainly Grant The Existence Of The Phenomenon Of Faith; What I Want To See Is A Reasoned Ground For Taking Faith Seriously As A Way Of Getting To The Truth , And Not, Say, Just As A Way People Comfort Themselves And Each Other

It Stands To Reason That We Love Chocolate Cake Because It Is Sweet. Guys Go For Girls Like This Because They Are Sexy. We Adore Babies Because They're So Cute. And, Of Course, We Are Amused By Jokes Because They Are Funny. This Is All Backwards. It Is. And Darwin Shows Us Why.

When People Ask Me What Philosophy Is, I Say Philosophy Is What You Do When You Don't Know What The Right Questions Are Yet. Once You Get The Questions Right, Then You Go Answer Them, And That's Typically Not Philosophy, That's One Science Or Another. Anywhere In Life Where You Find That People Aren't Quite Sure What The Right Questions To Ask Are, What They're Doing, Then, Is Philosophy.

Human Freedom Is Not An Illusion; It Is An Objective Phenomenon, Distinct From All Other Biological Conditions And Found In Only One Species - Us.

Some Cultural Phenomena Bear A Striking Resemblance To The Cells Of Cell Biology, Actively Preserving Themselves In Their Social Environments, Finding The Nutrients They Need And Fending Off The Causes Of Their Dissolution.

I Have Shown That Those Who Deplore Artificial Intelligence Are Also Those Who Deplore The Evolutionary Accounts Of Human Mentality: If Human Minds Are Non-miraculous Products Of Evolution, Then They Are, In The Requisite Sense, Artifacts, And All Their Powers Must Have An Ultimately Mechanical Explanation. We Are Descended From Macros And Made Of Macros, And Nothing We Can Do Is Beyond The Power Of Huge Assemblies Of Macros.

Words Have A Genealogy And It's Easier To Trace The Evolution Of A Single Word Than The Evolution Of A Language.

An Inert Historical Fact Is Any Fact About A Perfectly Ordinary Arrangement Of Matter In The World At Some Point In The Past That Is No Longer Discernible, A Fact That Has Left No Footprints At All In The World Today.

I Think That There Are No Forces On This Planet More Dangerous To Us All Than The Fanaticisms Of Fundamentalism, Of All The Species: Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, And Buddhism, As Well As Countless Smaller Infections. Is There A Conflict Between Science And Religion Here? There Most Certainly Is.

A Child Raised On A Desert Island, Alone, Without Social Interaction, Without Language, And Thus Lacking Empathy, Is Still A Sentient Being.

How Good Are The Best Musical Imaginations? Can A Trained Musician, Swiftly Reading A Score Tell Just How That Voicing Of Dissonant Oboes And Flutes Over The Massed Strings Will Sound?

There Is A Time For Politeness And There Is A Time When You Are Obliged To Be Rude.

Natural Selection Is Not Gene Centrist And Nor Is Biology All About Genes; Our Comprehending Minds Are A Result Of Our Fast Evolving Culture.

Is He A Dread Genetic Determinist, Or A Dread Environmental Determinist? He Is Neither, Of Course, For Both These Species Of Bogeyman Are As Mythical As Werewolves. By Increasing The Information We Have About The Various Causes Of The Constraints That Limit Our Current Opportunities, He Has Increased Our Powers To Avoid What We Want To Avoid, Prevent What We Want To Prevent. Knowledge Of The Roles Of Our Genes, And The Genes Of The Other Species Around Us, Is Not The Enemy Of Human Freedom, But One Of Its Best Friends.

Reasons For Declaring Belief Is Not Are Not The Same As Reasons For Believing In God.

Has It Ever Occurred To You How Lucky You Are To Be Alive? More Than 99 Percent Of All The Creatures That Have Ever Lived Have Died Without Progeny, But Not A Single One Of Your Ancestors Falls Into That Group! ... Not A Single One Of Your Ancestors, All The Way Back To The Bacteria, Succumbed To Predation Before Reproducing, Or Lost Out In The Competition For A Mate.

If The History Of Resistance To Darwinian Thinking Is A Good Measure, We Can Expect That Long Into The Future, Long After Every Triumph Of Human Thought Has Been Matched Or Surpassed By 'mere Machines,' There Will Still Be Thinkers Who Insist That The Human Mind Works In Mysterious Ways That No Science Can Comprehend.

Not A Single One Of The Cells That Compose You Knows Who You Are, Or Cares.

Sometimes You Don’t Just Want To Risk Making Mistakes; You Actually Want To Make Them - If Only To Give You Something Clear And Detailed To Fix.

We Need To Let Our Children Grow Up To Face The World Armed With Knowledge, With Much More Knowledge Than We Ourselves Had At Their Age. It Is Scary, But The Alternative Is Worse.

I Listen To All These Complaints About Rudeness And Intemperateness, And The Opinion That I Come To Is That There Is No Polite Way Of Asking Somebody: Have You Considered The Possibility That Your Entire Life Has Been Devoted To A Delusion? But That’s A Good Question To Ask. Of Course We Should Ask That Question And Of Course It’s Going To Offend People. Tough.

Thanks To Technology, What Almost Anybody Can Do Has Been Multiplied A Thousandfold, And Our Moral Understanding About What We Ought To Do Hasn't Kept Pace.

I Am Inclined To Think That Nothing Could Matter More Than What People Love. At Any Rate, I Can Think Of No Value That I Would Place Higher. I Would Not Want To Live In A World Without Love.

The Evidence For Evolution Pours In, Not Only From Geology, Paleontology, Biogeography, And Anatomy, But Of Course From Molecular Biology And Every Other Branch Of The Life Sciences.

Molecular Biology

Are Zombies Possible? They're Not Just Possible, They're Actual. We're All Zombies. Nobody Is Conscious — Not In The Systematically Mysterious Way That Supports Such Doctrines As Epiphenomenalism. *it Would Be An Act Of Desperate Intellectual Dishonesty To Quote This Assertion Out Of Context!

Those Who Feel Guilty Contemplating "betraying" The Tradition They Love By Acknowledging Their Disapproval Of Elements Within It Should Reflect On The Fact That The Very Tradition To Which They Are So Loyal—the "eternal" Tradition Introduced To Them In Their Youth—is In Fact The Evolved Product Of Many Adjustments Firmly But Delicately Made By Earlier Lovers Of The Same Tradition.

Moreover, The Eye Contains A Big Flaw: The Retina Is Inside Out. Why Would An Almighty Designer Do Such A Thing? No Intelligent Designer, .. Would Put Such A Clumsy Arrangement In A Camcorder, And This Is Just One Of The Hundreds Of Accidents Frozen In Evolutionary History That Confirm The Mindlessness Of The Historical Process.

You Don't Get To Advertise All The Good That Your Religion Does Without First Scrupulously Subtracting All The Harm It Does And Considering Seriously The Question Of Whether Some Other Religion, Or No Religion At All, Does Better.

Religions Have Depended On The Relative Isolation And Ignorance Of Their Flocks, Forever And This Is All Breaking Down.

I Am A Philosopher, Not A Scientist, And We Philosophers Are Better At Questions Than Answers.

True, You Don't Have To Be Religious To Be Crazy, But It Helps.

Atheism, A Term Which Will, I'm Sure, Eventually Become As Unnecessary As Round-earthism.

If The Concept Of Consciousness Were To Fall To Science, What Would Happen To Our Sense Of Moral Agency And Free Will? If Conscious Experience Were Reduced Somehow To Mere Matter In Motion, What Would Happen To Our Appreciation Of Love And Pain And Dreams And Joy? If Conscious Human Beings Were Just Animated Material Objects, How Could Anything We Do To Them Be Right Or Wrong?

If I Were To Give A Prize For The Single Best Idea Anybody Ever Had, I'd Give It To Darwin For The Idea Of Natural Selection - Ahead Of Newton, Ahead Of Einstein - Because His Idea Unites The Two Most Disparate Features Of Our Universe: The World Of Purposeless, Meaningless Matter And Motion, Particles Jostling On The One Side, And The World Of Meaning And Purpose, Design On The Other.

Some Of The Greatest, Most Revolutionary Advances In Science Have Been Given Their Initial Expression In Attractively Modest Terms, With No Fanfare.

It's A No Win Situation. It's A Mug's Game. The Religions Have Contrived To Make It Impossible To Disagree With Them Critically Without Being Rude. They Play The Hurt Feelings Card At Every Opportunity.

Highly Technical Philosophical Arguments Of The Sort Many Philosophers Favor Are Absent Here. That Is Because I Have A Prior Problem To Deal With. I Have Learned That Arguments, No Matter How Watertight, Often Fall On Deaf Ears. I Am Myself The Author Of Arguments That I Consider Rigorous And Unanswerable But That Are Often Not Such Much Rebutted Or Even Dismissed As Simply Ignored.

Human Consciousness Is Just About The Last Surviving Mystery.

Minds Are In Limited Supply, And Each Mind Has A Limited Capacity For Memes, And Hence There Is Considerable Competition Among Memes For Entry In As Many Minds As Possible.

Human Consciousness Is Just About The Last Surviving Mystery... A Topic That Often Leaves Even The Most Sophisticated Thinkers Tongue-tied And Confused. And, As With All Of The Earlier Mysteries, There Are Many Who Insist - And Hope - That There Will Never Be A Demystification Of Consciousness.

Love Is Blind, As They Say, And Because Love Is Blind, It Often Leads To Tragedy: To Conflicts In Which One Love Is Pitted Against Another Love, And Something Has To Give, With Suffering Guaranteed In Any Resolution.

You Can't Get Through Seminary And Come Out Believing In God!

Keep Darwinian Thinking Out Of Cosmology, Out Of Psychology, Out Of Human Culture, Out Of Ethics, Politics, And Religion!

Homunculi Are Bogeymen Only If They Duplicate Entire The Talents They Are Rung In To Explain. If One Can Get A Team Or Committee Of Relatively Ignorant, Narrow-minded, Blind Homunculi To Produce The Intelligent Behaviour Of The Whole, This Is Progress.

No Matter How Smart You Are, You're Smarter If You Take The Easy Ways When They Are Available.

There Is No Reality Of Consciousness Independent Of The Effects Of Various Vehicles Of Content On Subsequent Action (and Hence, Of Course, On Memory).

Some Philosophers Can't Bear To Say Simple Things, Like "suppose A Dog Bites A Man." They Feel Obliged Instead To Say, "suppose A Dog D Bites A Man M At Time T," Thereby Demonstrating Their Unshakable Commitment To Logical Rigor, Even Though They Don't Go On To Manipulate Any Formulae Involving D, M, And T.

The Theoretical Fruits Of Deliberate Oversimplification Through Idealization Are Not To Be Denied... Reality In All Its Messy Particularity Is Too Complicated To Theorize About, Taken Straight. The Issue Is, Rather (since Every Idealization Is A Strategic Choice), Which Idealizations Might Really Shed Some Light... Which Will Just Land Us... Diverting Fairy Tales.

I Think Religion For Many People Is Some Sort Of Moral Viagra.

... There Could Be Talking Bunny Rabbits, Spiders Who Write English Messages In Their Webs, And For That Matter, Melancholy Choo-choo Trains. There Could Be, I Suppose, But There Aren't-so My Theory Doesn't Have To Explain Them.

As Every Scuba Diver Knows, Panic Is Your Worst Enemy: When It Hits, Your Mind Starts To Thrash And You Are Likely To Do Something Really Stupid And Self-destructive.

Life Itself Is Just A Thin Coat Of Paint On The Planet, And We Hold The Paintbrush.

The Secret Of Happiness Is: Find Something More Important Than You Are And Dedicate Your Life To It.

Religion Is Defined As Social Systems Whose Participants Avow A Supernatural Agent Or Agents Whose Approval Is To Be Sought.

The Task Of The Mind Is To Produce Future, As The Poet Paul Valery Once Put It. A Mind Is Fundamentally An Anticipator, An Expectation-generator. It Mines The Present For Clues, Which It Refines With The Help Of The Materials It Has Saved From The Past, Turning Them Into Anticipations Of The Future. And Then It Acts, Rationally, On The Basis Of Those Hard-won Anticipations.

Yes We Have A Soul But It's Made Of Lots Of Tiny Robots

Now That Mobile Phones And The Internet Have Altered The Epistemic Selective Landscape In A Revolutionary Way, Every Religious Organisation Must Scramble To Evolve Defences Or Become Extinct.

Postmodernism, The School Of 'thought' That Proclaimed 'there Are No Truths, Only Interpretations' Has Largely Played Itself Out In Absurdity, But It Has Left Behind A Generation Of Academics In The Humanities Disabled By Their Distrust Of The Very Idea Of Truth And Their Disrespect For Evidence, Settling For 'conversations' In Which Nobody Is Wrong And Nothing Can Be Confirmed, Only Asserted With Whatever Style You Can Muster.

If Nobody Cares, Then It Doesn't Matter What Happens To Flowers.

People Ache To Believe That We Human Beings Are Vastly Different From All Other Species - And They Are Right! We Are Different. We Are The Only Species That Has An Extra Medium Of Design Preservation And Design Communication: Culture.

In Short, We Need To Recover The Courage We Celebrate In Our Heroes, And In Particular, The Courage To Tolerate, For The Sake Of A Free Society, A Level Of Risk We Hardly Ever Imagined In The Past.

To Put It Bluntly But Fairly, Anyone Today Who Doubts That The Variety Of Life On This Planet Was Produced By A Process Of Evolution Is Simply Ignorant — Inexcusably Ignorant, In A World Where Three Out Of Four People Have Learned To Read And Write.

If The Best The Roboticists Can Hope For Is The Creation Of Some Crude, Cheesy, Second-rate, Artificial Consciousness, They Still Win.

Darwin's Idea Of Natural Selection Makes People Uncomfortable Because It Reverses The Direction Of Tradition.

In The Beginning, There Were No Reasons; There Were Only Causes. Nothing Had A Purpose, Nothing Has So Much As A Function; There Was No Teleology In The World At All.

Go Ahead And Believe In God , If You Like, But Don't Imagine That You Have Been Given Any Grounds For Such A Belief By Science.

I'm The Guy Who Reputedly Denies That People Experience Colors Or Pains, And Thinks That Thermostats Think — Just Ask My Critics.

...but I Also Can't Prove That Mushrooms Could Not Be Intergalactic Spaceships Spying On Us.

The Earth Has Grown A Nervous System, And It's Us.

In 50 Years - Or 20 Years, Or 200 Years - Our Current Epistemic Horizon (the Big Bang, Roughly) May Look As Parochial As The Horizon Newton Had To Settle For In His Day, But No Doubt There Will Still Be Good Questions Whose Answers Elude Us.

The Traditional View Of Purpose Says It Comes From On High, From God, From The Creator. Darwin's Idea Of Natural Selection Makes People Uncomfortable Because It Reverses The Direction Of Tradition. Whereas People Used To Think Of Meaning Coming From On High And Being Ordained From The Top Down, Now We Have Darwin Saying, "no, All Of This Design Can Happen, All Of This Purpose Can Emerge From The Bottom Up Without Any Direction At All."

I Look Around The World And See So Many Wonderful Things That I Love And Enjoy And Benefit From, Whether It's Art Or Music Or Clothing Or Food And All The Rest. And I'd Like To Add A Little To That Goodness.

True, You Don't Have To Be Religious To Be Crazy, But It Helps. Indeed, If You Are Religious, You Don't Have To Be Crazy In The Medically Certifiable Sense In Order To Do Massively Crazy Things.

We Should Get Used To The Idea That We'll Probably Never Be Able To Find - And Confirm - A Good Explanation Of The Ultimate Origin Of The Universe, Though I See No Reason To Believe That We Can't Press Much Further On This Question Than We Have Managed To Date.

I Don't Think The 9/11 Attacks Taught Us Anything We Didn't Already Know About Religion. It Has Long Been Obvious - Even To The Deeply Religious - That Religious Fanaticism Is An Extremely Dangerous Deranger Of Otherwise Sane And Goodhearted People.

If You Can Approach The World's Complexities, Both Its Glories And Its Horrors, With An Attitude Of Humble Curiosity, Acknowledging That However Deeply You Have Seen, You Have Only Scratched The Surface, You Will Find Worlds Within Worlds, Beauties You Could Not Heretofore Imagine, And Your Own Mundane Preoccupations Will Shrink To Proper Size, Not All That Important In The Greater Scheme Of Things.

Try To Acquire The Weird Practice Of Savoring Your Mistakes, Delighting In Uncovering The Strange Quirks That Led You Astray. Then, When You Have Sucked Out All The Goodness To Be Gained From Having Made Them, You Can Cheerfully Forget Them And Go On To The Next Big Opportunity.

Let Me Lay My Cards On The Table. If I Were To Give An Award For The Single Best Idea Anyone Ever Had, I'd Give It To Darwin, Ahead Of Even Newton Or Einstein And Everyone Else. In A Single Stroke, The Idea Of Evolution By Natural Selection Unifies The Realm Of Life, Meaning, And Purpose With The Realm Of Space And Time, Cause And Effect, Mechanism And Physical Law. It Is Not Just A Wonderful Idea. It Is A Dangerous Idea.

Churches Have Given Us Great Treasures Such As Music And Architecture. Whether That Pays For The Harm They Have Done Is Another Matter.

I Am Confident That Those Who Believe In Belief Are Wrong. That Is, We No More Need To Preserve The Myth Of God In Order To Preserve A Just And Stable Society Than We Needed To Cling To The Gold Standard To Keep Our Currency Sound. It Was A Useful Crutch, But We've Outgrown It. Denmark, According To A Recent Study, Is The Sanest, Healthiest, Happiest, Most Crime-free Nation In The World, And By And Large The Danes Simply Ignore The God Issue. We Should Certainly Hope That Those Who Believe In Belief Are Wrong, Because Belief Is Waning Fast, And The Props Are Beginning To Buckle.

Cost Is Always An Object - The Second Law Of Thermodynamics Sees To That

After Darwin, God's Role Changes From Being The Designer Of All Creatures Great And Small To Being The Designer Of The Laws Of Nature, From Which Natural Selection Can Unfold, To Being Perhaps Just The Chooser Of The Laws. By The Time God's Role Has Been So Diminished, He Becomes A Bit Like A Constitutional Monarch, Presiding Ceremonially But Not Having Any More Work To Do. That's A Place For God If It Makes People Comfortable To Keep God As The Presider Over The Universe. I Suppose That Is Satisfying For Many.

I Should Emphasize This, To Keep Well-meaning But Misguided Multiculturalists At Bay: The Theoretical Entities In Which These Tribal People Frankly Believe — The Gods And Other Spirits — Don't Exist. These People Are Mistaken, And You Know It As Well As I Do. It Is Possible For Highly Intelligent People To Have A Very Useful But Mistaken Theory, And We Don't Have To Pretend Otherwise In Order To Show Respect For These People And Their Ways.

The Kindly God Who Lovingly Fashioned Each And Every One Of Us And Sprinkled The Sky With Shining Stars For Our Delight - That God Is, Like Santa Claus, A Myth Of Childhood, Not Anything [that] A Sane, Undeluded Adult Could Literally Believe In. That God Must Either Be Turned Into A Symbol For Something Less Concrete Or Abandoned Altogether.

In Fact, If You Are Faced With The Prospect Of Running Across An Open Field In Which Lightning Bolts Are Going To Be A Problem, You Are Much Better Off If Their Timing And Location Are Determined By Something, Since Then They May Be Predictable By You, And Hence Avoidable. Determinism Is The Friend, Not The Foe, Of Those Who Dislike Inevitability.

Isn't It True That Whatever Isn't Determined By Our Genes Must Be Determined By Our Environment? What Else Is There? There's Nature And There's Nurture. Is There Also Some X, Some Further Contributor To What We Are? There's Chance. Luck. This Extra Ingredient Is Important But Doesn't Have To Come From The Quantum Bowels Of Our Atoms Or From Some Distant Star. It Is All Around Us In The Causeless Coin-flipping Of Our Noisy World, Automatically Filling In The Gaps Of Specification Left Unfixed By Our Genes, And Unfixed By Salient Causes In Our Environment.

Consciousness Is Cerebral Celebrity--nothing More And Nothing Less. Those Contents Are Conscious That Persevere, That Monopolize Resources Long Enough To Achieve Certain Typical And "symptomatic" Effects--on Memory, On The Control Of Behavior And So Forth.

People Are Afraid Of Being More Ignorant Than Their Children―especially, Apparantly, Their Daughters.

There Is No Polite Way To Suggest To Someone That They Have Devoted Their Life To A Folly.

I Think That What One Can See From A Darwinian Account Is How The Addition Of Culture In Our Species Turns Us Into A Very Special Sort Of Animal, An Animal That Can Be A Moral Agent In A Way That No Other Animal Can Be.

Words Are Memes That Can Be Pronounced.

The Juvenile Sea Squirt Wanders Through The Sea Searching For A Suitable Rock Or Hunk Of Coral To Cling To And Make Its Home For Life. For This Task, It Has A Rudimentary Nervous System. When It Finds Its Spot And Takes Root, It Doesn't Need Its Brain Anymore So It Eats It!

Ai Makes Philosophy Honest

The Haven All Memes Depend On Reaching Is The Human Mind, But A Human Mind Is Itself An Artifact Created When Memes Restructure A Human Brain In Order To Make It A Better Habitat For Memes.

What You Can Imagine Depends On What You Know.

The Only Answer To The Endless Chains Of Why, Why, Why Is That The Alternatives Died

In Order To Make A Perfect And Beautiful Machine, It Is Not Requisite To Know How To Make It. All The Works Of Human Genius Can Be Understood In The End To Be Products Of A Cascade Of Generate-and-test Procedures That Are, At Bottom, Algorithmic And Mindless.

There Are No Forces On This Planet More Dangerous To All Of Us Than The Fanaticisms Of Fundamentalism.

There Is No Such Thing As Philosophy-free Science, Just Science That Has Been Conducted Without Any Consideration Of Its Underlying Philosophical Assumptions.

The Chief Trick To Making Good Mistakes Is Not To Hide Them-especially Not From Yourself.

While We Tend To Conceive Of The Operations Of The Mind As Unified And Transparent, They're Actually Chaotic And Opaque. There's No Invisible Boss In The Brain, No Central Meaner, No Unitary Self In Command Of Our Activities And Utterances. There's No Internal Spectator Of A Cartesian Theater In Our Heads To Applaud The March Of Consciousness Across Its Stage.

Imagination Is Cheap As Long As You Don't Have To Worry About The Details.

Most People In The West Who Say They Believe In God Actually Believe In Belief In God.

Philosophers Are Never Quite Sure What They Are Talking About - About What The Issues Really Are - And So Often It Takes Them Rather A Long Time To Recognize That Someone With A Somewhat Different Approach (or Destination, Or Starting Point) Is Making A Contribution.

I Even Agree That The Concept Of God Helps Some People Lead Better Lives. That Does Happen. Don't Ever Forget It. I Just Think There Are Better Ways To Help People Lead Better Lives.

For More Than A Century, People Have Often Thought That The Conclusion To Draw From Darwin's Vision Is That Homo Sapiens, Our Species - And We're Just Animals Too, We're Just Mammals - That There Is Nothing Morally Special About Us. I Myself Don't Think This Follows At All From Darwin's Vision, But It Is Certainly The Received View In Many Quarters.

I Don't Think There Is Any Religious Revival. I Think What We Are Hearing, The Furor, Is Merely The Hysterical Response Of The Churches The Handwriting On The Wall That They Are Seeing.

If I Know Better Than You Know What I Am Up To, It Is Only Because I Spend More Time With Myself Than You Do.

Wherever There Is A Design That Is Highly Successful In A Broad Range Of Similar Environments, It Is Apt To Emerge Again And Again, Independently - The Phenomenon Known In Biology As Convergent Evolution. I Call These Designs 'good Tricks.'

What You Can Imagine Depends On What You Know. Philosophers Who Know Only Philosophy Consign Themselves To A Janitorial Role In The Great Enterprises Of Exploration That Are Illuminating The Mysteries Of Our Lives.

The Problem Is That No Ethical System Has Ever Achieved Consensus. Ethical Systems Are Completely Unlike Mathematics Or Science. This Is A Source Of Concern.

There May Be Things That Are Completely Unknowable To Us, So We Must Be Careful Not To Treat The Limits Of Our Knowledge As Sure Guides To The Limit Of What There Is.

Up Till Now, We Can Suppose, Nervous Systems Solved The 'now What Do I Do?' Problem By A Relatively Simple Balancing Act Between A Strictly Limited Repertoire Of Actions - If Not The Famous Four F's (fight, Flee, Feed, Or Mate), Then A Modest Elaboration Of Them.

In All Mammalian Species That Have So Far Been Carefully Studied, The Rate At Which Their Members Engage In The Killing Of Conspecifics Is Several Thousand Times Greater Than The Highest Homicide Rate In Any American City.

There Are No Good Reasons To Believe In God.

The Best Thing About Saying Thank Goodness In Place Of Thank God This That Here Really Are Lots Of Ways Of Repaying Your Debt Of Goodness - By Setting To Create More Of It, For The Benefit Of Those To Come.

I Think Many People Are Terribly Afraid Of Being Demoted By The Darwinian Scheme From The Role Of Authors And Creators In Their Own Right Into Being Just Places Where Things Happen In The Universe.

There’s Simply No Polite Way To Tell People They’ve Dedicated Their Lives To An Illusion.

There's No Polite Way To Say To Somebody (religious Followers) 'do You Realize You've Wasted Your Life?

It's This Expandable Capacity To Represent Reasons That We Have That Gives Us A Soul. But What's It Made Of? It's Made Of Neurons. It's Made Of Lots Of Tiny Robots. And We Can Actually Explain The Structure And Operation Of That Kind Of Soul, Whereas An Eternal, Immortal, Immaterial Soul Is Just A Metaphysical Rug Under Which You Sweep Your Embarrassment For Not Having Any Explanation.

The Mind Is The Effect, Not The Cause.

My Faith In The Expertise Of Physicists Like Richard Feynman, For Instance, Permits Me To Endorse—and, If It Comes To It, Bet Heavily On The Truth Of—a Proposition That I Don't Understand. So Far, My Faith Is Not Unlike Religious Faith, But I Am Not In The Slightest Bit Motivated To Go To My Death Rather Than Recant The Formulas Of Physics. Watch: E Doesn't Equal Mc2, It Doesn't, It Doesn't! I Was Lying, So There!

Richard Feynman

I Don't Myself Need That Role For God. My View Is That Creation Itself, The Universe Itself, Is The Most Wonderful Thing Deserving Awe And Respect. And That Satisfies Me As My Substitute For God.

We Live In A World That Is Subjectively Open. And We Are Designed By Evolution To Be "informavores", Epistemically Hungry Seekers Of Information, In An Endless Quest To Improve Our Purchase On The World, The Better To Make Decisions About Our Subjectively Open Future.

The Chief Trick To Making Good Mistakes Is Not To Hide Them - Especially Not From Yourself. Instead Of Turning Away In Denial When You Make A Mistake, You Should Become A Connoisseur Of Your Own Mistakes, Turning Them Over In Your Mind As If They Were Works Of Art, Which In A Way They Are.

Every Living Thing Is, From The Cosmic Perspective, Incredibly Lucky Simply To Be Alive. Most, 90 Percent And More, Of All The Organisms That Have Ever Lived Have Died Without Viable Offspring, But Not A Single One Of Your Ancestors, Going Back To The Dawn Of Life On Earth, Suffered That Normal Misfortune. You Spring From An Unbroken Line Of Winners.

Whereas Religions May Serve A Benign Purpose By Letting Many People Feel Comfortable With The Level Of Morality They Themselves Can Attain, No Religion Holds Its Member To The High Standards Of Moral Responsibility That The Secular World Of Science And Medicine Does!

In The Long Run I Certainly Hope Information Is The Cure For Fanaticism, But I Am Afraid Information Is More The Cause Than The Cure.

The Point Of Asking Questions Is To Find True Answers; The Point Of Measuring Is To Measure Accurately; The Point Of Making Maps Is To Find Your Way To Your Destination... In Short, The Goal Of Truth Goes Without Saying, In Every Human Culture.

Asking Questions

Cults And Prophets Proclaiming The Imminent End Of The World Have Been With Us For Several Millennia, And It Has Been Another Sour Sort Of Fun To Ridicule Them The Morning After, When They Discover That Their Calculations Were A Little Off. But, Just As With Marxists, There Are Some Among Them Who Are Working Hard To "hasten The Inevitable," Not Merely Anticipating The End Days With Joy In Their Hearts, But Taking Political Action To Bring About The Conditions They Think Are The Prerequisites For That Occasion.

The Only Meaning Of Life Worth Caring About Is One That Can Withstand Our Best Efforts To Examine It.

The Way Evolution Always Discovers Reasons Is By Retroactive Endorsement.

A Scholar Is Just A Library's Way Of Making Another Library.

Philosophers' Syndrome: Mistaking A Failure Of The Imagination For An Insight Into Necessity.

We Have Had Plenty Of Atheist Presidents; They Just Wouldn't Admit It.

It Is Not So Much That We, Using Our Brains, Spin Our Yarns, As That Our Brains, Using Yarns, Spin Us.

The Idea That God Is A Worthy Recipient Of Our Gratitude For The Blessings Of Life But Should Not Be Held Accountable For The Disasters Is A Transparently Disingenuous Innovation Of The Theologians.

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