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Here Is A Neuron That Fires When I Reach And Grab Something, But It Also Fires When I Watch Joe Reaching And Grabbing Something. ... It's As Though This Neuron Is Adopting The Other Person's Point Of View.

-Vilayanur S. Ramachandran

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Here Is A Neuron

Vilayanur S. Ramachandran

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Here Is A Neuron That Fires When I Reach And Grab Something, But It Also Fires When I Watch Joe Reaching And Grabbing Something. ... It's As Though This Neuron Is Adopting The Other Person's Point Of View.

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More From Vilayanur S. Ramachandran

People Think Of Art And Science As Being Fundamentally Opposed To Each Other, Because Art Is About Celebrating Individual Human Creativity, And Science Is About Discovering General Principles, Not About Individual People. But In Fact, The Two Have A Lot In Common, And The Creative Spirit Is Similar In Both.

Indeed, The Line Between Perceiving And Hallucinating Is Not As Crisp As We Like To Think. In A Sense, When We Look At The World, We Are Hallucinating All The Time. One Could Almost Regard Perception As The Act Of Choosing The One Hallucination That Best Fits The Incoming Data.

Think About What Artists, Novelists And Poets Have In Common: The Ability To Engage In Metaphorical Thinking, Linking Seemingly Unrelated Ideas, Such As, 'it Is The East, And Juliet Is The Sun.'

What Do We Mean By "knowledge" Or "understanding"? And How Do Billions Of Neurons Achieve Them? These Are Complete Mysteries. Admittedly, Cognitive Neuroscientists Are Still Very Vague About The Exact Meaning Of Words Like "understand," "think," And Indeed The Word "meaning" Itself.

Yet As Human Beings We Have To Accept-with Humility-that The Question Of Ultimate Origins Will Always Remain With Us, No Matter How Deeply We Understand The Brain And The Cosmos That It Creates.

Self-awareness Is A Trait That Not Only Makes Us Human But Also Paradoxically Makes Us Want To Be More Than Merely Human. As I Said In My Bbc Reith Lectures, “science Tells Us We Are Merely Beasts, But We Don’t Feel Like That. We Feel Like Angels Trapped Inside The Bodies Of Beasts, Forever Craving Transcendence

The Boundary Between Neurology And Psychiatry Is Becoming Increasingly Blurred, And Its Only A Matter Of Time Before Psychiatry Becomes Just Another Branch Of Neurology.

If We Knew About The Real Facts And Statistics Of Mortality, We’d Be Terrified.

Great Art Allows You To Transcend Your Mortal Frame And To Reach For The Stars. I Think Great Science Does The Same Thing.

Even Today No Computer Can Understand Language As Well As A Three-year-old Or See As Well As A Mouse.

The Visual System Of The Brain Has The Organization, Computational Profile, And Architecture It Has In Order To Facilitate The Organism's Thriving At The Four Fs: Feeding Fleeing, Fighting, And Reproduction.

Your Conscious Life Is An Elaborate After-the-fact Rationalization Of Things You Really Do For Other Reasons.

Remember That Politics, Colonialism, Imperialism And War Also Originate In The Human Brain.

There Is No Real Independent Self, Aloof From Other Human Beings, Inspecting The World, Inspecting Other People. You Are, In Fact, Connected Not Just Via Facebook And Internet, You're Actually Quite Literally Connected By Your Neurons.

There Are 100 Billion Neurons In The Adult Human Brain, And Each Neuron Makes Something Like 1,000 To 10,000 Contacts With Other Neurons In The Brain. Based On This, People Have Calculated That The Number Of Permutations And Combinations Of Brain Activity Exceeds The Number Of Elementary Particles In The Universe.

Our Ability To Perceive The World Around Us Seems So Effortless That We Tend To Take It For Granted.

Even Though Its Common Knowledge These Days, It Never Ceases To Amaze Me That All The Richness Of Our Mental Life - All Our Feelings, Our Emotions, Our Thoughts, Our Ambitions, Our Love Life, Our Religious Sentiments And Even What Each Of Us Regards Us His Own Intimate Private Self - Is Simply The Activity Of These Little Specks Of Jelly In Your Head, In Your Brain. There Is Nothing Else.

In The Fetus, Or A Really Young Child, All The Different Brain Areas Are Connected To Each Other, Diffusely. And As The Brain Develops, The Excess Connections Are Turned Off, So You Get Very Specialized Areas. So Most People Have Really Specialized Talents. What Happens In Creative People Is This Pooling Doesn't Take Place.

The Minute You Succumb To Outside Pressure, You Cease To Be Creative.

A Genius Is Somebody Who Seemingly Just Reaches Out Of Nowhere.

Here Is This Three-pound Mass Of Jelly You Can Hold In The Palm Of Your Hand, And It Can Contemplate The Vastness Of Interstellar Space. It Can Contemplate The Meaning Of Infinity And It Can Contemplate Itself Contemplating On The Meaning Of Infinity.

We Are Not Angels, We Are Merely Sophisticated Apes. Yet We Feel Like Angels Trapped Inside The Bodies Of Beasts, Craving Transcendence And All The Time Trying To Spread Our Wings And Fly Off, And It's Really A Very Odd Predicament To Be In, If You Think About It.

Without Ducking Responsibility, What's Wrong With Medicine Today Is That It Is Predicated On Providing Treatment, Not On Reducing Suffering. Not On Solving Problems.

Lofty Questions About The Mind Are Fascinating To Ask, Philosophers Have Been Asking Them For Three Millennia Both In India Where I Am From And Here In The West - But It Is Only In The Brain That We Can Eventually Hope To Find The Answers.

People Often Ask How I Got Interested In The Brain; My Rhetorical Answer Is: 'how Can Anyone Not Be Interested In It?' Everything You Call 'human Nature' And Consciousness Arises From It.

Science Is Like A Love Affair With Nature; An Elusive, Tantalising Mistress. It Has All The Turbulence, Twists And Turns Of Romantic Love, But Thats Part Of The Game.

A Culture Without Mythology Is Not Really A Civilisation.

If You're A Thinking Person, The Liver Is Interesting, But Nothing Is More Intriguing Than The Brain.

The Brain Abhors Discrepancies.

What The Neurology Tells Us Is That The Self Consists Of Many Components, And The Notion Of One Unitary Self May Well Be An Illusion.

Here Is A Neuron That Fires When I Reach And Grab Something, But It Also Fires When I Watch Joe Reaching And Grabbing Something. ... It's As Though This Neuron Is Adopting The Other Person's Point Of View.

One Of The First Things We Teach Medical Students Is To Listen To The Patient By Taking A Careful Medical History. Ninety Percent Of The Time, You Can Arrive At An Uncannily Accurate Diagnosis By Paying Close Attention, Using Physical Examination And Sophisticated Lab Test To Confirm Your Hunch (and To Increase The Bill To The Insurance Company).

You Cant Just Take An Image And Randomly Distort It And Call It Art - Although Many People In La Jolla Where I Come From Do Precisely That.

The Adage That Fact Is Stranger Than Fiction Seems To Be Especially True For The Workings Of The Brain.

In Fact, On One Occasion, A Rather Pedantic Experimental Psychologist Was Telling Him About A Long, Complicated Experiment He Had Done, Incorporating All The Proper Controls And Using Considerable Technical Virtuosity. When He Saw Crick's Exasperated Expression He Said, "but Dr. Crick, We Have Got It Right - We Know It's Right," Crick's Response Was, "the Point Is Not Whether It's Right. The Point Is: Does It Even Matter Whether Its Right Or Wrong?"

With The Arrival Of Humans, It Has Been Said, The Universe Has Suddenly Become Conscious Of Itself. This, Truly, It The Greatest Mystery Of All.

What The Artist Tries To Do (either Consciously Or Unconsciously) Is To Not Only Capture The Essence Of Something But Also To Amplify It In Order To More Powerfully Activate The Same Neural Mechanisms That Would Be Activated By The Original Object.

Any Ape Can Reach For A Banana, But Only Humans Can Reach For The Stars.

Curiosity Illuminates The Correct Path To Anything In Life. If You're Not Curious, That's When Your Brain Is Starting To Die.

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